Uzbekistan: Nyika inovimbisa kusimudzira hurongwa hwedzidzo

Ichokwadi chisingarambiki kuti muzana remakore rechi21 kubudirira mubudiriro kunogona chete kuwanikwa nenyika idzo dzakasarudza kuisa pamberi pekudyara muhupfumi hwevanhu, sezvo ruzivo rwakaunganidzirwa uye ruzivo rwava hunyanzvi hwekushandisa, anonyora Ranokhon Tursunova.

Iyo nyika sisitimu yedzidzo yakadzikama, iyo inosanganisira pre-chikoro, general sekondari uye yepuraimari dzidzo yehunyanzvi, dzidzo yepamusoro uye yekupedza kudzidza, kusimudzira kwehunyanzvi uye kudzidziswa, yakanyatso kugadziridzwa muUzbekistan. Nekudaro, zvinodikanwa kuratidza hunoshamisa hwemuenzaniso unotsanangurwa nenyika yedu, iyo inoreva nzira yekudzidza yekusingaperi, umo munhu ane mukana wekuwana ruzivo kwenguva yakareba uye nekuchivandudza.

Kana iri dzidzo yepre-school, hurongwa uhu hahusati hwadzorwa kubva pamaonero ebumbiro remutemo kusvika pari zvino. Zvakakodzera uye panguva yakakodzera kuunza chinyorwa chitsva cheBumbiro nemirau iyo nyika inogadzira mamiriro ekusimudzira dzidzo yepamberi yechikoro uye kurerwa, pamwe nedzidzo yesekondari inotariswa nehurumende. Chekutanga, chirongwa ichi chakaumbwa muchirongwa chekudzidza ruzivo rwepasi rose, bumbiro renyika dzekunze, pamwe chete nehwaro hwezvikumbiro uye hurongwa hwevamwe vedu.

Kubva 2017, hurumende yanga ichishanda nesimba kuvandudza dzidzo yechikoro muUzbekistan. Panyaya iyi, Bazi rakasarudzika reDzidzo yeKuchikoro rakagadzirwa, uye Pfungwa Yekuvandudza Dzidzo Yechikoro cheRepublic yeUzbekistan kusvika 2030 yakagamuchirwa, iyo inoshanda sehwaro hwepamutemo hwekuita shanduko muchikamu ichi. Zvichakadaro, hurumende inotarisirwa kutarisisa kukurudzira kubatanidzwa kwemari yakazvimirira kuburikidza nekudyidzana kweveruzhinji nevega muchikamu, kuwedzera huwandu hwevana vari mudzidzo yepasi kusvika pa80.8% panosvika 2030, uye zvakare kuwedzera kuvharirwa kwevatanhatu. -vana vane makore ekuzvarwa ne preschool training system kusvika 100% pakupera kwe2024-2025 gore redzidzo.  

Chinotevera chinongedzo muchikamu chekudzidza kweupenyu hwese idzidzo yechikoro, iyo ine chinangwa chekuumba ruzivo rwekutanga mukudzidziswa kwevashandi vehunyanzvi.

Gwaro idzva reBumbiro reMitemo, iro rinoti nyika inovimbisa dzidzo yemahara yesekondari neyepuraimari, nepo dzidzo yesekondari ichimanikidzirwa, ichashanda sehwaro hwebumbiro rekuvandudza chikamu ichi.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti basa rekuchinja kukuru muchikamu chechikoro cheUzbekistan riri kuitwa zvakanyanya. Mumakore matanhatu apfuura, hurongwa hwemutemo hwekuvandudza hurongwa hwedzidzo yeveruzhinji hwakagadziridzwa, dhidhiyo yakadzokororwa yeMutemo "Padzidzo" yakagamuchirwa, Pfungwa Yekuvandudza Dzidzo Yeruzhinji muRepublic yeUzbekistan kusvika 2030 uye anopfuura makumi maviri. zviito zvemutemo nekutonga zveMutungamiriri wenyika nehurumende zvakatambirwa.

Mu "Gore Rekutarisirwa Kwevanhu uye Dzidzo Yemhando yepamusoro", matanho anokosha akati wandei akatotorwa, kusanganisira kuunzwa kwekudya kwevana vepuraimari pazvikoro zvese.

Zvinoenderana nechirongwa chehurumende-2023, pachave nekusumwa zvishoma nezvishoma kwekudzidzisa vadzidzi mitauro miviri yekune dzimwe nyika uye basa rimwe mune chimwe chezvikoro zvedunhu rega (guta), zvirongwa zvedzidzo zvine chinangwa chekurera vadzidzi mumweya wevanhu nenyika. tsika uye kuda nyika kubva mugore rezvidzidzo 2023-2024.

Nekuda kweizvozvo, kubatanidza chimiro chenyika semupi wemupi wedzidzo yemahara yesekondari uye dzidzo yepakutanga yemabasa emawoko yechizvarwa chechidiki, pamwe nedzidzo yesekondari inomanikidzirwa, ichashanda sehwaro hwebumbiro rekuvandudzwa kwedzidzo yechikoro. 

Kugadziridzwa kunotevera kunogadza kodzero yevagari vemo kuti vawane dzidzo yepamusoro muzvikoro zvehurumende pamakwikwi emuripo wehurumende. Zvakare, zvikoro zvepamusoro zvine kodzero yerusununguko rwedzidzo, kuzvitonga, rusununguko rwekutsvagisa uye kudzidzisa mukati memiganhu inotarwa nemutemo. Magadzirirwo arikurudzirwa muchikamu chitsva cheBumbiro reMitemo anotsanangura zvakajeka uye zvakajeka basa renyika maererano nekuwana dzidzo yepamusoro pahwaro hwemakwikwi.

Mumakore matanhatu apfuura, shanduko huru yakaitika munharaunda yedzidzo yepamusoro muUzbekistan. Semuyenzaniso, nhamba yekunyoresa yakawedzerwa, zvichiunza huwandu hwese hwese ku28% (makore mashanu apfuura chiratidzo ichi chaingova 9%). Huwandu hwezvipo zvehurumende hwawedzera. Kunze kwaizvozvo, kwegore rechipiri akatevedzana, vanasikana vanobva kumhuri dzinoshaya vari kupihwa zviuru zviviri zvinzvimbo kumayunivhesiti. Pamusoro pezvo, vari kupinda mumayunivhesiti vava nemukana wekusarudza mayunivhesiti mashanu ehurumende kuti vanyorese, bvunzo dzebvunzo dzave kudzedzereka, uye zvibodzwa zvinoziviswa nekukurumidza. Kunze kwezvo, zvave kuita kuendesa magwaro kuyunivhesiti online, pamwe nekutora bvunzo yekubvumidzwa kumayunivhesiti eTashkent, uchigara mudunhu. 

Panguva imwecheteyo, kuchinjika kune yakasanganiswa fomu yedzidzo (yakazara-nguva, chikamu-nguva, manheru uye kureba kudzidza) uye kuwedzera kwenhamba yemayunivhesiti anoshanda munyika, kusanganisira yakavanzika uye matavi emayunivhesiti ekunze anogona kutariswa. hutsva hunokosha zvakare.

Mukuita shanduko yakakosha yedzidzo yepamusoro, Uzbekistan iri kutevera chinangwa chikuru chekuva nyika inokwikwidza iyo inodyara mari yakawanda mukudzidzisa vashandi vane hunyanzvi mukudiwa pamusika wevashandi. Saka, kudiwa kwedzidzo yepamusoro muUzbekistan kwave kukura gore rega rega.

Muchikamu chedzidzo, hutsva huri kuitika munharaunda yedu hunofanirwa kuve neimwe nzvimbo. Dzidzo inosanganisirwa chikamu chavo.   

Kune vechidiki vakawanda munyika vane humwe hurema avo, pasinei nezvose, vanoda kudzidza, kushanda uye kubatsira hurumende uye nzanga.      

Kugadziridzwa kunorongwa kune chinyorwa chitsva cheBumbiro reMitemo "Dzidzo yeInclusive uye kurerwa kunofanirwa kupihwa kuvana vane zvinodiwa zvedzidzo kuzvikoro zvedzidzo".

Dzidzo inosanganisirwa chinhu chitsva chenharaunda yedu, saka, tinogona chete kuigadzirisa zvichienderana neruzivo rwepasirese. Panguva imwecheteyo, mukushandiswa kweiyo social state modhi, hazvifanirwe kungoziva chete, asiwo kugadzira mamiriro ekubatanidzwa kwevechidiki vane hurema munzvimbo yedzidzo yenyika yedu, kuumbwa kwavo senhengo dzakazara dzenzanga. .    

Izvo zvikamu zvehurumende inoenderera mberi dzidzo zvinosanganisirawo postgraduate dzidzo, kudzidziswa kwepamusoro uye kudzidziswazve kwevashandi. Musi waGunyana 6, 2019, Chirevo cheMutungamiriri "Pane Mamwe Matanho Ekuwedzera Kuvandudza Yehunyanzvi Dzidzo System" chakagamuchirwa. Musi waKukadzi 26, 2021, Chirevo cheCabinet of Ministers chakabvumidza Mutemo wesangano rekudzidzira patsva uye kudzidziswa kwepamusoro kwevashandi vemaneja nevadzidzisi vezvikoro zvedzidzo.

Zvinofanira kusimbiswa, kuti basa revanyanzvi vane ruzivo rwakanyanya muhupfumi hutsva rakakosha uye richaramba richikura. Panyaya iyi, kuvandudzwa nguva dzose kweunyanzvi uye hunyanzvi hwemunhu pachako kuchabatsira pakugadzirisa kunoenderana kwese kwese kwehupenyu uye basa.     

Zvese zvataurwa pamusoro pekuvandudzwa kweBumbiro reMitemo muchikamu chitsva zvichapa simba idzva uye hunhu hune simba kuhurongwa hwedzidzo inoenderera mberi, pamwe nekuona budiriro yeUzbekistan uye kukwikwidza munhandare yepasi rose.

Ranokhon Tursunova ndiye UWED Associate Purofesa, Dhipatimendi rePolitical Science, Chiremba we Historical Science.

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