Kero yemutungamiri wenyika senzira yekuita muna 2023

Musi wa20 Zvita, Mutungamiriri weUzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev akapa Kero kuOliy Majlis (Paramende) nevanhu veUzbekistan, umo akapfupisa mhedzisiro yegore raibuda uye akatsanangura zvinokosheswa negwara muna 2023. zvave zvechinyakare kubva muna Zvita 2017, Mutungamiriri anopfupikisa mhedzisiro yegore rinobuda, anoratidza kosi yegore rinotevera uye anoisa pamberi pegwaro remitemo yegore rinouya, anonyora kudaro Obid Khakimov, mutungamiriri weCentre for Economic Research and Reforms.

Mutungamiri akaronga kutumidza gore ra2023 se "Gore Rekuchengeta Vanhu uye Dzidzo Yemhando," vachiratidza kuti "kuvandudza dzidzo ndiyo nzira chete yekuvandudza New Uzbekistan."

Muchikamu chehupfumi, kekutanga, gross yemumba yeUzbekistan yakapfuura madhora mabhiriyoni makumi masere, madhora mabhiriyoni masere emari yekunze yakakwezvwa, uye kutengeswa kunze kwenyika kwakasvika mabhiriyoni gumi nemapfumbamwe emadhora.

Kwenguva yekutanga munhoroondo yenyika yedu, pensions uye mabhenefiti ezvemagariro akawedzerwa kusvika padanho risiri rakaderera pane mari shoma yevatengi mu2022. Kana muna 2017, zviuru mazana mashanu chete emhuri dzine mari shoma dzakagamuchira rubatsiro rwemagariro, nhasi kune anopfuura 500. mamiriyoni. Huwandu hwemari yakagoverwa yakawedzera ka2 uye yakasvika 7 trillion mari pagore.

Panguva imwecheteyo, inofanirwa kuverengerwa kuti huwandu hwenyika huri kuwedzera gore rega rega ne900 zviuru zvevanhu uye muna 2021 vakapfuura 36 miriyoni, izvo zvinowedzera huwandu hwevanhu uye hwemagariro mutoro wehupfumi. Asi pasinei neizvi, sezvinoratidzwa nenhamba, mumakore achangopfuura zvave zvichibvira kusimbisa zvakanyanya kuchengetedzwa kwevanhu kwevanhu.

Chiremera chepasi rose cheUzbekistan chiri kukura zvakare, chiri kuita imwe yenzvimbo dzezvematongerwo enyika. Nekudaro, muna 2022, Uzbekistan yakabata Misangano yeShanghai Cooperation Organisation neSangano reTurkic States, pamwe nemazhinji emisangano yepasirese yepamusoro.

MuChirevo ichi, pakatariswa zvakanyanya nyaya dzekuvandudzwa kweBumbiro reMitemo. Nhasi zvatambirwa zvisungo zvinodarika zviuru mazana maviri nemakumi maviri kubva kuvagari kuti bumbiro remitemo rivandudzwe, uye gwaro rebumbiro idzva richaendeswa kureferendamu yenyika. Hurukuro yemutungamiri wenyika yakaratidzawo zvinokosheswa negwara mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzekuita.

Kuvandudzwa kwehutungamiri hwehurumende

Shanduko iyi ndeye shanduko kubva ku "manual" manejimendi kuenda kune yakarongeka yakanangana nemhedzisiro, izvo zvinozowedzera kushanda kwehurongwa hwehutungamiriri hwehurumende uye huchiita kuti huwedzere.

Muchina wehurumende wakaunganidza akawanda ekuita duplicate mabasa, kune yakakwira centralization yekutonga uye overmanning. Naizvozvo, Chirevo cheMutungamiriri chakasainwa pakuitwa kweshanduko itsva yekutonga.

Huwandu hweMapazita nemapazi huchadzikiswa kubva pamakumi matanhatu nerimwe kusvika pamakumi maviri nemasere. Mamiriro ezvematongerwo enyika eGurukota rega rega achawedzerwa, pamwe nekuzvidavirira kwaanoita kuMutungamiriri weNyika, Paramende uye veruzhinji. Nhamba yevashandi vehurumende ichaderedzwa zvishoma nezvishoma ne61-28%, uye mari yakachengetwa ichashandiswa kugadzirisa nyaya dzevanhu. Basa rakabatana rekomiti, komisheni nenhengo dzeParamende pakurongeka kwakanaka kwezviitwa zveGurukota richaonekwa.

Nheyo ye "social state"

Rimwe remabasa makuru muna 2023 richava rekuvandudza kunaka kwedzidzo yechikoro uye chiremera chevadzidzisi munharaunda. Zvikoro zvePresident zvakatotanga chirongwa chedzidzo che "A-Level", chakabvumidzwa munyika zana nemakumi matatu pasi rose.

Kune zvakare mabasa akakosha mumunda wedzidzo yepakutanga. Kana mumakore matanhatu apfuura kuvharwa kwevana vane dzidzo yechikoro kwakawedzera kubva pa27 kusvika ku70%, saka kuti uwane 80% yekuvhara mumakore mashanu anotevera, zvakakosha kugadzira 600 zviuru zvimwe nzvimbo itsva mukireshi.

Mundima yedzidzo yepamusoro mumakore achangopfuura, nhamba yemayunivhesiti munyika yakawedzera 2.5 nguva - kusvika 198, uye kufukidza dzidzo yepamusorosoro kwakawedzera kubva 9 kusvika 38%. Makunivhesiti makumi mana nerimwe akatowana rusununguko rwedzidzo uye rwemari. Gore rinouya, zviwanikwa zvakagoverwa zvikwereti zvedzidzo zvevadzidzi veyunivhesiti zvichapeta kaviri uye zvinosvika mabhiriyoni 1.7 emari. Muna 2023, 1.8 trillion mari ichagoverwa yesainzi uye hunyanzvi.

Mundima yehutano hwekutanga hwehuwandu hwevanhu, dzimwe 140 mhuri nzvimbo dzekurapa uye polyclinics dzichagadzirwa muna 2023, uye compact medical centers ichagadzirwa mu520 yakaoma-kusvika uye kure makhallas. Chirongwa chemakore matatu chehutano hwemadzimai nemwana chichatangwa zvakare, pasi pacho zvivako zvese zvekusununguka zvichagadziridzwa zvachose uye zvine midziyo, uye nhamba yemibhedha ichawedzera ne35%. Zvakare muna 2023, mapurojekiti achatangwa ekutanga radiological nzvimbo muSamarkand, Ferghana neKhorezm.

Mapurogiramu ese ekudyara nyika achaumbwa mumamiriro ezvinhu emakhallas. Muna 2023, mari inokwana kuita katatu, kana kuti 3 trillion sums, ichagoverwa kuti iite mapurojekiti akatangwa neruzhinji. Kuwedzera kusununguka kwemakhallas mune zvemari, sechikamu chekushandiswa kwe "Makhalla Budget" system, kubva muna Ndira 8, 1, chikamu chemari inowanikwa kubva mutero wenzvimbo uye mutero wevhu icharamba ichiraswa nemakhalla.

Kugadzirisa dambudziko reimba, huwandu hwekuvakwa kweimba itsva huchawedzera ne 1.5 nguva uye kusvika 90 zviuru zvedzimba uye zvivakwa zvekugara zvega.

Matambudziko emvura nekurima

Iyo yakajeka yemvura metering system ichaunzwa, uye mumakore matatu anotevera, dzinenge zviuru gumi nezvitatu zvivakwa zvemvura zvichave digitalized. Pahwaro hwekudyidzana kweveruzhinji-vega, zviteshi zvihombe zvekupomba gumi nenhanhatu zvichavandudzwa zvoendeswa kune mamwe magetsi. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, chikamu chemari kubva pamutero wekushandiswa kwemvura yemvura ichawedzerwa zvakare kukurudzirwa kwekudiridza mumatunhu. Kuedza mundima yeecology uye kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza kuchawedzerwawo.

Shanduko dzekurima dzichaenderera mberi. Kana kare 100 400 hectares of acreage yakaendeswa ku2023 zviuru dehkans, zvino muna 100 imwe 350 zviuru mahekita evhu rekudiridza ichagoverwa kuhuwandu, nekuda kwekuti anenge zviuru mazana matatu nemakumi mashanu emapurazi matsva edehkan achagadzirwa uye matambudziko mazhinji emagariro mumaruwa. ichagadziriswa. Nyika ichatsigirawo kushandira pamwe, kuvandudza zvivakwa zvidiki uye zvepakati kugona kuchengetedza, kuronga uye kugadzirisa zvigadzirwa zvekurima. Pakazara, bhiriyoni imwe chete yemadhora ichagoverwa kumapurojekiti ekugadzira yakakwira kukosha muchikamu chezvekurima muna 1.

Kuvandudzwa kwehukama hwemusika uye kutsigirwa kwebhizinesi

Gore rinouya, kuiswa kwemaitiro emusika wakasununguka, kuve nechokwadi chemakwikwi ane hutano, kusakanganiswa kwemidziyo yega uye kutsigirwa kwebhizimusi kuchaenderera mberi. Sezvakataurwa nemutungamiri wenyika, nyaya idzi dzinofanirwa kutora nzvimbo yakakosha muBumbiro reMitemo idzva.

Muna 2023, nzira itsva dzichaunzwa kuderedza kusaenzana kwehupfumi pakati pematunhu uye kusimudzira kwakaringana kwematunhu ese nemaguta, ayo, zvichienderana nezvaanogona, achakamurwa muzvikamu zvishanu, uye nzira yekuvandudza hupfumi hwedunhu ikozvino ichave. yakatarwa zvichienderana neboka rayo. Zvichienderana nechikamu chaicho chedunhu kana guta, mabhizinesi achapihwa rubatsiro, zvikwereti uye muripo. Mitero yemitero ichasiyaniswa zvakare.

Nekuda kwekudzikiswa kwemutengo wakawedzerwa wemutero kubva pagumi nemashanu kusvika pagumi nemaviri muzana kubva muna Ndira 15, vemabhizinesi vachange vaine mari inosvika matiriyoni gumi nemana pagore. Mutero uye hutongi hwetsika huchavandudzwa zvakanyanya, uye hurongwa hwekuongorora mhando yebasa rinopihwa kune vemabhizinesi huchaunzwa mumatunhu ese enyika.

Matambudziko emagetsi

Matambudziko akanyanya mukuwanikwa kwemagetsi ari kuramba achienderera mberi nekuda kwekuti mumakore matanhatu apfuura huwandu hwevanhu munyika hwakawedzera ne13%, huwandu hwemakambani emaindasitiri hwakapetwa kaviri - kubva pa45 kusvika ku100 zviuru, zvichiteerana, kudiwa kwemagetsi kwakawedzera. zvishoma ne35% uye inoramba ichikura. Kuti hupfumi hurambe huripo, zvinodikanwa kuisa madhora 25-30 bhiriyoni musimba, izvo zvinodiwa kukwezva vega mari muindasitiri.

Mumakore matatu apfuura, madhora mabhiriyoni masere ekudyara akananga kuchikamu chesimba. Muna 8, zvidyarwa zvinomwe zvine simba re 2022 zviuru megawatts zvakatumirwa. Muna 7, kuvakwa kwemapurojekiti makuru gumi nerimwe ane simba re1.5 zviuru zve megawatts, kusanganisira magetsi ezuva nemhepo, zvichapedzwa, izvo zvichabvumira mamwe mabhiriyoni gumi nemana emagetsi emagetsi kuti agadzirwe uye kuwedzera magetsi kudzimba. 2023%. Chirongwa chemakore gumi chekuongorora chichagamuchirwa kuti chiwedzere matura egasi chaiwo.

Mumakore matatu anotevera, magetsi ezuva uye vanotora mvura inopisa vachaiswa mumasangano ose enyika. Nechinangwa ichi, mari yekudyara inosvika mabhiriyoni maviri emadhora ichakwezvwa. Nekuda kweizvi, 2% yemagetsi uye gasi kushandiswa kuchaendeswa kune "girinhi simba". Kumhuri, huwandu hwemari yerubatsiro yakagoverwa pakugadzika kwesolar panels ichawedzerwa nekaviri.

Kukwezva mari uye mikana kunze kwenyika

Kuti uchengetedze huwandu hwakakwana hwekukura kwehupfumi hunodiwa kuvandudza mararamiro ehuwandu hwevanhu huri kukurumidza kukura, zvakakosha kukwezva nekushingaira mari muhupfumi uye kuwedzera kunze kwenyika.

Mumakore matanhatu apfuura, kupinda kwekudyara kuUzbekistan kwakawedzera kusvika padanho rinopfuura 30% yeGDP uye, sezvakataurwa neMutungamiriri muKero yake, "ticharamba tichivandudza mamiriro ekukura kwekudyara kwepachivande nekune dzimwe nyika. hupfumi." Nokudaro, muna 2023, inenge madhora mabhiriyoni makumi matatu ekutsvaga mari ichakwezvwa, iyo $30 bhiriyoni ichave yekudyara kwega, nekuda kwekuti mapurojekiti anopfuura mazana matatu ane kukosha kwemadhora mazana masere emadhora achatangwa pamwe chete nemapurojekiti makuru makumi mana.

Nekuda kwekuitwa kwemapurojekiti aya, kugona kweAlmalyk Mining neMetallurgical Complex kuchawedzera kubva pamamiriyoni makumi mana kusvika pamamiriyoni zana. Kuvakwa kwenzvimbo yakaoma yekugadzira goridhe ore ine huwandu hwematani emamiriyoni mana ichapedzwa padhipoziti ye "Pistali" mudunhu reNavoi. Izvi zvichabvumira kuwedzera kugadzirwa kwemhangura nekatatu mumakore mashanu anotevera, uye goridhe kusvika matani zana nemakumi mashanu pagore. Zvirongwa zvakakura zvichaparurwawo mumaindasitiri emakemikari, emotokari, uye einjiniya.

Muna 2023, hupfumi hwakakura huchatangwa, mabhizinesi angangoita chiuru achaiswa kutengeswa. Panguva imwecheteyo, kuitira kuti vanhu vatore chikamu muzvirongwa zvehupfumi, zvikamu zvemakambani makuru gumi nemabhangi ezvokutengeserana enyika achaiswa kune akavhurika uye akajeka auctions (IPO), umo vagari vese venyika vanozoitwa. kukwanisa kutora chikamu.

Rimwe basa rakatarwa neMutungamiriri muChitauro nderekuwedzera kutengeswa kwezvinhu zvakapedzwa nemadhora mazana mana emadhora muna 4. Akataura kuti nekuda kwechirongwa che "New Uzbekistan - nyika yezvigadzirwa zvemakwikwi" yakatangwa muna 2023, vanenge zviuru zviviri zvemabhizinesi vakapinda mumisika yekunze. kekutanga mugore rimwe chete. Uye muna 2022, tsika yekubhadharira vatengesi kunze kwenyika kune zvekufambisa uye zvimwe mari inopihwa nechirongwa ichaenderera mberi.

Izvi zvingangoita zvakapetwa kaviri kupihwa kwemachira, midziyo yemagetsi, matehwe neshangu uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvakapedzwa kumisika yeEurope. Panguva imwecheteyo, ikozvino 9-nhanho yetsika yekubvumidza maitiro ekutengesa kunze zvigadzirwa ichaderedzwa nekatatu. Uye kazhinji, huwandu hwezvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika muna 3 huchapfuura madhora 2023 bhiriyoni kekutanga munhoroondo yeUzbekistan.

mhedziso

Tichiongorora Hurukuro yeMutungamiriri weNyika, tinogona kufungidzira nechivimbo kuti 2023 richava gore rebudiriro mukuitwa kweshanduko.

Hurongwa hwemagariro evanhu hunoenderana nekusimudzira hupfumi, sezvo ihwo hupfumi hunounza mari yebhajeti inogona kushandiswa mumagariro. Uye ndizvo chaizvo kubudirira kwehupfumi kwemakore achangopfuura izvo zvakatibvumira kuunganidza mari yakakwana mubhajheji kuti tienderere mberi pakuumbwa kwechokwadi "social state".

Nyaya dzekuburitswa kwemakambani ehurumende hadzina kunyatsogadziriswa kwenguva yakareba. Kune rimwe divi, izvi zvakadziviswa nekusakwana kugona kwemusika wemumba, izvo zvinodzikamisa kugona kwekusimudzira kwemabhizinesi muchiitiko chavo. Uye kune rimwe divi, kune huwandu husina kukwana hwekuchengetedza kwemunhu, zvese zvehuwandu uye bhizinesi repamba, yekutora mabhizinesi nemutengo wakakwira zvakakwana kuti uve nechokwadi chemari yakakwana yebhajeti. Zvisinei, munguva yekuvandudzwa kwehupfumi mumakore mashanu apfuura, mamiriro ezvinhu akachinja kumativi ose maviri, kukwanisa kwemisika kwakawedzera, pamwe chete nekuchengetedzwa kwemabhizimisi nehuwandu hwevanhu. Ndiko kuti, mamiriro ese anodiwa akagadzirwa kune yakakura privatization, iyo ichatanga gore rinouya.

Uye pakupedzisira, dambudziko rekupa simba, iro richangobva kuve rakanyanya nekuda kwekuderedzwa kwekugadzirwa kwegasi kunopesana nemashure ehuwandu hwevanhu uye kukura kwehupfumi. Mabasa akaiswa muKero anobvumira kuti igadziriswe nenzira inonyanya kushanda nhasi pasina kuwedzera kwakanyanya kwemitengo yemagetsi kune huwandu hwevanhu uye nekugadzirira hwaro hwakakomba hwekubvisa dambudziko iri mune ramangwana.

Nekudaro, isu tinofanirwa kufunga kuti mabasa akaiswa muKutaura kweMutungamiriri achapedzwa zvinobudirira muna 2023.

Obid Khakimov, mutungamiriri weCentre for Economic Research and Reforms[1] pasi peKutonga kweMutungamiriri weRepublic yeUzbekistan.

[1] Iyo Center for Economic Research and Reforms (CERR) iri pasi peAdministration yePresident yeRepublic yeUzbekistan zvese inzvimbo yekutsvagisa uye inomhanyisa shanduko yemagariro nehupfumi. CERR inopa zvirevo uye mazano pamazano ehurongwa hwemagariro nehupfumi nemaministries ekugadzirisa nyaya huru dzebudiriro nenzira inokurumidza, inoshanda uye inoshanda. CERR iri muCentral Asia Top-10 ne "Global Go To Think Tank Index Report 2020" (USA).

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