Zvibvumirano zvakasvikwa zvichitevera kushanya kwenyika kweMutungamiriri weUzbekistan zvichasimudza hukama hwakasiyana-siyana hweUzbek-Saudi kune imwe nhanho yebudiriro.

Kuvandudzwa kwehukama neHumambo hweSaudi Arabia (KSA) ndechimwe chezvakakosha pane yakagadziridzwa mutemo wekunze weRepublic yeUzbekistan. Saudi Arabia ishamwari yakakosha yeUzbekistan, ine masimba makuru uye mari uye hupfumi hunogona kwete munyika dzeArab-Muslim chete, asiwo pasi rose., anonyora Mukhsinjon Kholmukhamedov.

KSA ndiyo nzvimbo yepakati peIslam, uko kune nzvimbo huru dzechitendero cheIslam - iyo Al-Haram Mosque muMecca uye Mosque yeMuporofita Al-Masjid an-Nabawi muMedina. Panyaya iyi, Umambo hunoita basa guru muupenyu hwevaMuslim pasi rose, kusanganisira Uzbekistan, vanoita Hajj neUmrah. Panguva imwecheteyo, Saudi Arabia inotora Uzbekistan seimwe ye "makororo" ebudiriro yeIslam.

MuSaudi Arabia, iyo zvakare inogara vanhu vanopfuura mamirioni makumi matatu nemana, mutemo uyu unoratidzwa nekutora chikamu kwehurumende muzvikamu zvikuru zvehupfumi. Kosi iri kuitwa kuti panguva imwe chete iwedzere basa renyika yakazvimiririra capital.

Muchirevo chechinyorwa chino, chiitiko cheKSA mukuita chirongwa chayo che "Vision 2030", icho chine chinangwa chekuwedzera kusunungurwa kwehupfumi hwenyika kubva mukutsamira kwezvinhu (mafuta) zvinokwezva.

Hurongwa hwemagariro eKSA hunosanganisira kupihwa kwezvivimbiso zvemagariro kuvanhu, rutsigiro nerubatsiro rwevechidiki nemhuri.

Parizvino, izvi zvinosanganiswa nekukurudzira kudzidziswa uye kudzidziswazve kwevashandi venyika kuti vashande mumaindasitiri nebazi rakazvimirira rehupfumi.

Uzbekistan neSaudi Arabia zvakabatana nepedyo nhoroondo, tsika uye zvemweya tsika.

Kufanana uku, pamwe nekuvapo kwemasimba emari nehupfumi zviwanikwa, Saudi Arabia inokwezva kwazvo kuRepublic yeUzbekistan.

Humambo hweSaudi Arabia hwaive pakati pevekutanga kuziva rusununguko rwenyika yeRepublic yeUzbekistan (Zvita 30, 1991). Muna Kukadzi wegore rino, Uzbekistan neSaudi Arabia vakapemberera kusvitsa makore makumi matatu kwekutanga kwehukama hwekudyidzana.

Hurongwa hwemutemo hwekudyidzana kwenyika mbiri idzi hune magwaro gumi nematatu. Mapato aya ari kugadzira kudyidzana kwenyika mbiri idzi zvichibva pachibvumirano che "Pakubatana mune Zvematongerwo enyika, Economic, Trade, Investment and Technological Spheres, Youth Affairs neMitambo", pamwe nezvibvumirano "Pakudzivirira uye Kusimudzira Kwekudyara" uye "Pakudzivisa. yeDouble Taxation”.

Nhanho yakakosha munhoroondo yehukama hwenyika mbiri, iyo yakapa imwezve kukurudzira mukuvandudza hukama hwenyika mbiri, yaive kushanya kweMutungamiri Shavkat Mirziyoyev kuHumambo hweSaudi Arabia pakukokwa kwaMambo Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud pa20-21 Chivabvu. 2017, panguva iyo mutungamiri wedu akatora chikamu muSammit yeArab-Muslim Nyika uye United States.

Kubva ipapo, hukama hwenyika mbiri hwezvematongerwo enyika, hwehupfumi uye hwetsika nerubatsiro huri kuratidza masimba akanaka, huchizadzwa nezvinhu zvinoshanda. Kugaroonana nekutsinhana pamwero wepamusoro uye wepamusoro zvakasimudza kubatana kusvika padanho idzva. Nekuda kwekuedza kweHutungamiri hweUzbekistan, zviito zvakarongeka zvemasevhisi akakodzera uye madhipatimendi enyika mbiri idzi, akarongeka papuratifomu yeIPC, akawedzera zvakanyanya kukurumidza kwekusimudzira kwekubatana kweUzbek-Saudi.

Mumakore mashanu apfuura, kutengeserana pakati peUzbekistan neSaudi Arabia kwakawedzera ka1.2.

Muna Ndira-Chikumi 2022, kutengesana kwakawedzera munguva dzinosvika gumi nemaviri kana zvichienzaniswa nenguva imwe chete muna 12.8 uye yakasvika pamadhora mazana mapfumbamwe nemakumi mashanu neshanu. Izvi zvinoratidza mikana mikuru yekuwedzera kwekuwedzera kwekutengesa kweUzbek-Saudi munguva pfupi iri kutevera.

(Kuti uwane ruzivo: muna 2020, mutengo wekutengesa wakasvika madhora 27.4 miriyoni, zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika - $ 0.7m, zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika - $26.8m. Muna 2021, mutengo wekutengesa wakasvika $17.2m (-40%) (exports - $4.8m, kunze kwenyika - $12.4m. )

Mumakore mashanu apfuura, nhamba yemabhizinesi anoshanda muRepublic yeUzbekistan neSaudi capital, yakawedzera ka4.1 uye yakasvika makumi matatu nemasere (38 chete proprietors uye 19 majoint ventures).

Zvinoenderana nefungidziro yeCentre for Economic Research and Reforms pasi peDhipatimendi reMutungamiriri weRepublic of Uzbekistan (CERR), kushandira pamwe kwemaindasitiri nekuwedzera kwekugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvinodiwa zvichapa simba rakasimba mukufambisira mberi hukama hwenyika mbiri. Economic sphere kuitira kuwedzera kugadzirwa kwakabatana kwezvigadzirwa zvine kukosha kwakawedzerwa. Semuenzaniso, kubatanidzwa kwe "Saudi Aramco" mukutsvaga, kugadzira uye kugadzirisa mafuta uye gasi muUzbekistan.

Kutora chikamu kwemakambani eSaudi mukuita mapurojekiti makuru ekudyara munyika yedu kwakakosha zvikuru.

Pakupera kwa2021, huwandu hwekudyara muhupfumi hweUzbekistan hwakasvika kudarika bhiriyoni imwe nemazana mashanu emadhora.

Parizvino, mapurojekiti ane makambani anotungamira eSaudi se "Al-Habib Medical Group" uye "ACWA Power" akaitwa zvinobudirira uye ari kuitwa.

Nerubatsiro rwe "Al-Habib Medical Group", matekinoroji emazuva ano edhijitari uye centralization yeruzivo rwese rwezvekurapa uye maitiro ekudyidzana nevarwere ari kuunzwa muhutano hwehutano hweUzbekistan. Medical Academy ne "Al-Habib Medical Group" ichatangwa muUzbekistan kudzidziswa uye kudzidziswa kwepamusoro kwevashandi vekurapa. Inorongwawo kuvandudza hunyanzvi hwavo muzvipatara muKSA. Pamusoro pezvo, basa riri kuenderera mberi mukuitwa kwechirongwa chekudyara kugadzira nzvimbo yemazuva ano yekurapa yakawanda muTashkent zvinoenderana nemirairo yemakiriniki eKSA uye zvipatara zvine matekinoroji epamusoro uye emazuva ano.

Saudi Arabia yave imwe yemabhizimusi makuru ekunze mumapurojekiti ekuvandudza masimba emagetsi uye kugadzira "girinhi" simba mumatunhu eUzbekistan. Huwandu hwekudyara kweKSA kuburikidza ne "ACWA Power" muindasitiri ino inodarika madhora mazana maviri neshanu emadhora (iyo iripo mari yekudyara inosanganisira mapurojekiti mana).

Sezvinozivikanwa, Republic of Uzbekistan muna 2018 yakasimbisa Chibvumirano cheParis nechinangwa chekuvandudza masimba emagetsi ane hushamwari, aita kuzvipira kwakawanda kudzikisa kuburitswa kwegasi regreenhouse pachikamu cheGDP kusvika 10% panosvika 2030 zvichienzaniswa nehuwandu hwe2010.

Panyaya iyi, Ministry of Energy yeUzbekistan, "ACWA Power" uye "Air Products" (USA) yakasaina Chibvumirano Chakavhurika nezvekuvandudzwa kwesimba rinogoneka uye rehydrogen muRepublic yeUzbekistan. Sechikamu chekuitwa kwechirongwa ichi, pamwe neSaudi Arabia, zvakarongwa kuvaka gwenya remagetsi rinokwanisa 40-50 kW uye kukwezva nyanzvi shanu kubva kuKSA kuti dzidzidze mashandisirwo ehunyanzvi hutsva mukugadzira. hydrogen simba.

Pamusoro pezvo, pamwe neKSA, basa rakatanga pakuvaka kwemagetsi emagetsi emhepo (WPP) muRepublic of Karakalpakstan (ine huwandu hwakasanganiswa hwe1,500 MW), Bukhara neNavoi matunhu (1,000 MW). Maererano nenyanzvi, kutanga kwekushanda kweWPP muRepublic of Karakalpakstan kuchavhara magetsi anodiwa emamiriyoni mana emhuri uye inobhadhara mamiriyoni emamiriyoni e4 e carbon dioxide pagore. Muna Kukadzi wegore rino, kuvakwa kweWPP imwe ine huwandu hwe2.5 MW kwakatangwa muRepublic yeKarakalpakstan.

Sekureva kwenyanzvi dzeCERR, kushandiswa kwechiitiko cheKSA mukuchinja kuenda kune yakaderera-kabhoni hupfumi kuchaita mupiro wakakura mukuvandudza tekinoroji inochengetedza zvakatipoteredza uye ichaita kuti zvikwanisike kugadzira 25% yemagetsi kubva kumagetsi anovandudzwa panosvika 2030. Izvi, zvakare, ichave imwe nhanho mukuitwa kwemabasa ekuzadzisa Zvinangwa Zvekusimudzira zveUzbekistan iri kukurumidza kukura.

Chirongwa chekuvakwa kwe1,500 MW gwenya remagetsi emagetsi mudunhu reSyrdarya chiri kuitwa.

Uzbekistan nekambani yeSaudi "SABIC" iri kutanga kushanda pamwe chete, kureva, kuitwa kwezvirongwa zvekudyara munyika yedu vachishandisa MTO (methanol to olefins) uye MTP (methanol to propylene) tekinoroji, pamwe nemapurojekiti ekugadzira zvivakwa zvitsva zvekugadzira zvinogadzira makemikari. fetereza.

Kunyanya kutariswa kunopihwa kumapurojekiti ane chinangwa chekuona kuchengetedzwa kwechikafu. Tichifunga nezve ruzivo rwakapfuma rweSaudi Arabia, mapato ari kushanda mukuumbwa kweimwe nzvimbo yekuisa mari mumunda wekurima weUzbekistan uye kugadzirisa zvigadzirwa zvekurima, zvichipa kuunzwa kwehunyanzvi hwekuvandudza uye kuchengetedza mvura.

Chibvumirano chakaitwa nemakambani makuru eSaudi akadai se "Savola Group", "SALIC", "Almarai", "Tamimi Group" pakusikwa kwakabatana kwemagreenhouses epamusoro-soro uye michero nemiriwo kugadzira zvidyarwa muUzbekistan netarisiro yekutumira kunze. kumisika ine kudiwa kukuru.

MuUzbekistan, Homwe yeKugonesa kweMicroenterprises yakatangwa pamwe chete nerutsigiro rwemari rweIslamic Development Bank kutsigira mabhizinesi madiki nepakati.

Imwe nzira yakakosha yekuwedzera kuwedzera kweUzbek-Saudi Investment kudyidzana zvakare zvibvumirano pakati peHomwe yeKuwedzera kweEconomic Opportunities, yakavambwa muUzbekistan muna 2021 pamwe neIslam Development Bank, uye Saudi Development Fund, iyo yakatogovera. anenge madhora mazana maviri emamiriyoni ekuitwa kwemapurojekiti emagariro uye zvivakwa munyika yedu. Pamusoro pezvo, iyo State Investment Fund yeSaudi Arabia (imwe yemari hombe yehupfumi pasi rose ine hupfumi hwemadhora mazana matatu nemakumi mapfumbamwe emadhora) inotenda kuti kuisa mari muhupfumi hwenyika yedu inzvimbo inovimbisa yekubatana muchiedza chehukuru hukuru. Shanduko dzemagariro nehupfumi uye matanho ekuvandudza mamiriro ekudyara akaitwa pasi pehutungamiriri hweMutungamiriri weUzbekistan. Rutsigiro rwakakura rwemari mukuita shanduko yemagariro nehupfumi muUzbekistan inopiwa neSaudi Development Fund.

Mapato anobatirana mukuitwa kwezvikumbiro uye zvirongwa zveMutungamiri Shavkat Mirziyoyev, kunyanya, pakuvakwa kweMazar-I-Sharif-Herat njanji uye Surkhan-Puli-Khumri tambo dzekufambisa magetsi. Saudi Arabia yakatora chikamu mukutsigira mari yekuvakwa kwechikamu chemugwagwa mukuru weSamarkand-Guzar.

KSA neRepublic yeUzbekistan inopindirana mukati megadziriro yemukoridho wepasirese wekufambisa "Uzbekistan-Turkmenistan-Iran-Oman-Qatar", iyo inobvumira kusimbaradza kudyidzana kwehupfumi pakati penyika mbiri idzi, uye zvakare inobatsira mukuwaniswa kwenyika dzeCentral Asia kune pasirese. misika uye kusimbisa kubatana neGulf states, kusanganisira iyo KSA.

Muchirevo chechinyorwa chino, maererano nevashandi veCERR, zvakakosha kufunga kuti KSA ine musika wakakura wevatengi uye inopa mukana wakanaka kune vanotengesa kunze kweUzbek chikafu, machira (mbatya, makapeti, machira epamba) uye zvigadzirwa zvekurima (michero. , muriwo, nyemba, nezvimwewo).

Makambani akati wandei eSaudi ekufambisa anofarira kutumira vashanyi kubva kuKSA kuenda kuUzbekistan. Kunyanya, iyo yekufambisa agency Zahid Travel Group inoronga kuronga nzendo dzekuUzbekistan dzevashanyi kubva kumasangano ehurumende kana masangano akazvimirira. Izvi zvichafambiswa zvakare neMemorandum of Understanding pakati peUzbekistan Airways, JSC nendege yeFlynas pakusimudzira kushanya. Hurongwa hwekubatana pakati pemapazi ezvekushanyirwa kwenyika mbiri idzi huri kuvandudzwawo paine kusimbaradza kusimudzirwa kwekushanyirwa kwenharaunda.

Sekureva kwenyanzvi dzeCERR, kuitira kukwezva vashanyi kubva kuKSA kuenda kuUzbekistan, zvingaite kufunga nezvekutanga mubatanidzwa muUzbekistan nemakambani makuru eSaudi Arabia ekufambisa akadai seMasarat Adventure Club kupa mabasa emhando yepamusoro epasirese, pamwe chete. tora Roadmap yekubatana mukuzadzisa zvinangwa zvezvirongwa zvekusimudzira kushanya, zvinosanganisira kuchinjana kwemaitiro akanakisa (kusanganisira mugomarara echirongwa cheKSA Vision 2030), kudyidzana pakati pemakambani ekufambisa, kukwezva zvipo uye zviwanikwa zvemari mukusimudzira vashanyi. zvivakwa uye kugadzira nzvimbo.

Kudyidzana pakati penyika mundima yehukama hwevashandi kune tarisiro. Kuti izvi zviitike, mapato ari kufarira kusaina chibvumirano chepakati pehurumende pamusoro pekushandira pamwe mumunda wekutama kwevashandi vekunze, iyo inotsanangura nzvimbo dzekutanga dzekushandira pamwe kunoshanda pazvinhu zvebasa, zvichibva pane zvinodiwa zvevashandi vanokwanisa zviwanikwa mumamiriro ezvikamu zvebasa. hupfumi hwenyika mbiri idzi.

Pane mikana yekuwedzera kudyidzana kwenyika mbiri idzi mumunda wesainzi uye tekinoroji sechinhu chakakosha mukuvandudza kukwikwidza kwehupfumi hwenyika mbiri idzi. Izvi zvichafambiswa nekugadzwa kwehukama hwakananga pakati peTashkent Technopark neKing Abdulaziz Guta reSainzi neTekinoroji.

Hurukuro dzeUzbek-Saudi panguva yekushanya kweMutungamiri Shavkat Mirziyoyev kuHumambo hweSaudi Arabia dzine chinangwa chekusimbisa kudyidzana kwepasirese muminda yekutengeserana nekudyara, ruzivo rwehunyanzvi, zvemagetsi, biotechnology, simba, oiri negesi, gasi kemikari uye maindasitiri emakemikari. , maindasitiri emwenje uye ezvekudya, kugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvekuvakisa, kurima, hutano hwehutano nemishonga, kusanganisira pakuita misimboti yekudyidzana kweveruzhinji-yakavanzika.

Mamiriro ezvinhu akanaka akagadzirirwa kuswedera pedyo kwemabhizinesi enyika mbiri idzi uye hukama hwakananga pakati pevagadziri veUzbek neSaudi ndiyo hwaro hwekuwedzera kudzamisa kudyidzana kwebhizinesi uye kusimudzira kushandira pamwe kwemaindasitiri. Izvi zvichawedzera kugadzirwa kwakabatana kwezvigadzirwa zvine kukosha kwakawedzera, izvo zvinoumbwa nekuda kwehuwandu hwekushandisa mudzimba pamwe nekuwana misika yedunhu neyekunze.

Zvibvumirano zvakasvikwa zvichitevera kushanya uku zvichasimudza hukama hwakasiyana-siyana hweUzbek-Saudi kune imwe nhanho yebudiriro, kusanganisira kuvandudzwa kwezvishandiso zvekutsigira zvemari zvezvirongwa zvakabatana uye mapurojekiti, kusanganisira kusikwa kwemakambani ekudyara uye masangano emari muUzbekistan.

Mukhsinjon Kholmukhamedov, Mutevedzeri wemutungamiriri weCentre for Economic Research and Reforms pasi peKutonga kweMutungamiriri weUzbekistan.

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