Matarisiro ekutengeserana uye kudyidzana kwehupfumi pakati peUzbekistan neTurkmenistan

Turkmenistan muvakidzani wedu wepedyo uye yakaedzwa-yakaedzwa yakavimbika yehurongwa shamwari, iyo Uzbekistan yakabatana kwete chete neyakajairwa yemazana emakore ekare nhoroondo yakapfuma, kufanana kwemitauro, tsika, tsika uye tsika, kuswedera kwemweya uye tsika tsika, asiwo. nezvinzvimbo zvakafanana pazvinenge zvese zviri zviviri, zvedunhu nepasi rose zvenguva yedu, anonyora Obid Khakimov.

Chiratidzo chakajeka cheushamwari husingagumi, kubatana uye kushamwaridzana kwetsika dzevanhu ndiko kuvhurwa kwemugwagwa wakatumidzwa zita remudetembi weTurkmen, muzivi uye wekare wemabhuku Makhtumkuli uye bas-relief nemufananidzo wake muTashkent, kutangwa kweAshgabat Park muTashkent. , kugadzwa kweUzbek-Turkmen Friendship House uye Ulli Hovli complex munharaunda yeKhorezm kuUzbekistan.

Zvakare, Alisher Navoi Street yakavhurwa muguta guru reTurkmenistan, iyo inopindirana neMakhtumkuli Fraga Avenue.

A Republican Turkmen Cultural Center yakavambwa munyika yedu, iyo inobatanidza nzvimbo nhanhatu dzeTurkmen tsika munzvimbo dzakasiyana.

Vanenge 200 zviuru zveTurkmens vanogara muUzbekistan. Vanorarama murunyararo uye vachiwirirana nevamiririri vemamwe marudzi nemarudzi. Vana vanopfuura zviuru zvisere veTurkmen nationality vanodzidza muzvikoro makumi mana neshanu nedzidziso yemutauro weTurkmen, makwikwi akasiyana-siyana ekugadzira anorongwa ipapo kuitira kukurudzira zvizere vadzidzi vane tarenda. Chiitiko chepamusoro chevadzidzisi vepamusoro vanoitisa makirasi mumutauro weTurkmen inofarirwa.

High dynamics yehurongwa hwekudyidzana

Hukama hwemazuva ano huri pakati penyika mbiri hunoratidzwa nekusimba kukuru kwekusimudzira kwekudyidzana pakati penyika, izvo zvakavakirwa pazvisungo zveChibvumirano cheKuwedzera Kusimbiswa kweHushamwari Hukama uye Kubatanidzwa Kwakazara kwakasainwa muna 2007. Muna 2022, Uzbekistan neTurkmenistan dzinopemberera kusvitsa makore makumi maviri nemapfumbamwe kubva kugadzwa kwehukama hwekudyidzana.

Nhaurirano yakavhurika uye yekuvimbana pakati pevatungamiriri venyika mbiri idzi yave hwaro hwesimba rekubatana, rinoratidza nhanho nyowani yeUzbek-Turkmen hukama hwekudyidzana.

Kushanya kweMutungamiriri weRepublic yeUzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev kuTurkmenistan muna 2017 kwakavhura peji nyowani mukuvandudza hukama uye kudzika kwekubatana kwakawanda.

Nyika idzi dzine ruzivo rwakanaka mukugadzirisa nyaya dzekutonga kwemvura, izvo zvakabatsira kukudziridza nzvimbo yedunhu rose pamusoro pekushandiswa kwakanaka uye zvine musoro kwemvura yenzizi dzinoyambuka muCentral Asia, iyo inofunga nezvezvido zvenyika dzese mudunhu. Nyika mbiri idzi dzinotsigirawo kuvandudzwa kwemabasa eInternational Fund for Saving the Aral Sea uye vanoratidza chinangwa chavo chekushandira pamwe mukuzadzikiswa kweUN Convention yeKurwisa Desertification.

Kudyidzana, hupfumi uye mari yekudyidzana

Pane kuwedzera kunoonekwa kwezviratidzo zvekudyidzana kwehupfumi, kusimba kwekuedza pamwe chete kuti vawedzere kuwedzera.

Zvisinei nemhedzisiro yakaipa yepasi rose yedenda, shanduko yekutengeserana pakati penyika pakupera kwa2021 yakasvika madhora mazana mapfumbamwe nemakumi mapfumbamwe nemaviri emadhora. (kuwedzera kwe67.6% zvichienzaniswa ne2020) uye yakawedzera kashanu tichienzaniswa ne2017 ($ 177 mamiriyoni).

Kutengeswa kunze kwenyika kubva kuUzbekistan kuenda kuTurkmenistan kwakawedzera 2.4 nguva panguva iri kuongororwa: kubva pamadhora 79.5 miriyoni kusvika kumadhora 191.9 miriyoni (kuwedzera kwe52.2% zvichienzaniswa ne2020). Kutengeswa kunze kwenyika kubva kuTurkmenistan kwakawedzera 5.3 nguva: kubva pa$129.5 miriyoni kusvika pa$710.1 miriyoni ($72.36 miriyoni zvichienzaniswa ne2020).

Naizvozvo, Turkmenistan ndeimwe yegumi makuru ekutengesa eUzbekistan.

Muchimiro cheUzbekistan inotengeswa kunze kwenyika kuTurkmenistan muna 2021, chikamu chikuru chinogarwa nemasevhisi - $96.8 miriyoni, makemikari zvigadzirwa - 55 miriyoni, zvigadzirwa zvechikafu - $14.1 miriyoni, zvisiri zvechikafu zvigadzirwa - 9.1 miriyoni, zvinhu zvemaindasitiri - $8.8 miriyoni, mishonga. - $2.4 mamiriyoni.

Muchimiro cheUzbekistan inounzwa kubva kuTurkmenistan, chikamu chikuru chinoverengerwa mafuta, mafuta ekuzora, zvigadzirwa zvakafanana - $649.6 miriyoni, makemikari zvigadzirwa - $34.5 miriyoni, zvigadzirwa zvemaindasitiri - $13.9 miriyoni, michina nemidziyo - $2.5 miriyoni, masevhisi - 6.3 miriyoni.

Kuitwa kunoshanda kwezvibvumirano zvekutengeserana zvakasainwa zvichitevera mhedzisiro yezviitiko zvepamusoro-soro zvakaitwa kudonha kwekupedzisira zvichabvumira kuwedzera kutengeserana kwekutengesa kune imwe bhiriyoni yemadhora.

Kukura kwemavhoriyamu ekutengeserana kuchafambiswa zvakare nenzvimbo yekutengeserana yakabatana, iyo iri kutangwa munzvimbo ichangobva kusikwa yekutengeserana muganho, pamwe nezvibvumirano zvekutsiviwa kwezvinotengeswa kubva kunyika dzechitatu nezvigadzirwa zvinokwikwidza zvinogadzirwa muUzbekistan neTurkmenistan.

Kudyidzana kwekudyara kuri kusimukira zvine simba. Kwemakore mana apfuura, huwandu hwemabhizinesi nekutora chikamu kweTurkmen capital muUzbekistan yakakura kubva. 11 to 160.

Kune 61 makambani anoshanda munharaunda yeTurkmenistan nekutora chikamu kwevagari veUzbekistan, kusanganisira mabhizinesi eJSC UzAvtoSanoat uye UzAgroTehSanoatHolding. (kutumira kunze kwemotokari nemichina yekurima, zvichiteerana).

Kune hwaro hwakanaka hwekusimbaradza kushandirapamwe kwemaindasitiri uye kugadzirwa kwecheni dzakakwana dzinosanganisira zvivakwa zvekugadzira zvakamisikidzwa pamatunhu enyika mbiri idzi. Munzvimbo ino, tichifunga nezve kugona kweUzbekistan, machira, kuvaka, makemikari, mota uye maindasitiri emagetsi, zvekurima zviri kuita zvakanyanya kukosha kumapato.

Kuitwa kwezvirongwa zvakabatana

Iyo Uzbek-Turkmen Interregional Forum yakaitwa nguva pfupi yadarika muBukhara, musangano weBusiness Council of Chambers of Commerce and Industry uye kuratidzwa kwekugona kwekugadzira kwenyika mbiri idzi kwakanangana nekusimbisa kudyidzana kwematunhu kuburikidza nenhaurirano yakananga pakati pematunhu emuganho. Kubata maforamu ematunhu eUzbekistan neTurkmenistan pagore kuchava mutyairi mutsva wekukura kwekubatana kwehupfumi.

Izvi zvichafambiswa zvakare nechibvumirano chepakati pehurumende pamusoro pekumisikidzwa kwemisangano yekutengeserana, iyo yakagadzira nzira yekuwedzera kudyidzana pakati pezvimiro zvehupfumi hwenyika mbiri idzi, kusanganisira kure munguva chaiyo.

Kufambiswa kwemashoko

Muna 2021, kutakura zvinhu zvepasi rese pakati peUzbekistan neTurkmenistan kwakasvika matani 2 miriyoni, kuwedzera kwe18% zvichienzaniswa ne2020, kusanganisira nechitima - 1.7 miriyoni matani, nemugwagwa - 0.3 miriyoni matani.

Kutakurwa kwezvinhu kuenda kuTurkmenistan uye kune mhiri kunoitwa kuburikidza nemigwagwa mikuru yeUzbekistan. Zvakare, kuyerera kukuru kwekutakura kwezvinhu zveUzbek kunoitwa kuburikidza nenharaunda yeTurkmenistan kusvika kumiganhu yeIran, uyezve kumahombekombe ePersian Gulf. Mapato ari kushanda pamwechete kuti awedzere kugona kweUzbekistan-Turkmenistan-Caspian Sea-South Caucasus nzira yekufambisa. Iyi corridor yakagadzirirwa kupa mukana kuBlack Sea ports yeGeorgia, Turkey, Romania nedzimwe nyika.

Kubatanidzwa kwehurongwa hwekukurukurirana kwenyika mbiri idzi kunobvumira kwete chete kuita kutakura kutakura zvinhu kuburikidza nenharaunda dzedu, asiwo kupa nguva pfupi kupinda mumisika yenyika dzeAsia-Pacific, Middle East, Persian Gulf uye. Europe.

Iyi inzira yepasirese multimodal nzira "Asia-Pacific nyika - China - Kyrgyzstan - Uzbekistan - Turkmenistan - Azerbaijan - Georgia - Europe (kuburikidza nechiteshi chengarava cheTurkmenbashi)," pamwe neanozivikanwa ekufambisa corridors: "Russia - Kazakhstan - Uzbekistan - Turkmenistan - Iran - Oman - India; Uzbekistan - Turkmenistan - Caspian Sea - South Caucasus, mberi - Bulgaria, Romania, Hungary nedzimwe nyika dzeEurope; Uzbekistan - Turkmenistan - Iran - Turkey - Bulgaria.

Kuitwa kwemapurojekiti makuru ezvivakwa seTermez-Mazar-i-Sharif-Kabul-Peshawar uye Kerki-Akina-Andkhoy nzira dzenjanji dzichabatsira mukusimudzira kugona kwekufambisa kwenyika mbiri idzi uye kugadzira mamiriro akanaka kune akawanda. kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwekutakura zvinhu kuburikidza neTurkmenistan neUzbekistan kuenda kunyika dzeSouthern neCentral Europe, Middle East, South neSouth-East Asia. Izvi zvichafambiswa zvakare nekuwedzera kushandiswa kweiyo yakasarudzika mukana wechiteshi chengarava cheTurkmenbashi uye kuvhurwa kwakazara kwemukoridho wekutakura multimodal padivi peUzbekistan-Turkmenistan-Caspian Sea nzira uye nekupfuura nemuBlack Sea zviteshi zvine mukana wekuenda kuEurope.

Nyika dzedu dzinokoshesa kusimudzira hupfumi hwenyika hweAfghanistan, kuita mapurojekiti ekufambisa akakosha mudunhu uye nekupa magetsi kune vagari vayo. Mupiro unoshanda mune izvi kwaive kushanda kwakabudirira kwenjanji yeHairaton-Mazar-i-Sharif, njanji yeAkina-Andkhoy, pamwe neSurkhan-Puli-Khumri, Kerki-Imamnazar-Andkhoy, Serkhethabat-Herat, Rabatkashan- Kalainau uye Kerki-Shibirgan magetsi tambo. Ese mapurojekiti akakosha aya achaita kuti kuve nerunyararo nekugadzikana muAfghanistan.

Iyo iripo yakakura sisitimu yekufambisa nhaurirano pakati penyika mbiri idzi, kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwenzvimbo dzekuyambuka uye kugadzirwa kwemutero wakanaka uye usiri wemutero mamiriro anovimbisa kukura kwekutakura zvinhu zvekondinendi uye kusimbisa kubatana kwekufambisa uye kugona kwekufambisa kweiyo nyika. nyika mbiri uye yese yeCentral Asia.

Strategic direction - energy sector

Munzvimbo iyi, pamwe nekudyidzana kwenyika mbiri idzi, isu tinoshingairirawo kutora chikamu muzvirongwa zvepasi rose. Turkmenistan yange ichipa gasi rechisikigo kuChina kuburikidza neUzbekistan neKazakhstan kubvira 2009. Muchirevo chechinyorwa chino, Turkmenistan-Uzbekistan-Kazakhstan-China pombi huru yegasi inoita basa rakakosha mukuona kugadzikana kwedunhu uye budiriro inoenderera. Pamusoro pezvo, matunhu ese ari maviri anodyidzana mune yakakura dunhu rekupa magetsi chirongwa Turkmenistan - Uzbekistan - Tajikistan- Afghanistan-Pakistan ("TUTAP").

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Hukama huri pakati peUzbekistan neTurkmenistan hunoratidzwa nekukura kwekusangana kwezvido munzvimbo dzakadai sekuvandudzwa kwekutengeserana kwedunhu, kufambisa, kutakura uye kugona kwesimba, pamwe nekuona kuchengetedzwa kwedunhu.

Muchirevo chechinyorwa chino, kushanya kwenyika kweMutungamiriri weTurkmenistan Serdar Berdimuhamedov kuUzbekistan kunova kuenderera kune musoro kwenhaurirano dzinoshanda uye dzinoshanda padanho repamusoro. Chine chinangwa zvakare pakusimbaradza nhanho yakaitwa yehukama hwenyika mbiri hunobva pamisimboti yehushamwari hwemazana emakore, muvakidzani akanaka, kuvimbana nekutsigirana, nhaurirano dzezvematongerwo enyika dzinovaka; kuwedzera kudyidzana kwekutengeserana, hupfumi nekudyara mari; kudzamisa hukama hwetsika nerubatsiro.

Mhedzisiro yehurukuro dzepamusoro-soro ichabatsira mukusimbaradza kwakazara uye kuwedzera kwehukama hwekudyidzana mumweya wehushamwari hwemazana emakore, kuvakidzana kwakanaka uye kutsigirana kwehama dzeUzbek neTurkmen.

Kuwedzera kudzika kwekudyidzana kwenyika mbiri kuchashanda kusimbisa runyararo, kugadzikana uye kuona budiriro yepasi rose mudunhu reCentral Asia.

Obid Khakimov
Director weCentre for Economic Research and Reforms pasi peKutonga kweMutungamiriri weRepublic yeUzbekistan.

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