Mataurirwo eUzbek anofanirwa kunzwika muchiitiko chepasi rose

Mushure mekutevedzana kwenhaurirano dzeCentre for Economic Research and Reforms pasi peKutonga kwemutungamiri weRepublic of Uzbekistan (CERR) neJ-PAL nebazi rayo reEuropean J-PAL Europe, rwendo rwevamiriri vavo kuUzbekistan rwakarongwa musi. 10-11 Chivabvu, anonyora Feruzbek Davletov, CERR.

Chinangwa cherwendo urwu chaive chekumisikidza hukama hwepedyo, kuwedzera mukana wekutsvagisa wemakurukota nemadhipatimendi erepublic, kujekesa dzimwe nzvimbo dzinokosha dzekurwisa hurombo uye kuona tarisiro dzekuwedzera kudyidzana mumunda wekutsvaga pamwe chete nezvekuchengetedzwa kwevanhu, basa, bhizinesi. , dzidzo, nezvimwewo.

MuUzbekistan J-PAL yakamiririrwa neJ-PAL Europe Policy Director Killian Nolan, Evidence Scaling Manager kuJ-PAL Global uye Policy Manager kuJ-PAL Europe Kate Petersen uye Senior Policy Nyanzvi kuJ-PAL Europe Anna Lazzarin.

Kugona kwekudyidzana kwekutsvaga

Iyo Abdul Latif Jamil Poverty Action Laboratory (J-PAL) inzvimbo yekutsvagisa yepasi rose inoshanda mukuderedza urombo ichishandisa tsvakiridzo yakabatanidzwa. J-PAL yakavambwa muna 2003 kuMassachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) naPurofesa Abhijit Banerjee, Esther Duflo naSendhil Mullainathan nechinangwa chekuchinja nzira yepasi rose kumatambudziko ehurombo hwepasirese.

Nhasi, vashandi vepakati veJ-PAL vanosanganisira vanopfuura mazana mana nyanzvi kubva munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana mumahofisi manomwe pasirese. Pamusoro pezvo, marabhoritari ine network ye400 akabatana mapurofesa kumayunivhesiti akasiyana-siyana pasi rose vanoita zvinodaidzwa kuti “randomized controlled trials” (RCT) – kuyedza kwesainzi ine chinangwa chekuona hukama hunokonzera pakati pekupindira uye mhedzisiro, semuenzaniso, kuedza kubudirira kwehupfumi hwezvirongwa zvehurumende zvakasiyana.

MuRCT, vatori vechikamu vanogoverwa zvisina tsarukano (ne randomisation) pakati pemapoka. Izvo zvinonzi "boka rekuedza" richabatanidza avo vanozogamuchira zvakananga purogiramu itsva yezvemagariro evanhu, zvichienzaniswa ne "boka rekutonga", kune avo vatori vechikamu chimiro chicharamba chiripo. Kuiswa uku, zvichienderana nemamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, kunopa nhamba yekutonga pamusoro pezvipindiro, zvichibvumira kunyatsoenzanisa mapoka uye kuongorora kukanganisa kwekupindira kubva pakuona kwehutano hwehupfumi.

Zvidzidzo zvakadaro zvakaita kuti J-PAL ive mutungamiri wepasi rose mukuita ongororo dzemhando yepamusoro. Zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti J-PAL yakaita ongororo dzinodarika chiuru chimwe munyika makumi mapfumbamwe pamusoro penhoroondo yese yekuvapo kwayo pamisoro yakawanda kubva pakupa mvura yekunwa yakachena kusvika kumari shoma yehuwandu hwevanhu uye kudzivirira kuparwa kwemhosva. Basa revashandi vekutsvagisa vane basa rekuvandudza kwakaringana maturusi ekuongorora, kuunganidza data uye kuongorora kwenhamba kwakakosha zvikuru pano.

Pamusoro pekutsvagisa kumunda, J-PAL inoramba ichitsigira kusikwa kwezviwanikwa zvekutsvagisa munzvimbo yeruzhinji uye inopa ma grants nerubatsiro rwehunyanzvi kune vanobatana navo. Raibhurari yaro yakakura yezviwanikwa ine madhairekitori akasiyana, maturusi ekuongorora, ongororo, kukodha, uye mienzaniso yenyaya.

J-PAL, pamwe chete neDhipatimendi reEconomics reMIT, inoitisawo makosi akasimbiswa eMicroMasters akatarisana nekusimudzira uye kuita ongororo yakasarudzika yekuongorora kushanda kwezvirongwa zvevanhu. Kunyanya, akateedzana makosi mashanu epamhepo ane chinangwa chekuwana hwaro hwakasimba mune microeconomics, kusimudzira hupfumi uye manhamba nekusimbisa kune inoshanda hunyanzvi hwekuongorora data.

Nekudaro, nekuda kwezviitwa zveJ-PAL, dhatabhesi rakakura rakagadzirwa, rinogara richivandudzwa nekutsvagisa pamhando dzakasiyana dzemisoro inopa mupiro wakakura kusainzi yemagariro.

A profile workshop

Sechikamu cherwendo rweJ-PAL nyanzvi kuenda kuUzbekistan, musangano wemazuva maviri wesainzi uye nzira wakarongwa kune vamiriri vematare akakodzera uye madhipatimendi erepublic, kusanganisira Ministry of Economic Development uye Kuderedza Hurombo, Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Higher Education, Ministry of Public Education, Ministry of Preschool Education, Ministry of Health, Ministry of Agriculture, the Agency for Labor and Entrepreneurship Development Makhallabay, Institute of Forecasting uye Macroeconomic Research, Institute of Labor Market Research, The State Statistics Committee nevamwe.

Munguva yemusangano, nyanzvi dzeJ-PAL dzakaratidza kuvateereri nzira dzakanakisisa dzepasi rose uye nzira dzekurwisa urombo. Kunyanya, kusimbisa kuchengetedzwa kwevanhu uye kutarisa, kuvandudza kunaka kwezvirongwa zvekudzidzisa mumusika wevashandi, kutsigira kukura kwemabhizimisi maduku, kuwedzera kuwana dzidzo yepamusoro-soro, nezvimwe. Munguva yewekishopu, vatori vechikamu vakaunzwa kune izvo zvekutanga zvemaitiro ezviyedzo zvekudzora zvisina tsarukano zvichibva pane zvakaitika kuPeru, India, South Africa, Indonesia, Saudi Arabia neTurkey. Pakupera kwemusangano, vatori vechikamu vakapihwa zvitupa.

Musangano uyu wapa mukana kune mapato kuti vakurukure ruzivo rweJ-PAL mukurwisa hurombo kuburikidza nekugadzira mitemo ine humbowo. Vatori vechikamu vakaunzwa nemapurogiramu makuru ekuchengetedzwa kwevanhu munyika uye mhedzisiro yekuongorora kwavo.

Misangano uye ongororo

Pamusoro pezvo, pakudzidza kwakadzama kwemamiriro azvino muUzbekistan neJ-PAL Europe nyanzvi uye nekugadzwa kwekudyidzana kunobatsirana, nhevedzano yemisangano yenyanzvi nevamiriri vehurumende nemadhipatimendi vanobatanidzwa zvakananga mukugadzira marongero ekuderedza urombo. mu republic zvakarongwa. Munguva yemisangano iyi, nzvimbo dzakafanana dzekusangana kwezvido zvakawanikwa uye tarisiro dzekuwedzera kudyidzana kunobatsira dzakatemwa. Panguva imwecheteyo, nhume dzeJ-PAL Europe dzakacherechedza zvikuru basa rehurumende mundima yemagariro evanhu. Zvinokurudzirwa kubhadhara zvakanyanya kune chidzidzo chechiitiko chepasi rose mukurwisana nehurombo hwekufunga muzvirongwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvehurumende.

Chirongwa cherwendo urwu chaisanganisirawo kushanyira "Monomarkaz: Ishga Marhamat" (mono-center yekudzidza nekushanda) muguta reTashkent kuitira kuti tizive zvakadzama nezvebasa rekuona kuti vanhu vasingashandi vawanikwa. Sekureva kwevamiriri veJ-PAL Europe, iyo pfungwa yekugadzira nzvimbo dzakadai dzekudzidzisa makosi ehunyanzvi munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana, kupa rubatsiro mukutama kwakarongeka kwevashandi uye mamwe makosi enguva pfupi pamusoro pebhizimusi ndeimwe yemapoinzi akakosha mukurwisa hurombo muUzbekistan. , uye mabasa avo anocherechedzwa se "anoshamisa".

Kufarira kwakakosha

Nyanzvi dzainyanya kufarira iyo ichangoburwa institution yevabatsiri kune khokims mumakhallas. Kuti vawedzere kujairana nemabasa avo, rwendo rwekuenda kuMakhalla "Hazora" muguta reSamarkand rakarongwa. Pano, vamiririri veJ-PAL Europe vakakwanisa kuona kukosha kwesangano iri pachavo uye kunyatsoziva nezve arsenal yezvishandiso zvevabatsiri kune khokims. Kunyanya, nyanzvi dzakazivana nevabatsiri vepamhepo papuratifomu yekushanda nevanhu uye vamiriri vebhizinesi. Panguva imwecheteyo, zvirongwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvekubatsira zvakatsanangurirwa kwavari zvakadzama, kusanganisira kupa zvikwereti zvakasarudzwa, kugoverwa kwevhu, kudzidziswa mune mono-centers nezvimwe. Kuitwa kwekugadzwa kwevabatsiri kune khokims munyika yose uye mabasa avo nenyanzvi akaongororwa seasina analogues pasi rose.

Ihwo hutsva uhu, nekuda kwekutanga, hunogona kuve nhanho inotevera yekudyidzana pakati peAbdul Latif Jamil Poverty Action Laboratory neUzbekistan. Kunyanya, nyaya dzekutanga tsvakiridzo yemumunda nekubatanidzwa kwevanobatana neJ-PAL vaongorori mumakhallas murepublic yose yakasimudzwa. Izvo zvinofadza nesainzi kuongorora maitiro ezvirongwa zvakasiyana-siyana kubatsira vanhu uye bhizinesi, mhedzisiro yacho inogona kubatsira mukugadzirisa nekuvandudza kushanda kweiyo institution yevabatsiri kune khokims.

Zvakaiswa pokutanga

Kushanya kwevamiriri vesangano rine mukurumbira pasi rose kuUzbekistan nderimwe rematanho akakosha ekusimbaradza kugona kwekutsvagisa kwerepublic mukurwisa hurombo. Pane kugara uchichinjana ruzivo pakati pemaminiti akakodzera nemadhipatimendi neJ-PAL. Chibvumirano chakaitwa pakuumbwa kwegwaro rekutanga remitemo yemagariro kukwezva vanobatana nevanoongorora marabhoritari pasi rese kutsvagiro yemumunda muUzbekistan.

Tichifunga kuti Uzbekistan iri padanho rekutanga rekugadzira nzira dzakabatanidzwa dzekurwisa urombo, kudzidza kweJ-PAL tsvakiridzo maitiro uchishandisa humbowo, mashandisirwo emhando yepamusoro yekuongorora maitiro ezvirongwa zvakasiyana uye kugadzirwa kwemitemo yemagariro akakodzera chinhu chakakosha. ruzivo rwevashandi vehurumende nemadhipatimendi erepublic.

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