Operation Forrest Gump: Bhangi reUkraine rakazoshandiswa senyika rakava nzvimbo yekuwachisa mari

Ongororo yekurwisa huori yakaitwa neHofisi yeMutungamiri weUkraine ichitaura nezvehutungamiriri hweSense Bank yehurumende yakamutsa mibvunzo iri kure nekubviswa kwemari yeUAH mamiriyoni zana nemakumi mashanu (150 UAH) muchivande. Zviri munjodzi ndere kutongwa kwezvinhu zvakatorwa nenyika, kuzvitonga kwemasangano ekurwisa huori muUkraine, kurongwa kwekushandiswa kwebhangi semakambani ega, kugadzwa kwedare repasi rose rinokosha kupfuura bhiriyoni remadhora uye kuvimbika kweKyiv sezvo ichifambira mberi zvakanyanya muhurukuro dzekupinda muEU.

Vhiki imwe chete mushure mekunge vaongorori vezvehuori vekuUkraine vaburitsa chirongwa chine zita risingafungidzike rekuti "Forrest Gump", nyaya iyi yave imwe yenyaya dzehutongi dzakanyanya kukuvadza Ukraine munguva yehondo.

Pakati payo pane mubvunzo uri nyore uye unonyengera: Mari yeUAH mamiriyoni zana nemakumi mashanu — inosvika mamiriyoni matatu nehafu emadhora ($3.4 miriyoni) — yakashandiswa kusunungura aimbova Gurukota rezvemitemo nemagetsi Herman Halushchenko nechikwereti, chikamu chikuru chenyaya yehuori huru yehurumende yeZelensky, yakabva kupi?

Mhinduro yakataurwa neNational Anti-Corruption Bureau yeUkraine, NABU, neSpecialised Anti-Corruption Prosecutor's Office, SAPO, inoshamisa.

Vaongorori vanoti mari yakawanikwa nemapurisa pasi pekutarisirwa uye kutungamirirwa nemaoko kwemutevedzeri wemukuru weHofisi yemutungamiri weUkraine Iryna Mudra yakachinjwa kuita mari inoratidzika kunge iri pamutemo kuburikidza nemakambani akawanda nemaakaundi ebhangi. Mari yacho yakabva kune mumwe munhu anofungidzirwa kuti ndiye ane mhosva yehuori Timur Mindich, shamwari yepedyo yaMutungamiri Zelensky, uye chinangwa chaive chekubhadharisa mari yechibatiso kune mumwe munhu anofungidzirwa kuti ari mukuferefeta kweOperation Midas pamusoro pehuori hwaipomerwa hwakapoteredza kambani yenyukireya yehurumende yeEnergoatom.

Nhoroondo yepamutemo yeNABU inoti nhengo dzesangano rematsotsi, vachishanda nevamiriri nevakuru vebhangi rehurumende, vakaronga kubvisirwa kweUAH mamiriyoni zana nemakumi mashanu muna Chikumi 2026. Mari iyi inonzi yakaunzwa muhurongwa hwemari hwepamutemo kuburikidza nemaakaundi emakambani ekutengesa zvinhu zvisina kubhadharwa isati yashandiswa kubhadhara mari yechibatiso.

Humbowo hwakanyanya kuburitswa neNABU hausi kungoendeswa kubhangi chete asi kutaura kwaMudra pachake, izvo zvinopa mufananidzo wakakura. Mune imwe nhaurirano yakarekodhwa, izwi rechikadzi rinonzi rakataurwa naro rinoti: “Uori hunofanira kugadziriswa uye kudzorwa… Hapana chikonzero chekuhurwisa.” Murume anotaura naye anowedzera kuti: “Uye hutungamirire.” Izvi zvakataurwa nemumwe wevakuru vakuru vekuUkraine vane basa rekugadzirisa nyaya dzematare. Asi mashoko ake pachake anonyanya kushungurudza, achiratidza huori kwete sekushungurudzwa kunofanira kubviswa asi sehurongwa hunofanira kurongwa uye kuchengetwa pasi pehutungamiriri hwezvematongerwo enyika.

Mamwe marekodhi anoratidza Mudra achitaura nezveSense Bank yehurumende, uko kwakaitika basa iri rekutsvaga mari, sechinhu chakakosha chekuva pasi pehutongi hwezvematongerwo enyika uye kushandiswa mukusimudzira. Anorondedzera hurongwa hwakarongwa hwekuti vezvematongerwo enyika vebato reZelensky Servant of the People varege kurwisa bhangi uku "Sense Bank ichifanira kuvabhadhara", uye anotaura murairo waakagamuchira kubva kumusoro wekuti "vatore bhangi" nekuti rine "mari yakakomba". Anobva atsanangura mamaneja aro sevanhu vanoteerera mitemo vaizotakura mari chero kupi kwavakarairwa nemukuru weHofisi yeMutungamiriri, achiwedzera kuti "vakanga vafamba" vachienda kwaari "sevana vekatsi" vachikumbira kuti vaendeswe pasi pekuchengetedzwa.

Zvinyorwa zvakaburitswa neNABU Zvinoitawo sekuti Mudra anotsanangura nezvekudzivirirwa kubva kumasangano anofanirwa kuferefeta maitiro akadaro. Anobvunza kuti angavhotera sei "vakwikwidzi vedu" kuNABU's Public Oversight Council uye anotsanangura mukuru weSAP Oleksandr Klymenko se "asiri mumwe wedu," achinyevera kuti kana akawana temu yechipiri, "tose tichapenga." Kana zvabatanidzwa, mazwi aya anoratidza chimwe chinhu chakakura kupfuura kutora chikamu mukutengeserana kumwe chete kunofungirwa: kuedza kudzora bhangi rehurumende uku uchipesvedzera masangano anokwanisa kuferefeta kutonga ikoko. Kana zvikasimbiswa uye zvakasimbiswa mumamiriro ezvinhu, zvinopa humbowo hwakananga husingawanzoitika hwekubatwa kwezvematongerwo enyika uye kuziva kwekutadza. Mudra anoramba maitiro emhosva uye anoti zvidimbu zvakaburitswa zvakasarudzika uye zvisina mamiriro azvo akazara.

Kutora bhangi  

Zvakabuda pachena zvinoshamisa muzvinhu zvakawanda uye zvichave nesimba kwemakore anotevera. Chimwe chezvinhu zvinoshamisa ndechekushandiswa kweSense Bank yehurumende semuchina wekubvisa mari.

Sense Bank ine mutoro usingawanzoitiki wezvematongerwo enyika nemutemo. Kusvika muna 2022 yaizivikanwa seAlfa-Bank Ukraine uye yaive nemakambani kuburikidza nehurongwa hwemakambani ane chekuita neABH Holdings. Pakati pevane migove vanobatsira paive nemabhizinesi ekuRussia anosanganisira Mikhail Fridman naPetr Aven.

Ukraine yakazoisa zvirango, uye muna Chikunguru 2023, hurumende yakatora Sense Bank kuita mugove wenyika. Bazi rezvemari reUkraine rinoti danho iri raive rekuchengetedza kugadzikana kwemari nekudzivirira vanoisa mari mushure mekunge zvirango zvaiswa kune vane masheya makuru. Nhasi nyika ine 100% yebhangi iri.

Saka raive risiri bhangi rezvekutengeserana rakajairika rainzi raishandiswa. Raiva pfuma iyo Ukraine yakanga yatora kuti ive yavose panguva yehondo, zvakanyanya nekuda kwekunetseka nezvekuchengetedzwa kwenyika kwaivepo pakuva yavo yekare.

Mashoko akaongororwa neEU Reporter anotsanangura izvi sechinhu chakakosha chenyaya iyi: mushure mekugadziriswa kwenyika, kupomerwa hakusi kwekungoti vanhu vane huori vaiita kutengeserana kuburikidza neSense Bank, asi kuti simba rezvematongerwo enyika rakatanga zvishoma nezvishoma pamusoro pehutongi hwesangano iri.

Nyaya iyoyo ichiri kupikiswa uye haina kusimbiswa nedare. Asi magwaro akaburitswa neNABU uye akataurwa zvakanyanya neKyiv Independent nedzimwe nhau dzeUkraine dzinotungamira anomutsa mibvunzo yakaoma kuti zviremera zveUkraine zvifuratire. Kyiv Independent yakashuma musi wa22 Nyamavhuvhu kuti zvinyorwa zveKomiti Yekusarudzwa kwemukati zvakaratidza kuedza kuumba bhodhi rekutarisira reSense Bank mushure mekugadzwa kwenyika. Pepanhau rakashuma kuti Iryna Mudra, panguva iyoyo mutevedzeri wemukuru weHofisi yaMutungamiriri wenyika uye sachigaro wekomiti yaibatanidzwa mukusarudza nhengo dzebhodhi rekutarisira, akasimudzira zvakanyanya Mykola Hladyshchenko kuti ave mubhodhi pasinei nekupikisa pamusoro pehunyanzvi, kusawirirana kwezvido uye basa rekare. Hladyshchenko akazova sachigaro webhodhi rekutarisira.

Ongororo iyi yakataurawo nezvehurukuro dzakaburitswa kare umo vanhu vaida kukwikwidza mubhodhi vakanzi "vanhu vedu". Vanhu vatanhatu vanonzi vakakurukurwa nezvazvo vakazogadzwa. EU Reporter haina kubvumidza marekodhi iwayo kana maminiti ekomiti akaburitswa, saka zviri mukati mawo zvinofanira kuramba zvichitaurwa nezvemabhuku aakawana.

Zvisinei, ikozvino masangano ekudzivirira huori akagadzwa nerutsigiro nenhungamiro yeEU anopa zvavakawana zvichiratidza kuti bhangi iri rakabatwa nemaune nekuda kwezvikonzero zvemhosva. NABU inoti pakutanga kwaChikumi 2026, vanonzi varongi vakanga vawana simba rekutonga reSense Bank, zvichivabvumira kushandisa maakaundi emabhizinesi aidzorwa muchirongwa chekuwacha mbatya. Kupomerwa uku kwakonzera kutorwa kwematanho epamusoro emitemo yemari.

Mabhegi emari, makambani emari uye dhiri rebhangi

Mashandiro aitaurwa ebasa iri airatidzika kunge nyaya yemhosva inotyisa kupfuura kuferefeta kwekutevedzera mitemo yebhangi. Sekureva kwezvinyorwa zvekuferefeta zvakaunganidzwa mugwaro rekwakabva uye mishumo yakatevera yekuUkraine, mari inonzi yaiunganidzwa kuburikidza nemabhizinesi ane hukama neaimbova nhengo yeparamende uye mugadziri webhizinesi Maksym Mykytas isati yatsinhaniswa kana kuendeswa kuburikidza nemakambani anokwanisa kuisa mari isiri yemari muhurongwa hwebhangi.

Mashoko aya anotsanangura kutumirwa kwemari mumabhegi nemabhokisi, zvichiendeswa kumakambani anosanganisira Metrobud nedzimwe sangano, uye hurukuro pamusoro pekuti kutengeserana kunogona sei kupasa kudzora kwemari.

Hurongwa hweUkraine hwekurambidza kubiwa kwemari hwakaisa mutemo weUAH 400,000 wezvimwe zvisungo zvekutarisa zvemari, pamwe chete nezvinodiwa zvakawanda zvinoenderana nenjodzi. Zvingave zvisina kururama kutaura kuti muripo wese uri pamusoro peUAH 400,000 unorambidzwa otomatiki; asi, mabhanga anotarisirwa kuona, kuongorora uye kana zvichidikanwa kushuma kutengeserana zvichienderana nemitemo uye zvinodiwa nenjodzi.

Saka kukosha kwenyaya yeNABU hakusi kungori kukura kwemari yabhadharwa. Vanoongorora vanoti vanhu vari mukutengeserana uku vaikurukura zvakasimba kuti vangakunda sei kana kuti vadzivise zvipingamupinyi zvekutevedzera mitemo. Zvinyorwa zvakaburitswa zvinosanganisira hurukuro yemukuru weSense Bank uyo anogona kudzivirira kutengeserana uku. Mudra mune imwe rekodhi anoti akagamuchira chikumbiro "kubva kumusoro" chekudzinga mukuru webhangi uyo anoramba kubvisa kutengeserana uku. Chirongwa chakaburitswa neNABU chinopa mufananidzo unoshamisa: kuti kuendesa mari kuendeswe, zvirongwa zvekutarisa otomatiki zvebhangi zvakabviswa kwenguva pfupi panguva yekutengeserana uku.

Idzo imhosva dzeNABU dzakaendeswa kudare. Asi hurumende yeUkraine yakatozvibata zvakakomba zvekuti yakatora matanho nekukasika. Izvi zvinosimbisa kuti kupomerwa kweNABU kwakasimba. 

Kuchengetedza chiso

Musi wa19 Nyamavhuvhu, Cabinet yakamisa sachigaro webhodhi revatariri Mykola Hladyshchenko kwemwedzi mitanhatu uye yakatanga kumisa sachigaro webhodhi revatariri Oleksii Stupak. Bazi rezvemari rakataura pachena kuti kupindira kwaro kwakagadzirirwa kugadzirisa njodzi dzinosanganisira kushandiswa kweSense Bank mukuchenesa mari uye kusatarisira zvakakwana maitiro eAML.

Zuva rakatevera, Gavhuna weNational Bank of Ukraine Andriy Pyshnyi akaenderera mberi. NBU yakagumisa kuti Hladyshchenko akanga asisakwanise kuzadzisa zvinodiwa nemutemo zvekuzvimiririra kuti munhu ave nhengo yebhodhi revatariri uye yakavhura matanho ekuongorora kukodzera kwebhodhi rese. Musi wa21 Nyamavhuvhu, hurumende yakagumisa masimba aHladyshchenko zvachose. Maitiro aya ekutonga anokosha nekuti anoshandura nyaya iyi kubva pakupomerwa mhosva yemunhu kuita kutadza kwekutonga kwemakambani nekutarisira mabhangi.

Sense Bank pachayo yakati iri kushanda pamwe chete nevakuru vakuru. Mushure mekutsvaga kweNABU, bhangi iri rakati raida kuti mamiriro acho ezvinhu asimbiswe "zvakazara uye zvisina kwazvakarerekera" uye raive richipa vaongorori ruzivo rwaidiwa pasi pemitemo.

Asi mubvunzo mukuru wakasiyana. Kwatove nekupomerwa kwakawanda kwekushandiswa kwebhangi reSense rakaiswa munyika nekuda kwehuori kana zvirongwa zvemumvuri. Kuziviswa kweNABU hakuna kubva pasina uye kwaisava nyaya yakasiyana. MuNABU yapfuura nekuferefetwa kwenhau, chokwadi chinoshamisa chekuti bhangi rakashandiswa sei chakataurwa. Zvakaitika sei kuti munguva yehondo mushure mekuita kuti rimwe remabhanga makuru rive renyika, rigone kushanduka kuita muchina wekubvisa mari?

Basa reHofisi yeMutungamiri wenyika

Munhu anonyanya kufungidzirwa kuti ndiye anonyanya kupomerwa mhosva ndiIryna Mudra. Mudra akashanda semutevedzeri wemukuru weHofisi yaMutungamiri wenyika uye aive nebasa renyaya huru dzemutemo nematare, kusanganisira nzira dzepasi rose dzine chekuita nechisimba cheRussia uye kuchengetwa kwemidziyo yeRussia. Mutungamiri Volodymyr Zelenskyy akamudzinga musi wa19 Nyamavhuvhu. Mutemo weMutungamiri wenyika Nhamba 734/2026 unosimbisa kudzingwa basa asi haupi chikonzero. NABU neSAPO vakapa Mudra chiziviso chekumufungira. Musi wa25 Nyamavhuvhu, Dare Repamusoro reKurwisa Huori reUkraine rakarayira kuti agare mujeri kwemazuva makumi matanhatu uku richibvumira kusunungurwa kana bhero reUAH mamiriyoni makumi maviri rakaburitswa. Vachuchisi vakanga vakumbira bhero repamusoro zvakanyanya.

Mudra anoramba mhosva dzemhosva. Akataura kuti zvinyorwa zvakaburitswa zvakapihwa nenzira yakasarudzwa uye isina kuenderana nemamiriro ezvinhu. Kuburikidza nemagweta ake, akati ari kushanda pamwe nevaongorori uye akagadzirira kupindura mibvunzo yavo kuburikidza nenzira yakakodzera yepamutemo. Gwaro riri pasi apa rinonyatso nyora zvirambidzo nenyevero maererano nekwakabva uye kunaka kwezvimwe zvinyorwa.

Musi wa24 Nyamavhuvhu Mutungamiri Zelenskyy akati masangano anodzivirira huori "haana mibvunzo" kwaari maererano nekuferefeta.

Mumvuri wemari inosvika mabhiriyoni emadhora pamusoro peSense Bank

Pane imwe nyaya yepamutemo. Aimbova mugovani wemasheya kuABH Holdings akatanga kutonga kweICSID neUkraine mushure mekugadzwa kwenyika muna 2023, achida mari inodarika bhiriyoni imwe chete yemadhora uye achipomera kutorwa kwemari zvisiri pamutemo. UNCTAD inoburitsa gakava iri seABH v Ukraine, ICSID Case No. ARB/24/1, maererano nekuva muridzi wekare weAlfa-Bank/Sense Bank. Imwe nyaya, EMIS v Ukraine, ine chekuitawo nekutorwa kwemari zvisiri pamutemo kweSense Bank.

Chisarudzo chehurumende chakaitwa muna 2023 chakaitwa maererano nezvirango uye kugadzikana kwemari. Kana yakatevedzera zvibvumirano zvekudyara zvine chekuita nezvemari inyaya yematare epasi rose, kwete yekuferefeta kwemhosva kwakaitwa makore matatu gare gare. Kunyange zvakadaro, humbowo hwekuti pfuma iyi yaitungamirirwa sei mushure mekugadzwa kwenyika hunogona kuva chinhu chakakosha muzviitiko izvozvo.

Nyaya yeABH inoti kutora Sense Bank kwaive kusiri pamutemo. Ukraine ichadzivirira kugadzwa kwehurumende nekuda kwezvikonzero zvayo zvemutemo uye zvekuchengetedzwa kwenyika. Kupomerwa kwakazotevera kwekuti vanhu vane hukama nezvematongerwo enyika vakashandisa sangano iri muhurumende hakupinduri gakava iroro repamutemo, asi zvinogona kuita kuti nhoroondo yechokwadi yepfuma iyi ive isina kunaka kuKyiv. Ongororo yemashoko yakapihwa kuEU Reporter inoratidza nemazvo kusangana uku kunogona kuitika. Forrest Gump inogona kumutsa mubvunzo nezvekusatenda mugadzirwo wehurumende wekutanga uye mhedzisiro yacho inogona kupfuura kubhadhara mari yechibatiso kune mumwe mukuru anonzi ane huori.

Uye chinhu chinoshamisa: Mudra aivewo mumwe wevakuru vakuru vane basa rekugadzira nekudzivirira pachena chinzvimbo cheUkraine vachipesana neABH Holdings, yaimbova muridzi weSense Bank, muchikumbiro chayo cheICSID chinodarika bhiriyoni imwe chete pamusoro pekuti bhangi rive renyika; akazotungamira boka reUkraine mune dzimwe nyaya huru dzepasi rose. Izvi zvinogadzira kusawirirana kukuru: mukuru wehurumende akadzivirira kutora kwebhangi senzira yepamutemo yekuchengetedza nyika uye kugadzikana kwemari iye zvino ari kupomerwa mhosva yekubatsira kuisa bhangi rimwe chete pasi pekutonga kwezvematongerwo enyika uye kurishandisa kushambadza mari yemhosva. Zvinotaurwa izvi hazviratidzi kuti kutengeserana kwemari muna 2023 kwaive kusiri pamutemo, asi zvinokanganisa zvakanyanya kuvimbika kwenyaya yeUkraine uye zvinopa ABH nharo yakasimba yekuti bhangi harina kuendeswa muhutungamiriri hwenyika hwakazvimiririra, asi muhurongwa hunogona kubatwa nezvematongerwo enyika.

Nei Brussels ichifanira kutarisa

Forrest Gump haisi kuferefeta kwega kwega. Midzi yayo inosvika kuOperation Midas, kuferefeta kweNABU pamusoro pehuwori hwakakura hwaipomerwa kambani yenyukireya yeEnergoatom. NABU inoti Midas yakafumura hurongwa hwemhosva hwaive nehuwori hwakakura uye kuburitswa kwemari. Kuferefeta kwakazotevera kwakaenderera mberi kusvika muna 2026.

Zvinopomerwa zveForest Gump zvine chekuita nemari yakazoshandiswa sechibatiso chemari kune munhu akabatwa nekuferefeta kukuru uku. Izvi zvinochinja hunhu hwezviito zvinonzi ndezvechokwadi. Kana vachuchisi vakaratidza mhosva yavo, zvinoreva kuti mari inowanikwa kuburikidza nemabasa ehutsotsi haina kungovigwa kana kushandiswa chete. Zvinonzi yakadzoserwazve muhurongwa hwehutsotsi nematare edzimhosva kuti mumwe munhu asunungurwe.

Uye pano tasvika pane chinhu chakakosha zvikuru kuBrussels.

Ukraine yakavhura zviri pamutemo hurukuro pamusoro peboka reEU reFundamentals musi wa15 Chikumi 2026. Chikamu ichocho chinosanganisira matare edzimhosva, kodzero dzekutanga, kururamisira nekuchengetedzeka, kutenga kwevanhu nekutonga mari. Chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuti ndiro boka rekutanga rakavhurwa uye rekupedzisira kuvharwa, uye European Commission yakajekesa kuti kufambira mberi pasi paro ndiko kunosarudza kumhanya kwehurukuro dzekupinda muhurumende.

Ukraine iri kugamuchira rutsigiro rwemari rwakakosha kubva kuEuropean Union panguva imwe chete. Ukraine Facility inopa mari inosvika mabhiriyoni makumi mashanu eeuro pakati pa2024 na2027, uye rutsigiro rwakabatana nenzira dzedemokrasi, mutemo, manejimendi akanaka emari, dziviriro yekurwisa huori uye zvipikirwa zvekuchinja.

Saka nyaya yeBrussels haisi yekuti huori huripo here muUkraine. Hapana nzira chaiyo yekupinda muUkraine inoitwa nepfungwa yekuti nyika dziri kukwikwidza hadzina huori.

Chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuti masangano anogona kuiwana here, kuiferefeta, kuipomera mhosva uye kugadzirisa kutadza kwehutongi kwakabvumira pasina kukanganiswa kwezvematongerwo enyika. Tichifunga nezvemaonero iwayo, Forrest Gump inopa nyaya mbiri dzinokwikwidzana. Dudziro isina kunaka iri pachena: vanhu vane zvinzvimbo zvepamusoro mudunhu reUkraine vanonzi vakashandisa bhangi rakaiswa munyika uye vakanzvenga kudzora kuti vabvise mari yemhosva.

Dudziro yakanaka yemasangano ndeyekuti masangano eUkraine anodzivirira huori akavaongorora, akaburitsa humbowo, akapa zviziviso zvekufungira, akakonzera kudzingwa kwevanhu kubhangi rehurumende uye akaendesa mumwe wevakuru vakuru vekare vemutungamiri wenyika kudare rakazvimirira rekudzivirira huori.

Kuti inyaya ipi inozobudirira pakupedzisira inoenderana zvikuru nezvichaitika zvinotevera.

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