Georgia neUkraine zvakasiyana

Chinhu chakakosha mukumukira kwakakurumbira kurwisa hutongi hweRussia muEurasia rave, dzimwe nguva, basa rinopokana remapoka emarudzi. Georgia, iyo yaive nerunyararo Rose Revolution muna 2003 uye iri kuita chimurenga chechisimba sezvatinonyora, ine nzvimbo yakasiyana yerudzi rweUkraine, iyo yakava nerunyararo Orange Revolution muna 2004 uye nechisimba Euromaidan Revolution yeDignity muna 2013-2014. nyora Nicholas Chkhaidze naTaras Kuzio.

Chimwe chinhu chakakosha chinosimbisa musiyano pakati peGeorgia neUkraine chitendero. Chechi yeOrthodox yeGeorgia ine hukama hwepedyo uye hushamwari kune xenophobically anti-Western Russian Orthodox Church. Chechi yeOrthodox yeRussia inotsigira yainodaidza kuti "hondo tsvene" yeRussia yekurwisa Ukraine uye inozvidza Chechi yeOrthodox yeUkraine, iyo yakatangira vaviri vakatsigira Orange neEuromaidan Revolutions, yakapihwa autocephaly naPatriarch Constantinople Bartholomew I muna 2019. The OCU.

MuGeorgia neUkraine, vezvematongerwo enyika havafarirwe nesarudzo asi panguva yekumukira vanoita basa rekunze sevaratidziri veRussia muGeorgia uye varatidziri vanopokana neRussia muUkraine. MuEuromaidan Revolution, mapoka emarudzi eUkraine akaita basa guru mukutarisana nemapurisa eBerkut nemauto eInterior Ministry nevaratidziri ve108 nevashandi vekuchengetedza gumi nevatatu vakaurayiwa uye vanopfuura chiuru vakakuvadzwa. MuGeorgia, vezvematongerwo enyika vakapihwa basa sevarindi nehutongi hweRussia hunotungamirwa naGeorgian-Russian oligarch Bidzina Ivanishvili. Munguva yeEuromaidan Revolution, hutongi hwepro-Russia hunotungamirwa neMutungamiri Viktor Yanukovych hwakaunganidzawo vakangwarira asi kubva kumapoka ematsotsi akarongwa akatarisana nevekuUkraine nyika.

Ivanishvili akatama kubva kuRussia kuenda kuGeorgia kwaakagadzira mauto ezvematongerwo enyika anotsigira-Russian, Georgian Dream. Ruvengo rweKremlin muGeorgia - aimbove Mutungamiriri Mikhail Saakashvili - akasungwa makore mapfumbamwe gare gare achipomerwa mhosva dzenhema. Kupinzwa kwehurumende yepro-Russian kwakakonzera kuwanda kwe pro-Russian kure-kurudyi mapoka pamwe chete nekukura kwesimba reRussia nyoro muGeorgia. Aya mapoka e-pro-Russian ari kure-kurudyi ndiwo chaiwo 'simba sosi' yehurumende yeGeorgian Dream, achisimbisa pivot yenyika kubva kuMadokero, pamwe nekumbundira hutongi hwehutongi uye hunopesana neEurope.

Iyo yeGeorgian Kurume uye mamwe masangano ari kure-kurudyi agara achipomerwa mhosva kuva nehukama neRussia. Iri sangano, iro rakavambwa muna 2017, rinounza pamwe zviuru zve ultranationalists kubva kuGeorgia yese. Kunyangwe vachiramba kuti ivo vari pro-Russian hurukuro yavo, zvakadaro, yakafanana neiyo yeKremlin neRussia mapato enyika uye masangano.

Iyo yeGeorgian Kurume inodaidzwa zvakafanana kune iyo Kurume kweRussia, iro raive zita rekuratidzira kweNeo-Nazi muRussia. Masangano echiGeorgian erudzi haasati amboratidza kupokana nehurongwa hwehutongi hweRussia kana kupinda kweRussia kwakazara muUkraine, kuuraya nekupambwa kwevanhu vekuGeorgia, uye kutorwa kweRussia kuAbkhazia neSouth Ossetia.

Ethno-nationalist, Eurosceptic, uye pro-Russian madingindira anowanzo kunzwika mukutaura-kurudyi uye pasocial media, senge semuenzaniso. Iyo Kremlin yakaparadzira anti-Western xenophobic uye anti-LGBT hurukuro uye kuzvidza uye. kuderedza rusununguko rwokuMadokero se propaganda tool mukati meRussia uye kune vavakidzani vayo uye kuEurope. Kubva 2012, hurukuro iyi inopesana neWestern uye simba rakapfava reRussia rakakura muGeorgia pasi peIvanishvili, zvichiguma nekugamuchirwa kwe 'mutemo wevatorwa kunze kwenyika' muna May waida kuti avo vanogamuchira rubatsiro rweWestern vaziviswe se "vatorwa". Mushure meEuromaidan Revolution, Vatungamiri Petro Poroshenko naVolodymyr Zelenskyy vakabvisa simba reRussia rakapfava kubva kuUkraine.

Uyezve, mamwe masangano, akadai Georgia's Demographic Revival Foundation, chikamu che-ultra-conservative World Congress of Families, uye Eurosceptic uye pro-Russian yezvematongerwo enyika "ERI" yakavambwa neimwe Kremlin-yakabatana oligarch - Levan Vasadze. Vasadze akanga aita zvidzidzo zvechitendero muMoscow kwaakazoshamwaridzana nevatungamiriri vezvematongerwo enyika vokuRussia vari muboka rezvematongerwo enyika reRussia, vakadai saAleksandr Dugin wechitendero chechiFascist uye Eurasia. Muna 2023, iyo Russian State University yeHumanities yakagadza Dugin kuti atungamire Ivan Ilyin Higher Chikoro chezvematongerwo enyika; Ilyin aive White Russian emigré uye munyori wefascist munguva yehondo.

Boka rinonyanya kuzivikanwa uye rine chisimba rinotsigira-Russian nationalist boka muGeorgia ndiro Conservative Movement, inozivikanwa zviri nani seAlt-Info, iyo ine. zvakanyanya kuwedzera kuvepo kwayo muGeorgia mumakore apfuura. Kuratidzira munyika yose vachipikisa boka racho uye kutyisidzirwa kwechisimba nechisimba kwakatevera kukura kweboka racho.

MuGeorgia, Alt-Info yakanga yatozivikanwa zvikuru nokuda kwemaonero ayo asina kunaka aitora pamusoro pechitendero chekuchengetedza chinowanikwa muGeorgian Orthodox Church. Pamusoro pezvo, boka iri rinosimudzira hukama hwepedyo hweGeorgia neRussia, ichiti kuita hukama neRussia kwaizochengetedza kuchengetedzwa kwenyika zvirinani pane kubatanidzwa kwepro-Western.

Alt Info yakazivisa izvozvo vakabatanidzwa musarudzo dzeparamende dzaGumiguru senhengo yemubatanidzwa weRussian Alliance of Patriots 'lectoral bloc. Kufanana nemapoka emarudzi muUkraine, havakwanise kuhwina zvigaro zveparamende. Zvakadaro, Alt Info inotsigira pro-Russian Ivanishvili hutongi uye zviito zvavo zvechisimba sevarindi vanoregeredzwa nezviremera. Mapurisa aramba kupomera vakuru vechikwata ichi mhosva yekuronga kurwiswa kwechisimba kune vezvematongerwo enyika, varatidziri nevatori venhau.

Mazhinji masangano ezvematongerwo enyika muGeorgia anotsigira-Russian uye, nemari kubva kune zvakavandika, ingangoita iyo Kremlin kuburikidza neIvanishvili, inoita seyakanyanya mapuroteni eRussia anoshanda mukutsigira zvido zvenyika yeRussia.

MuUkraine, masangano emarudzi aive akavakirwa mudunhu rekumadokero iro ragara richipokana neRussia kupfuura nyika yese. Western Ukraine haina kumbobvira iri chikamu cheTsarist Empire uye yakabatana chete neUkraine panguva yeHondo Yenyika II. Chokwadi, manzwiro ayo akadzama anopokana neRussia akadai zvekuti maRussia anotonga nyika haazviiti, asi achipa kupatsanura Ukraine pakati payo nevavakidzani vayo vekumadokero.

Mapoka ezvematongerwo enyika ekuMadokero eUkraine akakwevera patsika yeSangano reUkraine Nationalists (OUN) iro rakanga ratungamira kurwisana nehutongi hweSoviet kuburikidza neUkraine Insurgent Army (UPA) kwemakore gumi kubva kutanga kwa1940 kusvika kutanga kwa1950. Bato rezvematongerwo enyika reSvoboda (Rusununguko) rakabuda kumadokero kweUkraine mumakore ekuma1990 uye rakakwanisa kupinda muparamende kamwe chete muna 2012. Munguva yeEuromaidan Revolution, Svoboda nemamwe mapoka emarudzi akagadzira kambani yekuzvidzivirira (sotnia) iyo yakarwisana nemapurisa emhirizhonga uye pro- Russian vigilantes. Mushure meEuromaidan Revolution, Svoboda akagadzira Sych volunteer battalion kurwisa kurwisa kwekutanga kweRussia munzvimbo yekumabvazuva kweUkraine yeDonbas. Sych yaive imwe yemakumi mana ezvipiri mauto akagadzirwa nevaUkraine nyika uye vanoda nyika kurwisa mhirizhonga yemauto eRussia.

Pravyy Sektor (Kurudyi Sector), kazhinji inotarisisa yeKremlin's anti-Ukrainian propaganda, yakaumbwa panguva yeEuromaidan Revolution. Munguva yekutanga yekurwisa kweRussia, Rudyi Sector yakaumba battalion yevazvipiri, yeUkraine Volunteer Corps (UVC). Mushure mekubatanidzwa kwemauto ekuzvipira muuto nevarindi venyika, UVC yakaramba yakasununguka uye yakaramba kubatwa, ichienderera mberi ichizvimiririra kurwisa mauto eRussia.

Boka rechitatu, National Corps, raive nechekumabvazuva kweguta reUkraine reKharkiv uye vazhinji venhengo dzaro vaive vatauri veRussia. Mumusiyano wekare seSocial National Assembly, yakange yapatsanuka kubva kuSvoboda pakati pemakore ekuma2000 apo vekupedzisira vakatsvaga kuve uto renyika rinozivikanwa nevanhu vazhinji.

National Corps yakaumbwa muna 2016 makore maviri mushure mekunge nhengo dzayo dzave nemukurumbira seAzov volunteer battalion iyo yakanga yasunungura chiteshi cheguta reMariupol kubva kune pro-Russian proxies muna Chivabvu 2014. Separate Assault Brigade muuto reUkraine. Mushure mekupinda kwechipiri kweRussia muna 2022, Nhengo dzeAzov dzakadzivirira Mariupol kwemazuva makumi masere nematanhatu mazana asati amanikidzwa kuzvipira uye kuva POWs.

Vagari venyika yeGeorgia vanotsigira-Russian uye vanobatana nehurumende yepro-Russian Ivanishvili. Vanoshanda uye vanotsigirwa neGeorgian Orthodox Church. Mapoka matatu makuru eUkraine evanorwira nyika - Freedom Party, Right Sector, neNational Corps - vaive vanopesana neRussia kubva pakuvambwa kwavo kwakakura mukurwisana kwavo nechisimba nehurumende yeYanukovych yaitsigira Russia uye mushure mekurwisa kwekutanga kweRussia muna 2014. uye boka rakanyanyisa raive kumabvazuva kweUkraine-yakavakirwa uye mune huru inotaura chiRussia Azov neNational Corps. Autocephaly yakasimbisa hukama pakati peinopesana neRussia OCU uye mapoka emarudzi uye ekuda nyika muUkraine. Kubva pakapinda 2022, mapoka ese matatu echiUkraine nyika akarasikirwa nemakomuredhi muhondo yekurwisa kurwisa kwakazara kweRussia uye vatonyanya kupesana neRussia.

Marudzi eUkraine, avo vaive vakagadzirira kuendesa kuhondo kumauto ekuchengetedza uye kufira zvavaitenda, vakaisa chiyero vachifarira varatidziri panguva yeEuromaidan Revolution. MuGeorgia, kusavapo kwevanopesana neRussia verudzi kwakatungamira kune vasina simba, asi zvakadaro vachiri vakashinga, chimurenga kurwisa mauto anodzivirira pro-Russian Ivanishvili hutongi.

Nicholas Chkhaidze ishamwari yekutsvagisa paBaku-based Topchubashov Center. Taras Kuzio ndiye purofesa wesainzi yezvematongerwo enyika paNational University yeKyiv Mohyla Academy. Ndiye munyori we Russian Nationalism uye Hondo yeRussia-Ukrainian (2022).

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