Indasitiri yezviyo yeUkraine: Inotengeswa kunze kwakasimba kunyangwe kuvhiringwa kweRussia

Chikamu chezviyo cheUkraine chiri kukura mavhoriyamu ayo ekutengesa kunze kwegungwa kunyangwe Russia iri kuramba ichitarisa zvakakosha zvekutengesa zviyo kunze kwenyika, sekureva kweUkraine midhiya. mupepeti.

Kupinda kweRussia muUkraine uye kuputika kwemaguta makuru kubva muna Kukadzi 2022 kwakamisa zvakanyanya kushanda kwezviteshi zvezvikepe zveUkraine uye nzira dzekutumira kunze muGungwa Dzvuku, izvo zvakakosha kuhupfumi uye kugovera zviyo kumisika yepasirese. Nemamiriyoni ematani ezviyo akavharirwa mumatura, basa reUkraine se‘basket basket reEurope’ rakanga riri munjodzi.

Iyo Black Sea Grain Initiative, yakatangwa nekutora chikamu kweUkraine, Russia, UN, neTurkey, yakatungamira mukutangazve kutengesa kunze kwenyika kubva kumatatu eBlack Sea ports. Zvikepe zviviri zveSwiss trader Harvest Commodities - iyo M/V Riva Wind neM/V Arizona - vaive pakati pevekutanga kubudirira kubva pachiteshi cheOdessa sechikamu cheBlack Sea Grain Initiative muna Nyamavhuvhu 2022, vachiendesa zviuru zana negumi zvematani ezviyo misika yenyika. Kubva Nyamavhuvhu 110,000 kusvika Chikunguru 2022, matani 2023 miriyoni ezvigadzirwa zvekurima zvakatengeswa kubva kuUkraine zvichienda kunyika dziri muAfrica, Asia, neEurope.

Musi wa17 Chikunguru 2023 Russia yakabuda kubva kuBlack Sea Grain Initiative uye mumavhiki akatevera yakarwisa zviyo zvezviyo mumachiteshi makuru, kusanganisira Odessa neChornomorsk, kudzima mukana weUkraine kumisika yenyika.

"Zvigadzirwa zvezviyo zvevatengesi vepasi rose neUkraine vatengesi nevatakuri Kernel, Viterra, CMA CGM Group ndivo vakanyanya kukanganiswa. Ichi chaiva chiito chegandanga kwete kuUkraine, asi pamusoro penyika yose, "Gurukota reAgrarian Policy Mykola Solskyi akaudza Censor. 

Mwedzi wakatevera, mauto emugungwa eUkraine akavhura nzira itsva dzenguva pfupi dzokufamba kwengarava dzevarwi kubva kuzviteshi zvengarava zvenharaunda yeOdessa. Kunyange zvazvo idzi dzakanga dzakadzivirirwa nemauto eUkraine, varidzi vezvikepe pakutanga vakanga vasingadi kushandisa nzira itsva nokuti Russia yaityisidzira kuona chero ngarava dzaienda kuUkraine sedzinogona kunangwa. Zvisinei, nhamba yezvikepe zvinoenda kuchiteshi cheOdessa nharaunda yakanga ichiwedzera, ichitsigirwa nezvinodiwa nguva dzose yakasimba kubva kune dzimwe nyika vatengi.

"Muna Nyamavhuvhu, takavhura koridhi yenguva pfupi kuburikidza neBlack Sea. Yakashanda nekuda kwekutsigirwa kweMauto edu uye kuvimba nevadyidzani vepasi rose. Zuva nezuva, nhamba yezvikepe zvinopinda muzviteshi zviri kuwedzera, "akadaro Minister Solskyi. Mumwe weava vadyidzani vepasi rese, Niels Troost, investor muHarvest Commodities ane ngarava dzakatanga kubva Odessa muna Nyamavhuvhu 2022, akabvuma. "Taive nechivimbo chakazara uye kuvimba muzvirongwa izvi uye takabva tabvumirana kuva pakati pevekutanga kushanda pamwe chete nevatinoshanda navo vekuUkraine," akadaro.

Mumwedzi mitatu yekutanga zvikepe zana zvakashandisa mukoto mutsva wegungwa uye kubva muna Zvita 100 zvikepe zvinotakura zvinhu zvinodarika mazana matatu zvakange zvafamba kubva pazviteshi zveBlack Sea, zvichiendesa kunze matani miriyoni gumi ekutakura zvinhu kunyika makumi maviri neina dzepasi rose.

Panguva imwecheteyo, basa rekutengesa kunze kwezvikepe zveUkraine pamuromo weDanube, kusanganisira Reni, Ust-Dunaisk uye Izmail, iyo yakakwanisa kudzivisa kuvharwa kwegungwa reRussia, iri kukura. Kutakurwa kwezvinhu munzvimbo idzi dzeDanube kwaNdira-Mbudzi 2023 kwakasvika 29.4 miriyoni matani, inodarika kaviri nhamba yenguva imwe cheteyo muna 2022 (14.5 miriyoni matani).

"Danube transport corridor yakaita basa rakakosha zvikuru. Apo zviteshi zvengarava zveGreat Odessa zvanga zvisingashande, mukoto weDanube transport wakatora 50% yemavhoriyamu ese ekutumira kunze nekunze. Iyi yakava nzira yedu itsva," akasimbisa Mutevedzeri weGurukota. yeKuvakazve uye Gurukota reKuvandudza Nharaunda, Nharaunda uye Zvivakwa, Oleksandr Kubrakov.

Maererano neState Customs Service data, kubvira pakutanga kwegore idzva rekutengesa (Chikunguru-Chikumi) kusvika 27 Zvita, 17.48 miriyoni matani ezviyo akatengeswa kunze kwenyika. Muna Zvita 2023 chete, mavhoriyamu ekunze akasvika 4.39 miriyoni matani. Nekuda kwemukoto mutsva wegungwa, Ukraine ichakwanisa kutumira kunze kwenyika makumi mashanu emamiriyoni matani ezviyo nembeu yezvirimwa zvegoho ra50, pamwe nematani angangoita mamirioni gumi emafuta emiriwo uye hupfu, kumisika yepasirese, inofungidzirwa kuti Ukrainian Grain Association (UGA). )

"Tichakwanisa kutengesa zvizhinji zvezviyo nezvimwe zvigadzirwa. Kwatiri, iyi inopfuura 50% yemari yekunze kwenyika, iyo inodzikamisa Hryvnia. Ndinofunga kuti hapana zvakawanda zvingasarudzwa: kana chirimwa chichaita. kuora, kana isu tichakwanisa kutengesa. Zvechokwadi, zviri nani kutengesa, "mutungamiri weUGA, Mykola Gorbachev, akaudza Censor.  

Izmail yave nzvimbo yekutumira kunze kunze pedyo nemuromo weDanube. Harvest Commodities zvakare kuisa mari mukuvaka matura ayo, kuunza zvivakwa zvechizvino-zvino zvakakosha kuti zvibatsire kurima zviyo zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika kubva kuhubhu itsva yekutengeserana.

“Kudyara kwatinoita muzvivakwa zvemuno pamwe nekugadzirwa kwezvinhu hakungowani mabasa nekuunza mari yekunze mudunhu iri, asiwo kuona kuti zviyo zvinobva kuUkraine zvicharamba zvichiita basa rakakosha mukupa chikafu kune vatengi vanobva kunyika dzechitatu, kusanganisira Africa,” akadaro Niels. Troost, anodyara mari muHarvest Commodities.

Pamusoro pekudyara mudunhu reDanube, mutengesi weSwitzerland anoenderera mberi nekutengesa zviyo zveUkraine kubva kuBlack Sea ports. Ihor Kopytin, Mutevedzeri weVanhu uye nhengo yeKomiti yeNational Security, Defence and Intelligence, akabvuma Troost nekambani yake nekutenda nerutsigiro rwavo rwekuita chirongwa chezviyo cheUkraine uye kudyara muzvivakwa zvemuno.

Kuvimbika uye kuvimba kwebhizinesi uye vanodyidzana vepasi rese seHarvest Commodities haingoonese kutengeswa kwezvigadzirwa kubva kuvarimi vekuUkraine, asiwo inobatsira pakuchengetedza chikafu chepasi rose. Nyika dzinopfuura makumi mana uye masangano epasi rose akabatana neiyo Grain kubva kuUkraine chirongwa, chakatangwa neMutungamiri Volodymyr Zelensky. Pamwe chete nemakambani akazvimirira ega anotungamira, vakatounganidza mari inodarika mamiriyoni mazana maviri nemakumi maviri emadhora ekutengwa kwezviyo kubva kuvarimi vekuUkraine, zvirimwa zvinoendeswa kunyika dzinonyanya kutambudzika nekushomeka kwechikafu.

Kubva pakatanga chirongwa ichi, Ukraine, nechikamu cheUN World Food Programme, yakatumira matani 170,000 egorosi kuEthiopia, Somalia, Yemen neKenya. Chirongwa ichi chakarongwa kuti chiendeswe kuNigeria, Sudan, Mozambique, Malawi, Madagascar, Djibouti, Liberia, Mauritania, Lebanon nedzimwe nyika. Sorutivi rwepurogiramu, zvinenge ngarava 60 dzakatakura zviyo zvichatumirwa kunyika dzine urombo zvikurusa muAfrica.

Sekureva kwaGurukota Solskyi, izvi zvinoratidza kuti Ukraine yakakwanisa kuchengetedza chimiro chayo semutengesi wezvekudya akavimbika kunyangwe hondo. Vachitaura pamusoro pemigumisiro yegore rekutanga reGrain From Ukraine initiative, Minister Solskyi akaudza Censor kuti: "Vatinoshanda navo vanoona kuti Ukraine inotengesa uye yakavimbika kunze kwenyika pasinei nemamiriro ezvinhu akaoma zvikuru. Vanoona kuti tinozadzisa zvatinosungirwa kunyange munguva yehondo uye pasinei kuputika kubva kuRussia, nekuti tinonzwisisa kuti kutengesa kwedu kunze kwenyika kunokanganisa hupenyu hwevanhu munyika dzakawanda, mitengo yemusika, uye kuchengetedzwa kwechikafu pasi rose.

"Zvakakosha kuti isu tadzoreredza basa reUkraine maritime corridor uye chirongwa cheGrain Kubva kuUkraine chiri kudzokera kuchiteshi cheGreater Odessa."

Mufananidzo ne Erik-Jan Leusink on Unsplash

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