Panzvimbo pemitemo yeEU: Sei kurwiswa kwemasangano evashandi kuchityisidzira kubatanidzwa kweUkraine kuEurope?

Paramende yeUkraine iri kugadzirira kutora mutemo wekutorwa kwemidziyo yemubatanidzwa ukuwo vezvemitemo veUkraine vakasunga mutungamiri wesangano revashandi. Zvichipesana nemamiriro ekutaura kwevakuru veUkraine nezve kufambira mberi mukugamuchirwa kwemitemo yekubatana kweEurope, Mutungamiriri weEuropean Commission Ursula von der Leyen akadana "kuremekedzwa kwekukurukurirana kwevanhu".

Nzira yeEU: Ukraine inoti yaita 'basa remumba'

Muna 2023, Ukraine inotarisirwa kutanga nhaurirano dzekujoinha European Union. Iri basa rakagadzwa neMutungamiriri weUkraine, Volodymyr Zelenskyy, kune vamiriri vake neChishanu, Zvita 23.

Izvi nezvimwe zvakati wandei zvakataurwa nevakuru veUkraine zvinogona kupa pfungwa yekuti zvakazara, Ukraine yatosangana nezvakawanda zvezviyero zvekuve nhengo yeEU uye inongoda chete kugadzirisa "cosmetic" - kutora akati wandei magadzirirwo kumutemo weUkraine.

Musi waDecember 14, Sachigaro weVerkhovna Rada yeUkraine, Ruslan Stefanchuk, akashuma kuti Paramende sedare remitemo yakanga yatotora mabhiri ose aidiwa neEuropean Union. Nekudaro, zviri kuve pachena kuti kunyangwe zviri pamutemo, huwandu hwemamiriro eEU hunoramba husina kuzadzikiswa: kusarudzwa kwevanoda kupinda muHigh Qualification Commission yeVatongi haisati yapedzwa, mutungamiriri weNational Anti-Corruption Bureau yeUkraine haana kugadzwa, iyo Register ye oligarchs haisati yatanga kushanda, mutemo pakushambadzira kweterevhizheni hauna kugamuchirwa, uye mutemo mutsva weConstitutional Court weUkraine wakarambwa neVenice Commission.

Kusarura uye kutevedzera kubva kumitemo yeRussia: neoliberal zvirongwa zveParamende yeUkraine munharaunda yebasa.

Alarm mabhero ari kurirawo kune dzimwe nzvimbo. Chimwe chezvakakosha muEuropean Union, sekureva kweRome Declaration yakasainwa nevatungamiriri venyika dzeEU musi waKurume 25, 2017, isangano rekuenda ku "social Europe". Masangano evashandi anoita basa guru mukuita uku. Bato remubatanidzwa wevashandi rinogarodaidzwa kunzi catalyst yekuumba masangano akazvimirira. MuEurope, ine nhoroondo refu, nepo muUkraine, masangano evashandi akazvimirira kubva kumapato nehurumende akabuda nekuzvimiririra kweUkraine. Zvakangodaro, zvakaitwa neUkraine masangano evashandi zvinozivikanwa pasi rese. Muna Gumiguru gore rino, Executive Committee yeEuropean Trade Union Confederation yakasarudza kubvuma iyo Federation of Trade Unions yeUkraine kumatunhu ayo. Uyu ndiwo muenzaniso webasa rakabudirira uye rinorwadza remasangano evashandi - rudzi rwe "kusvika kuEU", chete muchirevo chesangano remubatanidzwa.

Hukama pakati pemasangano evashandi nevakuru vehurumende muUkraine hauna kumbova nyore. Kune rimwe divi, izvi zvinoratidza kuti masangano evashandi muUkraine akasununguka kubva kuvakuru vehurumende. Zvisinei, mumakore achangopfuura, kunetsana uku kwakawedzera zvisina kumboitika kare, apo masangano evashandi akapikisa kuvandudzwa kweneoliberal mundima yehukama hwevashandi. Ivo vakanyatsoshandiswa nevamwe MP, pakati pavo - Sachigaro weVerkhovna Rada Committee yeSocial Policy, Halyna Tretyakova. MunaGunyana 2019, achitaura pamusangano weNational Business Association muKyiv, akataura kuti ane chinangwa chekusunungura hukama hwevashandi kuitira kukurudzira mabhizinesi kugadzira mabasa matsva muUkraine. Panguva imwe cheteyo, iye akataura pachena: “Tinenge tave nhubu pakodzero dzevashandi tichivasarura."

The Federation of Trade Unions yeUkraine yakaongorora 35 dhizaini mitemo yakaunzwa kuParamende inobata zvakananga kodzero uye zvido zvevashandi. Pakagumiswa kuti makumi maviri nevatatu vavo vane chinangwa chekukanganisa kodzero dzavo.

Muna Chikunguru, Paramende yeUkraine yakagamuchira mutemo unopokana #5371, unonyima vamwe vashandi kodzero yekuchengetedzwa kwebasa. Kune avo vanoshanda mumabhizinesi epachivande emabhizinesi madiki uye epakati nepakati ane vashandi vanosvika mazana maviri nemakumi mashanu, gwaro rakagadzira nzira yekondirakiti yekudzora hukama hwevashandi. The wemitemo akabvumira mukana weovhataimu basa, kudzingwa basa padanho mushandirwi pasina tsananguro, etc. Dzimwe gadziriro gwaro kutyora Association Agreement pakati Ukraine uye EU (Articles 250, 296, 419).

Musi waGunyana 21, nhengo dzeparamende dzeUkraine dzakatsigira imwe nhanho yemutemo ine gakava - kubviswa kweSocial Insurance Fund kuburikidza nekubatanidzwa kwayo nePension Fund yeUkraine.

Tsananguro yegwaro remutemo inotaura kuti inotarisirwa kuchengetedza mari inosvika 2-3 bhiriyoni pagore kubhajeti renyika. Mari yacho ichachengetedzwa pamutengo wevashandi vakatambura netsaona kubasa kana kuti vakatadza kushanda kwenguva pfupi (kusanganisira nyaya dzekuzvara kana kubata pamuviri). Havachakwanisa kugamuchira mubhadharo nenguva uye zvizere. Mutemo unotanga kushanda musi waJanuary 1. Nechiitiko chinoshamisa, pazuva rimwe chete, muRussian Federation - nyika iri kurwisana neUkraine - chirongwa chakafanana chichauya - kubatanidza Pension Fund. uye Social Insurance Fund mune inonzi "Social Fund".

Kurwiswa kwakadai kwekodzero dzevashandi kwakakonzera kuita kweEuropean and International Trade Union Confederation. Vakaratidza kushushikana kwavo mutsamba yakanyorerwa Mutungamiriri weEuropean Commission Ursula von der Leyen. Mukupindura tsamba yaNovember 30, mukuru wedare repamusoro reEU akati akafunga nezvezvakataurwa nemasangano evashandi. Ursula von der Leyen akasimbisa kuti "kutevedzwa kweshanduko dzevashandi neEuropean nepasirese mitemo yevashandi, pamwe nekudikanwa kwekusimudzira nekuremekedza nhaurirano dzemagariro, dzave dziri nyaya dzenguva dzose mukukurukurirana nevakuru veUkraine mumakore achangopfuura".

Kutorwa kwepfuma uye kusungwa kwemutungamiri: Mibatanidzwa yevashandi vekuUkraine iri kurwiswa

Zvisinei, panzvimbo yekukurukurirana kwevanhu, kurwiswa kwevashandi veUkraine kwakawedzera. Musi waNovember 4, Verkhovna Rada yakagamuchira mukutanga kuverenga mutemo wepamutemo wakaunzwa neCabinet of Ministers of Ukraine pamusoro pekutorwa chaiko kwepfuma yemubatanidzwa nehurumende. Kunyanya, inobata zvivakwa zvakakura zviri mumoyo weKyiv - Imba yeVashandi Unions uye Gumiguru Palace. Pamusoro pezvo, hurumende inoda kuwana kodzero yekutora akawanda ezvivakwa zvehofisi, masanatoriums, nzvimbo dzekutandarira dzehutano uye nzvimbo dzetsika nemitambo kubva kumasangano evashandi.

Hurumende, zvakadaro, inotaura kuti inoronga kugarisa vanhu vakadzingwa nekupindirwa kweRussia mumasanatoriums akabatwa nemahotera, vachivapa ingangoita 10-20% yenzvimbo. Asi, sezvazvakazoitika, masangano evashandi akatozviita - asina kukumbira mvumo kubva kuCabinet. The Federation of Trade Unions yeUkraine yakati kubvira pakatanga hondo yakazara, vakanga vaisa parutivi 17 trade union sanatoriums, 8 nzvimbo dzevashanyi, uye dzinenge gumi zvivako zvemasangano evashandi pamwe nemasangano evashandi venharaunda - nekuda kwezvinodiwa zvemukati. vanhu vakadzingwa. Zvimwe zvezvivakwa izvi zvakazadzwa ne10% nevanhu vakarasikirwa nedzimba nekuda kwekuputirwa neRussia kana kugara.

Kazhinji, iyo Federation of Trade Unions yeUkraine mushure meFebruary 24 yakapa pekugara kwenguva pfupi kana yekusingaperi kune vangangoita hafu yemiriyoni vekuUkraine vakazviwana vari mudambudziko. Mauto eUkraine ari kurapwa uye kugadziriswa pahwaro hwezvivakwa zvemubatanidzwa. Zvese izvi zvakagoneka, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, nekuda kwerubatsiro rwemari yenyika. Sangano reInternational Labour Organisation, hwaro hwekubatsira, masangano emubatanidzwa weDenmark, Israel, Lithuania, Germany, Norway, USA neFrance anobatsira masangano evashandi vekuUkraine kutarisira vanhu vakadzingwa mukati. Kubva pazuva rekutanga rehondo yakazara, iyo Federation of Trade Unions yeUkraine yakatumira zvinhu zvekubatsira uye rumwe rubatsiro rwemauto eUkraine svondo rega rega, pamwe nevagari venzvimbo dzepamberi.

Pane kudaro, "kubudirira" kwehutungamiri hwehupfumi hwehurumende hunofananidzirwa nekuguma kwezvinhu zvinenge makumi manomwe zvakatorwa kubva kumasangano evashandi panguva yemutungamiri weRussia Viktor Yanukovych. Idzo dzaimbova sanatorium nenzvimbo dzehutano dzakabatwa nematare edzimhosva hadzina chinhu. Sarudzo idzi hadzina kuvandudzwa, zvisinei nekuti muna 70, dare reEuropean Court of Human Rights rakapa mutongo wekuti kutyora kwehurumende midziyo yemubatanidzwa kwainge kusiri pamutemo.

Parizvino, gwaro remutemo rekutorwa kwezvinhu zvevashandi riri kugadzirirwa kuongororwa mukuverenga kwechipiri. Sezvineiwo, musi wa12 Zvita, kusungwa kwepamusoro-soro kwemutungamiri wemubatanidzwa - Mutevedzeri waSachigaro weFederation of Trade Unions yeUkraine Volodymyr Sayenko - kwakaitika muKyiv. Hofisi yeMuchuchisi Mukuru inomufungira kuti ndiye Sachigaro wedare revatariri vechipatara cheKyiv balneological. Asi vanoita sevakakanganwa kuona kuti sarudzo dzakadaro hadziitwe dzoga. Pamwe chete - nedare rose revatariri.

MuUkraine, zviri pamutemo, masangano evashandi ane midziyo nekodzero yemidziyo yega. Chii chiri kunze kwemutemo kwemuridzi wekurasira pfuma yake? Chokwadi ndechekuti vatevedzeri vemitemo vekuUkraine vanodudzira mutemo nenzira yavo uye vanozivisa chero pfuma yemasangano evashandi "yakabviswa zvisiri pamutemo" kubva pavaridzi vehurumende.

Volodymyr Sayenko pachake akadana kumupomera mhosva "kuedza kuparadza masangano evashandi asina kunaka, kutora maturusi avo ekuita zviri pamutemo". Mune chinyorwa paFacebook musi waZvita 22, akasimbisa kuti achiri muhofisi, aingoita basa rake rekuita uye sarudzo dzemubatanidzwa dzemiviri yeFederation of Trade Unions yeUkraine.

Parizvino, Mutevedzeri waSachigaro weFederation of Trade Unions yeUkraine ari kusungwa. Akadzoserwa muchitokisi uye akaisa bheari isingagoneki ye124 miriyoni hryvnias (inenge € 3m) kutumira meseji kune vamwe vatungamiriri vemasangano evashandi kuti varambe vakatsikitsira. Asati avharirwa, Sayenko aishanda munhau, achishoropodza kurwiswa kwemutemo pamusoro pekodzero dzevanhu vekuUkraine uye hurongwa hwevamiriri vemutemo kutora midziyo kubva kumasangano evashandi. Kunyanya, akaenzanisa mutemo wehurumende yeUkraine kumasangano evashandi nemutemo wehurumende yeBrazil pasi pehutungamiriri hwaMichel Temer naJair Bolsonaro.

Brazil neBelarus: kufanana kusingafadzi

Muna 2017, shanduko yevashandi yakaitwa munyika yeLatin America, izvo zvakaita kuti vashandi vashaye simba uye nekuparadza masangano evashandi. Shanduko dzakadaro dzakagadzirirwa kukunda dambudziko rehupfumi nekuita kuti musika wevashandi "uwedzere kushanduka". Mutungamiri weBrazil, Michel Temer, akavimbisa kuti zvichabatsira kugadzira mamiriyoni matanhatu emabasa mukati memakore gumi. Mumakore mashanu, mugumisiro wacho wakanga wakapesana - kuderera kwehupfumi uye kushayikwa kwemabasa kwakapararira. Muna 2022, International Trade Union Confederation yakaisa Brazil pakati penyika gumi dzakaipisisa pasi rose dzevashandi. Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, kuvandudzwa kwe2017 kwakarerutsa maitiro ekudzingwa kwavo uye kuvanyima mari shoma yakavimbiswa. Panguva imwecheteyo, masangano evashandi, aimbopihwa mari nebhajeti remubatanidzwa, akanyimwa rutsigiro rwehurumende ndokutanga kumisa mabasa awo mukuwanda. Shanduko iyi ichangobva kuongororwa nevavhoti veBrazil: musarudzo dzemutungamiri wenyika dzegore rino, Mutungamiriri wezvino, Bolsonaro, akakundwa neaimbova mukuru wehurumende uye mutungamiri wemubatanidzwa Lula da Silva.

Mumwe muenzaniso wekuparadzwa kwemasangano ehurumende akazvimiririra ndezviito zvehutongi hwehudzvanyiriri hwaLukashenko muBelarus. Muna Chikunguru wegore rino, Dare Repamusorosoro reBelarus rakarambidza mabasa ehuwandu hwemasangano emubatanidzwa, mamwe acho aipikisa kupinda muUkraine uye akadana kubviswa kwemauto eRussia ekutora kubva kuBelarus. Mumwedzi ichangopfuura, miedzo yevatungamiriri vemasangano evashandi yagara ichiitika muBelarus. Musi waDecember 20, kutongwa kwevatungamiri veBelarusian Congress yeDemocratic Trade Unions - Aliaksandr Yarashuk, Syargei Antusievich naIryna But-Gusayim - yakatanga. Vanga vari muhusungwa kubva muna Kubvumbi, mutongo usati wapihwa nedare. Mamiriro akafanana achaiswa kune mutungamiri weUkraine trade union?

Munyika yakavakidzana yeRussian Federation, iyo iri kurwa hondo ine hukasha neUkraine, Trade Unions 24 yakapa chirevo umo vakazivisa kutsigira kwavo "chisarudzo cheMutungamiriri weRussia Vladimir Putin chekuita basa rekuzvidza Ukraine". Mushure mekukwirirana kwakawanda kubva kuFederation of Trade Unions yeUkraine, sangano reRussia rakadzingwa kubva kumasangano ese anoremekedzwa epasi rese.

"Brazilian" kana "Belarusian" zviitiko hazvisi izvo vanhu vekuUkraine vanoda uye vanokodzera. MaUkraine akazviratidza panguva yeEuromaidan muna 2014 pavakadzivirira European vector yebudiriro yenyika yavo. Vanozviratidzawo mazuva ese ikozvino, vachidzivisa hutsinye hweRussia uye vachidzivirira vese vanhu vavo uye nyika yese yedemocracy. Zvakakosha kuti Guarantor yeBumbiro reMitemo uye Mutungamiriri-mukuru-mukuru ateerere kune zviito zvevamwe vevamiririri vake zvinoisa pangozi ramangwana reUkraine, vachiregeredza mitemo yeEurope yekuvaka nyika - yepamutemo, yemagariro evanhu, ine yakagadziridzwa. civil society.

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