Hurukuro naAlexis Roig: Sainzi diplomacy inoumba post-Brexit UK-EU hukama

Mamwe masikati kwaipisa zvisingaite muLondon, Purofesa Alexis Roig (mufananidzo) nhanho kupinda neoclassical horo dze10-11 Carlton House Terrace, kumba kune yeBritish Academy. Anokokwa neUK Young Academy kuti apinde munhaurirano yepamusoro-soro yesainzi uye tekinoroji diplomacy, yakaungana neRoyal Society, Academy yeMedical Sciences, Royal Academy of Engineering, Royal Society yeEdinburgh, Royal Irish Academy, uye The Learned Society of Wales. Chiitiko ichi chinounza pamwechete manzwi anotungamira uye ari kusimukira kuti aongorore kuti sainzi ingazivisa sei diplomacy munyika yakakamukana uye inokurumidza kuchinja.

Pakati penyanzvi dziri kugovana danho naRoig ndiSusie Kitchens, mumiriri weBritain parizvino akasemwa kuImperial College London, naPatrick Nédellec, Mutevedzeri weSainzi neTekinoroji paEmbassy yeFrance muLondon. Kuvapo kwavo kunokweretesa nhaurirano huremu hwezvematongerwo enyika uye yakasarudzika UK-EU resonance.

Roig anounza mukamuri kunyarara kwekukurumidzira, kwakaumbwa nehondo, disinformation uye kurongeka kwemarudzi akawanda. Semumwe wevamiriri vepasirese vane mukurumbira vesainzi diplomacy, anoona ruzivo kwete sesimba chete asi sechinhu chakafanana: imwe yenzvimbo dzekupedzisira dzisina kwazvakarerekera dzichiri kukwanisa kugadzirisa kupatsanurana kwezvematongerwo enyika. Alexis Roig ishamwari inotsvakurudza kuUnited Nations University (UNU-CRIS) uye Barcelona Center for International Affairs (CIDOB), uye Purofesa weScience Diplomacy paPompeu Fabra University (UPF) uye Barcelona Institute of International Studies (IBEI). Anoshandawo seMukuru Mukuru weSciTech DiploHub, nhandare inotungamira pasi rose pamharadzano yesainzi uye mutemo wekunze. Anobatsira kuumba hurongwa hwepasi rose sainzi diplomacy, achiraira hurumende, masangano mazhinji uye maguta nezve nzira yekumisikidza hunyanzvi hwesainzi mukuita sarudzo dzepasirese.

Maawa mashoma tisati taenda kuUnited Nations Financing for Development Summit muSeville, tinogara pasi kuti tikurukure kusimuka kwemaguta sevamiriri vezvemadiplomate, kukosha kwekudzidzisa chizvarwa chitsva chevamiriri vesainzi, uye nei, mukuona kwaRoig, sainzi haingori pfuma chete asi imhando yesimba rinogadzirisa basa reEurope munhau dzepasi rose.

Muzvinafundo Roig, mushure memakore ekusava nechokwadi mushure meBrexit, UK yakabatana neHorizon Europe uye hutsva hwakakura hweUK-EU Strategic Partnership ichangobva kuziviswa. Ungaratidza sei kukosha kwekutama uku?

Haisi nyaya yebhajeti kana kuti kuitawo chimwe chinhu. Kudzokera kweUK kuHorizon Europe kunoratidza kupera kwekusanzwisisika kwanga kwasiya vaongorori kumativi ese ari limbo. Zvatiri kupupurira chiitiko chitsva chekuvimba, kwete mumasangano chete asi nepfungwa yekuti sainzi ipurojekiti yeEurope yakagovaniswa.

Vatsvagiri veUK vakapihwa mari inosvika zviuru mazana mashanu emamiriyoni emadhora muna 500, vachiisa Britain pakati pevasiri veEU vanobatsirwa nehukuru uye nemukurumbira, nerubatsiro runoda kusvika zviuru zvitatu runotora ma sensors eurosurgical, mafuta ekufambisa nendege nezvimwe. Horizon Europe's 2024 Work Programme inowedzera mukana wevasaenzi veUK kupinda munzvimbo dzakanyanya-sensitivity, kubva kuquantum kusvika kumarobhoti, AI nenzvimbo, ichivhurazve gonhi rakanga ravharwa panguva yeBrexit.

Kubatanidzwazve uku kunobvumira kuenderera mberi mumapurojekiti makuru ekuyambuka muganhu uye kunobatsira masangano eBritish kuwanazve basa remukokeri ravaimboita. Zvakanyanya kudzika, zvinoratidza kuti Europe inogona kuramba yakarongeka uye yakabatana kunyangwe pakati pegeopolitical fragmentation.

Inopindirana zvakare neyakakura UK-EU Strategic Partnership yakaziviswa muna Chivabvu, iyo inovhara chengetedzo, dziviriro, kudyidzana kwemugungwa uye mutemo wehutano. Iyi yakagadziridzwa dhipatimendi yedhipatimendi inoisa sainzi uye tekinoroji diplomacy pamwoyo wepasi rose-kuvaka kuvimba.

Kudyidzana uku kunopokana sei nekunetsekana kwekushandisa-paviri pakati pekukosha kwekukosha kwehunyanzvi huri kusimukira? Ko iyo UK-EU axis inogona kupa kubatana pakati pekuvimbika kwakakanganisika pakati peUS, China nevamwe?

Iyo UK inogara isingaperi yepamusoro, kana iwe uchindibvumidza, rudzi rweBritish "quantum state" yekuve mukati nekunze kweEU, yakabatana asi inotonga. Inenge 46 muzana yekutengeserana kwayo inoramba iine bloc, ichisunga mirau yayo uye tekinoroji zviyero kuBrussels zvakadaro.

Mukufanana, kudyidzana kwakafanana neAUKUS kunoyananisa UK neUS neAustralia muhuwandu nekudzivirira, ukuwo EU ichitsvaga kuzvitonga kuzere. Iyo UK inotambira NATO's DIANA accelerator, inotsigira maviri-kushandisa kutanga-ups muhuwandu, undersea sensing uye kuzvitonga. Nyika yakatangawo AI Safety Institute yayo, yakabatana pasi rose kubva gore rapfuura, asi yakaramba kusaina chiziviso cheEU cheParis AI, ichifarira nyika pane kutonga kwepamusoro.

Zvese izvi zvinopesana nekumashure kweEU AI Act, iri kutanga kushanda mwedzi unouya, iyo inoisa mitsva yepasi rose miitiro ye general-chinangwa AI. Aya makwara akafanana asi akasiyana anomutsa mibvunzo nezve convergence uye hurongwa hwekuzvimirira. Kana iyo UK neEU vachitungamira pane mbiri-yekushandisa zviyero, quantum hutongi uye AI chengetedzo, ivo vese vanogona kuumba tsika dzepasirese.

Mataura nhasi nezve youth mobility. Ko kubatana kweUK kwaErasmus+ kunomiririra kumwe kunyungudika mukubatana here?

Pamusangano weLancaster House muna Chivabvu, vatungamiri vakatora chiono chekugadzirisa hukama pakati pevanhu. EU yakakoka zviri pamutemo UK kuti ijoine Erasmus +, uye nepo London ichikurudzira chirongwa chenguva shoma yevechidiki, kubatanidzwazve kwakazara kunoramba kuri mukutaurirana.

Erasmus + inopfuura kuchinjanisa kwevadzidzi: itsika yeEurope uye dzidzo yepamusoro-soro injini yemagetsi. Kudzoka kwayo kwaizoratidza kwete kufamba chete, asi kuvimba nezvizvarwa zvese, vimbiso yekugovana kuzivikanwa uye kuvhurika kwehungwaru.

Mune zvimwe zvinyorwa wakatsanangura diplomacy yesainzi se "Europe's soft power muscle". Nekudaro, nhasi iwe wakurudzira kuti iri kupinda muhumambo hwesimba rakaoma. Unogona here kutsanangura nezve shanduko iyi? Ndezvipi zvinhu zviri kufambisa shanduko iyi, uye ndezvipi zvingave zvine chekuita nebasa renyika reEurope?

Traditional diplomacy inoramba yakabatikana mune zvematongerwo enyika; sainzi inopa chimiro chekunyarara. Marabhoritari anoshandira pamwe. Masayendisiti, kusiyana nevamiriri, vanoita nenzira, kwete mameseji. Horizon Europe chivakwa chekuvimba: scaffolding yekumisikidzwa kwemutemo, mari uye zvakagovaniswa zviga zvinoita kuti sainzi ipfuure miganhu.

Masayendisiti haadi vhiza waivers kuvimbana. Kuvimba ikoko kwakatoiswa munzira, mukutsvaka chokwadi. Kana Europe yakamira pakati peWashington neBeijing munzvimbo dzakaita sehutongi hwehuwandu kana green tech zviyero, kubatana kunoverengera zvakanyanya kupfuura chero chibvumirano chekutengeserana. Kuparadzana ndiye muvengi wesimba.

Vatsoropodzi muUK vanotsanangura maitiro epushmi-pulyu: ane rupo R&D zvitsidzo asi zvinocheka kune hutano hwepasirese uye zvinorambidza kutama. Ko mutemo iwoyo wakasimba zvakadii?

Zvinopokana, asi izvi tiri kuona kune dzimwe nyika. Iyo UK yakazvipira kudarika £80 bhiriyoni pamakore mana, nechinangwa chekukura kusvika pamadhora 22 bhiriyoni pagore ne2029-30, pamwe nemari yakakosha yenyukireya, quantum uye girinhi matekinoroji, sechikamu cheHurumende Chirongwa Chekuchinja.

Zvakadaro shuviro iyi inoenderana nekudzikira kutsvagiridzo yehutano, bhajeti rekubatsira uye zvirambidzo zvakasimba zvekubuda kwevanhu munyika. Hapana nyika inokwanisa kutora hutongi hwesainzi uku ichivaka madziro pamusoro pepfungwa dzinokuchidzira hunyanzvi. Kudzora kwachangamire maringe nekuvhurika kwepistemic, kunetsana ndiko kuri pamwoyo wedhipatimendi yesainzi yemazuva ano. Sainzi diplomacy inofanirwa kushanda chaizvo apo kutonga kwachangamire uye epistemic kusununguka kunodhumhana.

Iwe wakanga uri mumwe wenyanzvi huru dzakasarudzwa neEuropean Commission kuti dzigadzire itsva European Framework for Science Diplomacy yakavhurwa gore rino. Zvichaita mutsauko unobatika here?

Ndakanga ndiri pakati peboka renyanzvi dzepasirese dzakabatsira mukuumbwa kweiyi EU Framework itsva, pamwe nevamwe vandaishanda navo kubva kumativi ese, zvikamu uye nhengo dzenhengo. Zvinogara zvakaoma kuunza pamwe chete maonero akasiyana-siyana, mapazi akasiyana-siyana ezivo, mamiriro enyika uye mazinga akawanda ekutonga. Zvese mune zvese, ndinofunga inoratidza kuyerera kwemvura: gwaro rekutanga kutsanangura sainzi diplomacy padanho reEU kwete segwara, asi seti yehutsika: hutsika, hunobatanidza uye hwepasi rose. Zvakadaro, masisitimu ane basa chete kana masangano anoita. Tichaona kuti iyi inoitwa sei, asi ndinotenda kuti inotiisa munzira kwayo.

Iyo Framework inodonongodza kurudziro zvipfumbamwe, zvakarongwa kuita hunyanzvi, hwekushandisa uye hunogonesa zviridzwa. Inoda kubatanidzwa kwakadzama kwesainzi muEU chiitiko chekunze, kusanganisira zano resainzi mukati memisheni yedhipatimendi, tsigiro yesainzi yakavhurika uye rusununguko rwedzidzo, uye kurongeka kwakasimba pakati pekutsvagisa uye mutemo wekunze. Inoisawo simbiso yakasimba pakuvaka-kugona kuburikidza nekuyanana, masecond, zvirongwa zvekudzidzisa uye mapuratifomu anobatanidza vaongorori, vanogadzira mitemo uye vanobatika mumatunhu ese, kunyanya muGlobal South. Kana ikashandiswa zvine hudzamu, inogona kubatsira kupinza diplomacy yesainzi sechipo chisingaperi mukati mehukama hwekunze hweEU.

Iwe wakasimbirira nhasi kuti sainzi diplomacy inotsamira sei pakuvimba mune zvese sainzi nemasangano. Tiri kurerutsa here kuti ruzivo rwenhema nezvematongerwo enyika zvinokanganisa sei kuvimba ikoko?

Zvakadzama. Isu tinowanzo funga kufungidzira diplomacy yesainzi sechinhu chakataurirana pakati pevashumiri nevaongorori. Asi nekuwedzera, nhandare yayo yehondo chaiyo ndeye discursive: yakaumbwa nemisoro, algorithms uye kutenderera kutenderera. Kana sainzi nekudyidzana zvichiitwa zvematongerwo enyika, uye chokwadi chikava chedzinza, kubatana kunoparara.

Sezvo Royal Society neAAAS yakayambira mumushumo wavo wakabatana pakutanga kwegore rino, kurwiswa kwekuvimbika kwesainzi hakuchisina anecdotal, ivo vane systemic. Kuvaka resilient sainzi diplomacy zvinoreva kuchengetedza kuvimbika kwehumbowo uye vanhu nemasangano anouburitsa.

Tiri kuona izvi zvichiitika mumakore mashoma apfuura. Zano resainzi rinosefa kuburikidza nemalenzi epfungwa. Mabhajeti ekutsvagisa anove ezvematongerwo enyika chess zvidimbu. Diplomatic nuance inoderedzwa kuita clickbait. Uye yakarongeka disinformation, kazhinji inofambiswa nezvido zvebato, zvinokanganisa kuvimba nesainzi nesainzi masangano, kunyanya pazvinhu zvakaita semamiriro ekunze, hutano hwepasirese, AI kana kubatana kwenyika.

Diplomacy inoda chiono chenguva refu. Asi hurumende zhinji dzave nhapwa kumitambo yenhau. Uye sainzi, iyo inobudirira mukunonoka uye kusava nechokwadi, inotamburira kurarama muzvinyorwa zvebhinari kana zvakakurumbira. Chiri kukanganisa hakusi kungoenderana kwemitemo, asi epistemic sovereignty. Kana nzanga dzisisakwanise kusiyanisa ruzivo rwakavakirwa paumbowo kubva mumaonero akagadzirwa nezvematongerwo enyika, hwaro hwekuvimba hunoparara.

Tinoda mubatanidzwa mutsva wesainzi, vamiriri, vagari uye vatapi venhau vakazvimiririra, vakabatana nemisimboti yakagovaniswa yekusimbisa, kusarerekera uye humbowo. Kwete kudzora rondedzero, asi kudzivirira mamiriro ezvinhu umo chokwadi chinoramba chichibvira.

Iwe unozivikanwa zvakanyanya nebasa rako pane basa remaguta uye vasiri-nyika vatambi mune sainzi diplomacy. Iwe unoona sei simba ravo richiitika munguva ino yezvematongerwo enyika?

Yepakati. Iyo classical architecture yedhipatimendi, yakavakirwa pamimiriri, zvibvumirano uye mireza yakazvimirira, haisisiri mepu zvizere kune uko kushandira pamwe kwenyika dzese kunotongwa, kupihwa mari kana kuendeswa. Maguta, asiwo mayunivhesiti, nheyo, tech hubs uye makambani makuru, havasi kungotora chikamu mudiplomacy, ivo vanowanzo tungamira. Sainzi diplomacy inongoreva kana ichitungamirwa nekusiyana uku kwevatambi, kwete chete nepamusoro-pasi hurumende zvirongwa.

Maguta akaita seBarcelona, ​​Boston kana Mexico City ave mapuratifomu esainzi diplomacy vari voga: kuumba kudyidzana, kugamuchira tarenda repasi rose, kuseta mamiriro ekunze uye data zviyero. Vanokurumidza, vanovimbwa uye vari kuwedzera kuronga. Izvi zvine basa nekuti matambudziko mazhinji epasi rose, kubva kuhutano hweveruzhinji kusvika kutsika dzedhijitari, anodzorwa munharaunda asi anotaurirana pasi rose. Hurumende dzenyika dzingamira, asi maguta anoramba achishanda.

Sainzi diplomacy inofanira ikozvino kugamuchira kucherechedzwa kwechokwadi kuti pamutemo uye pesvedzero haichayerera chete kuburikidza nenyika-nyika. Kubudirira kweramangwana resainzi diplomacy zvinoenderana nekuti isu takanyatsobatanidza sei vatambi vatsva ava muhutongi hwepasirese.

Iwe nguva pfupi yadarika wakatora chikamu munhevedzano yemaforamu epamusoro-soro: UNESCO's Global Ministerial Dialogue on Science Diplomacy, Tech Diplomacy Forum, International Science Council's General Assembly muMuscat, uye UN Ocean Musangano. Idzi inzvimbo dzisina kujairika dzinosangana vamiriri, vaongorori uye vanoita sarudzo pasi rose. Ko uku kuungana-kumashure kwakagadzirisa sei pfungwa yako yekuti diplomacy yesainzi yakananga kupi?

Chakanyanya kuoneka kwaive kusangana kwekukurumidzira uye vavariro. Muzviitiko zvese izvi, unogona kunzwa kuti sainzi uye tekinoroji diplomacy haichaonekwi semubatsiri kune mutemo wekunze, zvave kuita zvivakwa. Kunyangwe nhaurirano yakanangana nekuvaka runyararo, tekinoroji yemuganhu, hupfumi hwebhuruu kana hutongi hwedhijitari, paive nekunzwisisa kwakagovaniswa: hatigone kutonga kuoma pasina kudyidzana kunovimbika, nesainzi.

Chinoita kuti ndizvikudze ndechekuti vanhu vakasiyana-siyana vatiri kuronga kuunganidza mumisangano iyi: makurukota kubva kuGlobal South, vamiriri vemaguta, vezvemabhizimusi ehunyanzvi, manzwi ezvidzidzo; zvese zvinopa chiono chediplomacy chinodarika protocol uye chinombundira mhinduro dzinoshanda. Rudzi irworwo rwenyika dzakawanda harubvi mudzidziso; inoda kugara ichivakwa.

Basa rangu mumisangano iyi yepasi rose nderekuti a Mutungamiri: kuteerera, kugovana maonero, nekubatsira kubatanidza mazano mumatunhu nematunhu. Zvinotonyanya kukosha, chiitiko chakasimbisa kutenda kukuru, sainzi diplomacy inongosimba seecosystem inoitsigira. Misangano yakaita seyiyi nyaya kwete yekungoonekwa chete, asiwo yekuvaka mubatanidzwa wenguva refu wekuvimba unoenderana nawo sainzi diplomacy. Ivo vanogadzira nzvimbo yezvandinofunga seyakagadziriswa serendipity, uko kusingatarisirwe uye kunobatsira kuchinjana kunogona kutungamirira kukubatana kwekusingaperi.

Mushure meLondon, uri kubhururuka wakananga kuSeville kuUnited Nations' Fourth International Conference on Financing for Development (FfD4). Izvi zvinotevera zvinomira sei kubatana nebasa rako mune sainzi diplomacy?

Kuchinja kubva kuLondon kuenda kuSeville kunoratidza chimwe chinhu chakadzama. Diplomacy nhasi inogara pamharadzano yehutongi, mari uye ruzivo. FfD4 ichaunza pamwe chete vatungamiri venyika, makurukota ezvemari, mabhanga ebudiriro, masangano eUN uye masangano akazvimirira kuti vafunge zvakare mawaniro atinoita zviwanikwa zvemaSDGs mumamiriro epasirese akapatsanuka uye ane mari shoma.

Kubva pane zvandakaona mugadziriro yegadziriro, sainzi uye tekinoroji zvinotarisirwa kutora chikamu chepakati kupfuura muzvinyorwa zvakapfuura, kwete chete semidziyo yekuvandudza, asi sematanho ekuzvidavirira, kushandira pamwe nekubatanidzwa. Kune kusimba kwakajeka kwakatenderedza dhijitari yeruzhinji zvivakwa, metrics inofamba kupfuura GDP, uye nzira nyowani dzekuziva mipiro yeSouth-South kuburikidza nedata uye tekinoroji kugona. Ini ndinonyanya kukurudzirwa nekuedza kweUNCTAD nemamwe masangano eUN kuunza kuomarara kwesainzi uye maturusi ane ruzivo rwehumbowo mumagakava emutemo wezvemari.

Muono unoshamisa ndewekuti sainzi diplomacy haisisiri yekutenderera, yave bumbiro remitemo. Ndichange ndiripo kuti ndibatsire kubatanidza vatambi mumatunhu nemasekete, uye kuona kuti maonero aya chikamu chemaitiro ekutanga anoumbwa. Development financing inoda kupfuura capital. Zvinoda masisitimu ane ruzivo rwesainzi, anofambiswa nedata uye anodyidzana pasi rose.

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