Kubva pakusarerekera kune kwayakarerekera kune yepasirese maitiro: Basa reTurkmenistan muLLDC3 uye nenyaya dzepasi rose

Kubva Nyamavhuvhu 5 kusvika 8, guta remahombekombe egungwa reAwaza muTurkmenistan richaita Musangano Wechitatu weUnited Nations weNyika Dzinosimudzira Dzakavharirwa (LLDC3). Nyika Dzakavharirwa Nyika Dzinosimudzira (LLDCs) dzinomiririra chikamu chakasiyana chemarudzi akatarisana nematambudziko akasiyana ebudiriro nekuda kwenzvimbo yavo maererano naMeredov, et al., (2025).

Kukosha kwekugadzirisa matambudziko eLLDC kwave kucherechedzwa kuburikidza nehurongwa hwepasi rose hwakadai seVienna Chirongwa cheKuita (VPoA) cheLLDCs 2014-2024, iyo yakamisa nzvimbo dzinokosha dzekupindira.

Vakuru vakati wandei vane zvinzvimbo zvepamusoro vari kutarisirwa kupinda, nemutungamiri weKazakh Kassym-Jomart Tokayev vatosvika muTurkmenistan. Uyezve, Mutungamiri weUzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev, Nhume dzeKyrgyz, Nepalese Mutungamiri KP Sharma Oli yakarongerwa kushanyira nyika kubva Nyamavhuvhu 3 kusvika 8, zvichingodaro.

Chiitiko chemazuva mana chichaita misangano yeplenary, matafura mashanu epamusoro-soro, uye musangano wepachivande wakanangana nekuvaka kudyidzana uye kuwedzera mari. Maererano ne Belgium Times, musangano uchatarisana nenzvimbo shanu dzinokosha: shanduko yezvimiro, zvivakwa uye kubatana, kufambisa kutengeserana, kubatanidzwa kwedunhu, uye kuvaka kwekusimba-chimwe nechimwe chinotsigirwa nezvishanu zvirongwa.

LLDC: Zvinorevei?

Chikonzero icho UN chiri kugadzirisa nyaya iyi chakajeka. Nyika Dzinosimukira Dzinovharirwa, iyo inoshaya nzira yakananga kugungwa, inotarisana nematambudziko makuru mukutengeserana, kubatana, nekusimudzira. Pasina zviteshi zvemahombekombe, vanovimba nenyika dzekufambisa, zvichikonzera mutengo wepamusoro wekutengesa uye kunonoka. Maererano nepeji yepamutemo yeUN, vanhu vanopfuura mamiriyoni 570 vanogara munyika idzi. "Matambudziko ehupfumi anotarisana neLLDCs akawanda uye akadzika midzi mukusarudzika kwavo kwenzvimbo. Izvo zvinonyanya kuitika uye zvinoonekwa zvinokonzeresa mutengo wekutengesa," akanyora Meredov, et al., (2025).

Kune maLLDCs, geography yakagara ichiraira magumo. Mari yekutengeserana inogona kusvika pa74% yakakwira kupfuura avhareji yepasi rose uye kutakura zvinhu zvichiyambuka miganhu kunogona kutora zvakapetwa kaviri kupfuura munyika dzemahombekombe. Nekuda kweizvozvo, LLDCs inotora chete 1.2% yekutengeserana kwepasirese, sekureva The European Times.

"LLDC3 mukana wakakosha wekudzoreredza gwara iri," akadaro Rabab Fatima, Mumiriri Mukuru weUN kuNyika Dzisina Kusimukira, Nyika Dzisina Nyika Dzinosimukira, uye Nyika Dziri Kusimukira Zvitsuwa Zvidiki.

Musangano Wechitatu weUN weLLDCs une chinangwa chekuongorora mhinduro nekugadzira kudyidzana kuti ukunde matambudziko aya uye kuvhura kugona kwakazara kweLLDCs kuitira ramangwana rakaenzanirana uye rakabudirira.

Muna Kubvumbi 2025, United Nations General Assembly yakagamuchira Resolution A/RES/79/279, ichidoma zviri pamutemo Awaza seguta richatambira LLDC3.

LLDC3 muTurkmenistan

United Nations iri kushanda pamwe chete neTurkmenistan, kunyanya muna 2025, kukurudzira runyararo uye kugadzirisa matambudziko akasiyana akatarisana nenyika dzichiri kusimukira (LLDCs). Nenzvimbo yayo yakarongeka muCentral Asia uye mutemo wenguva refu wekusarerekera, Turkmenistan inoita basa rakakosha. Kutambira LLDC3 hakusi kungofananidzira — kunoratidza kuzvipira kwakadzama kwenyika mukusimudzira nhaurirano, kusimudzira kubatana kwakasimba, uye kushandura nyika dzakavharirwa kuva hupfumi hwakabatana nenyika.

"Tinodada nekutambira chiitiko ichi pamhenderekedzo yeGungwa reCaspian muTurkmenistan," akadaro Aksoltan Ataeva, Mumiriri weTurkmenistan uye Mumiriri Wechigarire kuUnited Nations.

Awaza, nzvimbo yevashanyi pa Gungwa reCaspian, inokwezva vashanyi vakawanda. Hurumende yeTurkmen yakaisa mari yakawanda mukusimudzira hupfumi hwayo, zvivakwa, zvinhu, uye chikamu chekugamuchira vaenzi - zvichiita kuti ive sarudzo yakakodzera kugamuchira LLDC3.

Pedyo neTurkmenbashi, guta guru rechiteshi chezvikepe riri pedyo neMiddle Corridor, iri kukwezvawo pfungwa kubva kunhume dzekuEurope. Turkmenistan inoramba ichishanda mukusimudzira kubatana kwedunhu kuburikidza nemapurojekiti akati wandei akakosha.

Chirongwa cheLLDC3

Kuvandudza kuchengetedzwa kwechikafu iri pakati pezvinonyanya kukosha zveAwaza Chirongwa Chekuita.

Musangano weLLDC3 muAwaza unoitika kuburikidza nechirongwa chakapfuma uye chine simba chakagadzirirwa kukurudzira nhaurirano inosanganisirwa uye kudyidzana kwakanaka. Inotanga neParamende Forum, ichiteverwa nekuvhurwa kwemisangano yeCivil Society Forum neYouth Forum. Aya mapuratifomu anoenderera mberi muchiitiko ichi, pamwe nekuita kwepamusoro-soro senge musangano weMunyori Mukuru weUN nevakuru veUN (nekukoka chete). Mhemberero Yekuvhura yepamutemo inoisa toni yePlenary Sessions uye General Debates, inowedzerwa nemisangano yevatori venhau uye nhevedzano yezviitiko zveparutivi. Matafura mashanu eHigh-Level Round anogadzirisa nzvimbo dzakakosha, ukuwo Misangano yeMinister pamusoro peKudyidzana kweSouth-South ichisimbisa budiriro yekubatana. The Private Sector Forum uye Connectivity Track inosimbisa mikana yehupfumi neyezvivakwa, uye zvirongwa zvakakosha zvakaita seWomen Leaders' Forum neYouth Intergenerational Dialogue zvinounza mazwi akasiyana pamberi.

Turkmenistan iri kushanda kuwedzera kubatana kwedunhu, kusanganisira kuburikidza nemapurojekiti anotevera:

• The Lapis Lazuli Corridor, yakatangwa muna 2018, inobatanidza Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, Azerbaijan, Georgia, uye Türkiye. Inoderedza nguva dzekutumira pakati peCentral neSouth Asia kuenda kuEurope uye muenzaniso wekudyidzana kwedunhu pakati peLLDCs nenyika dzekufambisa.
• The Turkmenbashi International Seaport, paGungwa reCaspian, yakavakwa patsva uye yakawedzerwa nemutengo unodarika mabhiriyoni 1.5 emadhora. Ikozvino inoshanda seyakakosha multimodal logistics hub yenyika dzakavharirwa nyika muCentral Asia, inobatanidza njanji uye nzira dzemigwagwa nekutengeserana kwemugungwa kuCaucasus neEurope.
• Turkmenistan inhengo inovamba yeSPECA (Special Chirongwa cheEconomies yeCentral Asia), chirongwa chakatsigirwa neUN chakanangana nekubatana kwedunhu, kufambisa kutengeserana, uye kuwiriraniswa kwekufambisa.
• Nyika inoita basa rinotungamira mu Central Asia-Middle East-South Asia chiono chekufambisa, inobatanidza Chiteshi cheChabahar muIran nemigwagwa nezvitima zvinopfuurira kuyambuka Turkmenistan zvichienda kuUzbekistan, Afghanistan, nekumhiri.
• Kuedza uku kunoratidza hurongwa hwenyika hunoenderana: kushandura kureba kwenzvimbo kuita geopolitical mukana nekuva nzvimbo yakakosha yekufambisa yenyika dzakatenderedza. Mukuita izvi, Turkmenistan iri kubatsirawo mamwe maLLDCs - kunyanya Afghanistan neUzbekistan - kuwana misika yepasi rose kuburikidza nepfupi, nzira dzekutengesa dzakanyatsoshanda.

Gore rino, Turkmenistan yakazvipira kusimudzira kubatana kwepasirese, kusimudzira runyararo, uye kupa rubatsiro rwevanhu. Zvichienderana nekuzivisa kwayo kwe2025 se "Gore Rerunyararo uye Kuvimba," nyika yatora matanho akakosha kutsigira kudyidzana nedzimwe nyika uye kugadzikana.

Pakati pekuedza kwayo kwekubatsira vanhu, Turkmenistan iri kupa rutsigiro kuPalestine uye nekupa rubatsiro kune vanhu vanoshaya, kusanganisira avo vari kuIran. Zviito izvi zvinoratidza kukura kuri kuita nyika munyaya dzepasi rose.

Nemutemo wayo wokusatora rutivi zvachose, Turkmenistan yazova muenzaniso mukudyidzana nedzimwe nyika. Iyi yakasarudzika mamiriro ezvematongerwo enyika inobvumira nyika kuita sebhiriji pakati penyika, ichikurudzira nhaurirano nekubatana murunyararo.

Kuti unzwisise zviri nani maitiro eTurkmenistan, zvakakosha kuongorora hwaro hwemutemo wayo wekusarerekera zvachose.

Basa rekusarerekera zvachose mumutemo weTurkmenistan wekunze kwenyika

Gore rino, Turkmenistan iri kupemberera makore makumi matatu ekusarerekera zvachose. Kubva payakawana kuzvitonga, pfungwa yekusava nedivi ravakarerekera yakasimudzira zvido zveTurkmenistan munyika, mudunhu, uye pasi rose. Uyezve, pamusangano wechi78 weSangano Romubatanidzwa Wenyika Dzepasi Pose, chisarudzo chokuti “2025 - Gore Renyika Dzepasi Rorugare Nokutenda” chakagamuchirwa padanho reTurkmenistan.

Kuzvipira kweTurkmenistan kusarerekera zvachose

Mutemo weBumbiro reBumbiro reTurkmenistan weKusapindira Nezvawakarerekera Kusingaperi wakatanga kushanda muna 1995. Ichi chimiro chakasiyana chine chinangwa chekuti nyika isapinda mukurwisana uku ichikurudzira runyararo nekushandira pamwe nedzimwe nyika.

Mushure mekudzikamisa mamiriro emukati menyika, vatungamiriri veTurkmen vakatevera mutemo wekunze. Gwaro reTurkmenistan rekusarerekera risingarereki rinoratidzwa nemisimboti inotevera: kuchengetedza uchangamire uye kuvimbika kwenzvimbo yenyika dzese, kusapindira mune zvemukati medzimwe nyika, kudzivisa kushandiswa kwechisimba mukurwisana kwepakati penyika, kuziva basa reUnited Nations mukuchengetedza runyararo rwepasi rose, kusimudzira kushandira pamwe muzvikamu zvakasiyana, uye kuramba kujoinha chero mauto kana zvematongerwo enyika.

Turkmenistan's diplomatic policy

Kuburikidza negwara rayo rezvematongerwo enyika, Turkmenistan inotsvaga kusimbisa kuti kusarerekera hakurevi kuzviparadzanisa nevamwe asi kuti chinhu chakanaka, chinoshanda, uye chinotsigira nyaya dzedunhu nepasirese. Sekureva kwaMatyakobov (2019) [4] uye Boryyev (2024) [3], nekugadzwa kwemutungamiri wechipiri, G. Berdimuhamedov, Turkmenistan yakaumba mutemo wayo wekune dzimwe nyika maererano neutsva hwakaunzwa nekusarerekera kwayo, ichibvumira nyika kuvhurika kune nyika. Yakava nzvimbo yekufarira kune vekunze vatengesi.

Turkmenistan yakasaina zvibvumirano zviviri uye yakabatana nenyika dzakawanda muzvikamu zvakasiyana, semagetsi. Zvibvumirano zvemativi maviri neakawanda muchikamu chezvekutakurwa zvine chinangwa chekuvandudza hukama pakati penyika dzedunhu uye kugadzira network yezvekufambisa. Muchirevo chechinyorwa chino, Kazakhstan-Turkmenistan-Iran njanji uye Turkmenistan-Afghanistan-Tajikistan njanji matanho akakosha eNorth-South transport corridor project [5].

Mutungamiri Serdar Berdimuhamedov vakatanga kutonga muna 2022 nerutsigiro rweruzhinji rwevanhu. Kubva paakatora chigaro, akaenderera mberi nemutemo weTurkmenistan wekusarerekera divi rimwe chete, achigadzira hurongwa hutsva hunochengetedza kugadzikana kwenyika muhukama hwenyika. Mutungamiri weTurkmenistan atora uye akabvumidza iyo "Foreign Policy Concept yeNeutral Turkmenistan ye2022-2028" [6].

Izvi zvakabvumira Turkmenistan kugamuchirwa nenyika dzepasi rose. Yakavamba hukama hwenyika mbiri neUnited States, Russia, Iran, Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, Türkiye, Europe, China, India, Pakistan, nedzimwe dzakawanda. Kuchengetedzwa kwegwaro rekusarerekera kwakasimbiswa nekudzikama kwemukati meTurkmenistan, kusimudzira hupfumi uye zvivakwa, kutevedzera mutemo wepasirese nezvibvumirano, kuzvipira kukusapararira kwenyukireya, sarudzo yekusagadzira kana kuunganidza zvombo zvebhayoloji nemakemikari, uye kurambidzwa kwemauto ekunze ari munharaunda yayo.

Pakupedzisira, mamiriro ekusatora rutivi zvachose akaita kuti Turkmenistan ishande pamwe chete mukugadzirisa nyaya dzine chokuita neGungwa reCaspian. Yekutanga Caspian Economic Forum yakaitwa muna Nyamavhuvhu 14, 2019, panguva yekutanga uye pasi pekutungamirwa kweBerdimuhamedov. Iyo foramu, yakarongeka kusimbisa kudyidzana kwehupfumi pakati peCaspian littoral states, yakatarisana nekutengeserana, indasitiri, uye kutakura, kunyanya muchikamu chesimba [7].

Pamusoro pezvo, Turkmenistan yakatsvaga kusimudzira diplomacy kuburikidza nemisoro yakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira kodzero dzevakadzi. Muchirevo chechinyorwa chino, Dialogue yeCentral Asian Women, yakagadzwa muna Zvita 2020 pakutanga kweNational Mutungamiriri weTurkmen People, Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow, ndiyo yekutanga chimiro muCentral Asia nhoroondo yakagadzirwa nevamiriri veKazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, uye Uzbekistan nerutsigiro rwekubvunzurudza kweUnited Nations, Kukadzi 6. 2025) [8].

Kusarerekera zvachose mukushandira rugare rwepasi rose

Hondo yeTurkmenistan kusarerekera zvachose inoshumira rugare rwepasi rose. Sangano reUnited Nations rakasimbisa kuti nyika yakaita basa rekuyananisa munguva yeTajik Civil War. Saizvozvo, Turkmenistan yakabatsira UN mukuedza kwayo kumisa runyararo muAfghanistan, ichibata misangano yakati wandei pakati pemapato eAfghan [9].

Musi waChivabvu 16, 2023, muAshgabat, Musangano weTurkmenistan, mukubatana neOSCE Paramende Assembly, yakaronga musangano wepasi rose wainzi "Basa Renyika Dzisina Kwazvakarerekera Mukusimbisa Chengetedzo, Kugadzikana, uye Nhaurirano munzvimbo yeOSCE." [10]

Pakupedzisira, vatsvakurudzi vanosimbisa kuti kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze kunogona kuunza kusawirirana [11]. Kukurudzira runyararo, hurumende yeTurkmen inokurudzira kuwedzera hurongwa hwekudyidzana pasi rose kutsigira Sustainable Development Goals. Zvinoenderana newebhusaiti yepamutemo yeTurkmen Ministry of Foreign Affairs, mukati meInternational Year of Peace and Trust, Turkmenistan ichatarisa nezve "green diplomacy" [12].

Mutemo wekusarerekera unogonesa Turkmenistan kuzadzisa zvinangwa zvayo zvezvematongerwo enyika pamatanho matatu: yenyika, yedunhu nepasirese. Turkmenistan yatanga kusimukira padanho renyika, ichikunda matambudziko emumba chete nekuda kwemutemo wayo wekusarerekera, izvo zviri kubatsira kuti itarise kugadziridzwa kwemba uye kugadzirisa imba yayo. Kuvandudzwa kwezvematongerwo enyika, zveupfumi netsika kwakaunzwa kuitira kuti mudzimba muve nekugadzikana.

Mabhuku acho anoratidza kuti mutemo weTurkmenistan wokusava nekwavakarerekera zvachose wakakanganisa mutemo wayo wokune dzimwe nyika uye waita kuti ishande neUnited Nations maererano nezvinotevera: Kushandira zvakatipoteredza; kushanda pamusoro pekuchengetedzwa kwesimba uye hurongwa hwemagetsi hunochengetedza; kushandira pamwe neUnited Nations kugadzira hurongwa hwekutakura uye mikoto; kugadzira hukama hwayo nemasangano edunhu nepasirese...

Pakupedzisira, makore makumi matatu ekusarerekera eTurkmenistan anoshanda semuenzaniso wakasarudzika wematunhu madiki nepakati ari kutsvaga kufamba mune zvematongerwo enyika pasina kukanganisa kuzvitonga uye kugadzikana. Nekuenderera mberi nekugashira runyararo, kushandira pamwe, uye kubatana kwenyika dzakawanda, Turkmenistan ichasimbisa basa rayo seyasina kwayakarerekera, yakagadzikana, uye yakavimbika shamwari munharaunda yepasirese. Uyezve, kusarudzwa kweTurkmenistan semurongi weforamu yepasirese, senge LLDC3, inosimbisa kucherechedzwa kwebasa rayo mune zvematongerwo enyika uye pasi rose, pamwe nekuzvipira kwayo kune budiriro inogara.

Sources

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