André Lacroix: ITAS uye mamiriro eTibetology

Mr Lacroix ndiPurofesa weKoreji akarega basa, uye munyori weDharamsalades.

Akaonawo dudziro yeThe Struggle for Modern Tibet naTashi Tsering, William Siebenschuh naMelvyn Goldstein.

Musangano wepasi rose weTibetology wakarongwa neIATS uchaitwa munguva pfupi iri kutevera muPrague.
Iwe unojairana neInternational Association yeTibetan Zvidzidzo?

Kutaura chokwadi, usati wandiudza nezvazvo,
Ndakanga ndisingazive International Association for Tibetan Studies, IATS muChirungu.
Ndakazvizivisa mangwanani ano pamubvunzo uye ndakaona kuti yaive mubatanidzwa wakavambwa muOxford muna 1979, uye ndinoti 1979 zvinoshamisa, ndiro gore chairo iro Deng Xiaoping, achida kuisa dambudziko reTibetan kumashure kwake, vakanga varonga misangano yepamusoro-soro pakati pevamiririri veDharamsala, saka vamiririri veDalai Lama nevamiririri vePeople's Republic of China. Nhaurirano idzi dzakazokundikana nekuda kwezvinodiwa nevatauri veTibetan. Vaida kusika, chaive chisiri chikumbiro, chaive chikumbiro, kugadzira Tibet yakakura iyo ingadai yakagura China kubva kune chikamu chechina chenharaunda yayo, izvo zviri pachena kuti zvaive zvisingabvumirwe kuda kune vamiriri veChinese.
Ndinocherechedzawo kuti musangano unotevera wesangano iri wakaitwa muNarita, Japan muna 1989, kureva gore chairo iro Dalai Lama yakagamuchira mubairo weNobel Peace Prize. Pane zviitiko zvisinganzwisisike, uye ndakaonawo kuti pamusangano uyu kuJapan ndipo pakanyora hurongwa hwayo, uye pakati pemitemo iyi inyaya yekuti nhengo dzinodyidzana, izvo zvinoita kuti ndione kuti basa rava kuitwa Prague nemubatanidzwa uyu haina kuzadzwa neyakakwana chinangwa. Ndinotya kuti zvakanyanya kana kushoma kusvibiswa nemanzwiro e-anti-Chinese.

Semaonero ako, chii Tibetology yakanaka?
Ndiani waunotora semuenzaniso weTibetologist?

Zvakanaka, Tibetology inofanirwa kusanganisa nhoroondo, kudzidza kwezvinyorwa, kudzidza kwehuzivi, ngano, ngano, chitendero, zvitendero. Nemhaka yokuti kazhinji kazhinji kunodavirwa kuti muTibet munongova nechiBuddha bedzi, nepo ikoko, rudzidziso rwakanga ruripo rwakanga rwuri rudzidziso rwaBön, rwacho kuchine miitiro iri pachena nhasi. Saka, zvese kubva pakuona kusingavharidzi geopolitical dimension, nekuti ichokwadi kuti kubva pakupera, kuwa kwehumambo hweManchu, Tibet yaive pamharadzano yekuedza kwese kweimperiyasi yekuMadokero, maRussia, maBritish. uye zvichingodaro, yakagara iri chikamu chehumambo hweChinese iyo parizvino inorambwa nevanhu veInternational Campaign yeTibet. Asi ichokwadi chenhau.
Nekutora mukana wematambudziko akakomba eiyo diki yeChinese Republic kubva muna 1911, yaive nyajambwa wevakuru vehondo uyezve kubva mukurwisana pakati pemakomunisti nevenyika, kurwisa kweJapan uye zvichingodaro, China haina kukwanisa kuchengetedza kutonga kwayo mudunhu iri kure reTibetan. . MaBritish akatora mukana weizvi kuita rudzi rwekudzivirira iyo yakaziviswa unilaterally ne13 Dalai Lama seTibet yakazvimirira, asi rusununguko rusina kuzivikanwa nemunhu. Naizvozvo apo Mao akatanga kutonga, akangowanazve iyi dunhu iro kwenguva yakati rakanzvenga kudzorwa nemhaka yezvinetso zvakawanda zveChinese Republic duku. Asi, kwandiri, nyanzvi yeTibetologist yechokwadi, paragon yeTibetology ndiMelvyn Goldstein anove shasha inotaura Tibetan zvakanaka, anga aenda kuTibet kakawanda uye akafamba nayo mativi ese, iye munyori wenhoroondo akaomesesa anoziva zviri pachena. Tibetan anoziva nhoroondo uye akaburitsa zvidzidzo zvine chiremera chaicho pamubvunzo. Saka ese madiki monographs akanaka kutora, ayo anosimbisa uye nuance, asi ini ndinoona kuti zvakakosha paTibet zvakataurwa. Chero zvazvingava, akanyora bhuku rine unyanzvi ratisingagoni kuita tisina.

Denda reCovid rakanganisa zvidzidzo zvepasi rose nekutsinhana, unofunga kuti denda iri rakanganisa zvidzidzo zveTibetan?

Ichokwadi kuti kusakwanisika kwekufamba ikoko zvirokwazvo hakuna kubatsira pakuziva zviri nani mamiriro acho ipapo. Nekune rimwe divi, sevanhu vazhinji vevaTibetologists inyanzvi dzinodzidza zvinyorwa uye zvichingodaro, vanotaurirana nevhidhiyo, uye zvichingodaro, handizivi kana yakapesvedzera zvidzidzo zvakanyanya, handizivi. , asi, chokwadi nguva dzose zviri nani kuenda kunoona zviri kuitika. Sezvo chirevo cheTibetan chinoti: zviri nani kuona kamwechete pane kunzwa kane zana, uye izvi ndezvechokwadi, paunoenda ikoko, une imwe, kunzwisisa kwakasiyana zvachose pane paunongoverenga.

Iwe unofungei nezvechizvarwa chitsva cheTibetologist, pane shanduko yakanaka mumafungiro avo?

Zvinosuruvarisa kwete, kana zvichienzaniswa nevakuru veTibetologists vandinoreva kwavari, ndiri kufunga nezvevanhu vakaita saMelvyn Goldstein uyo angangodaro ari mukuru weTibetologist munyika yose, anotaura zvakanaka chiTibet, akafamba-famba muTibet kumativi ose uye ane maonero echokwadi eGeopolitical, ane nhoroondo yakakura kwazvo. Iye munyoro uyo ari, ndinotenda, nezvezera rangu, kureva kuti, murume akura, ndiri kufunga nezvaTom Grunfeld zvichingodaro. Ini handigone kufunga nezve chero munhu chaizvo, pamwe handisi kuzvizivisa zvakakwana, asi ini handioni zvakawanda shanduko.
Pamwe Barry Sautman uyo ari mudiki asi chero zvakadaro ini ndinoona kuti, chiri zvakare chimwe chinhu chakandibata, ndechekuti Tibetology, yakanaka Tibetology inofanirwa kuzivikanwa, zvinosuruvarisa kuti kazhinji Anglo-Saxon. French Tibetology, semuenzaniso, inosuruvarisa. INALCO, National Institute of Oriental Language and Culture muParis, ndingati, idendere, kunze kwezvishoma, zvevanhu vasingatombovanze chokwadi chekuti vanopesana neCommunist China uye zvidzidzo zvavo zvakasvibiswa neiyi anti- Chinese manzwiro. Zvinosiririsa. Ndinogona kutaura mazita aFrançoise Robin, Katia Buffetrille, Anne-Marie Blondeau nezvimwe zvakadaro. Ava havasi vanhu vakavimbika.

Unofungei nezvenyanzvi dzakawanda dzeTibetan dzisina kumbovapo? Zvinoita here kuti vanhu ava vataure maonero chaiwo ane chinangwa?

Mukuona kwangu, inofanira kunge yakaoma zvikuru. Handisi kuti hazvigoneke, asi zvinotora munhu anoda kuziva zvakanyanya, anonyatsoda kuziviswa pasina rusaruro uye ari polyglot, anobata chiChinese, chiTibetan, Chirungu, chiFrench, chiGerman zvichingodaro. Saka pamwe, asi rudzi urwu rwehunhu huriko here? Handizive. Chero zvazvingava, ichokwadi kuti paunotsika tsoka pane imwe nzvimbo, iwe unobva waona chimwe chiono pane zvaunongowana mumabhuku. Ini pachangu, pandakaenda kuTibet kekutanga, ndakafunga, zvichibva paLonely Planet, gwara rekufamba rakavimbika, gwara iri raitaura nezvekupondwa kwetsika. Ipapo, maziso akaita soso pandakatanga kutsika paya ndikaona kuzara kwemamongi zvichingodaro. Ndakazvibvunza kuti, ko uyu dhizaini ari kutaura nezvei? Uye kubva panguva iyoyo ndipo pandakatanga kudzidza, kunyanya Melvyn Goldstein, uyo akanyatsoita mabasa ehunyanzvi panhoroondo yeTibet kubva kwaakabva kusvika nhasi, nechinhu ichi chinoshamisa pane nhoroondo uye geopolitics.

Pasi rose, ruzhinji rwenyanzvi dzeTibet dzakagara dzichitenda kuti hurumende yeChina ine mutemo usina kunaka kune vedzinza diki.
Washanyira Tibet kakawanda, unofungei?

Nehurombo, nyanzvi, kazhinji dzinodanwa kune vezvenhau vedu, inyanzvi dzakanyura muAtlantic mamiriro ekunze, izvo zvinoreva kuti China inoramba iri nhamba yekutyisidzira, uye ndinotenda zvese zvinogona kutsanangurwa nekuti United States inononoka. kusunungura simba ravo, havagone kuzvigamuchira, saka vanoda muvengi kuti aedze kuponesa hutungamiriri hwavo. Vanoziva zvakanaka sezvo vasiri mapenzi kuti hutungamiriri uhwu huri kutamira kuChina, vanoita zvese kuti hudzike. Ndoisa sei? Iri kurwira kurwisana uko maDemocrats anovenga China semaRepublicans.

Iwe unofunga kuti musangano muPrague uchaunza zvimwe zvakanaka uye zvezvematongerwo enyika mhedzisiro yendima yeTibetology?

Ndakaedza kutsvaga kuti ndedzipi nyaya dzaizotaurwa asi ndakadzishaya painternet. Ndakangowana nguva yemusangano uye kuti ndeapi makamuri emusangano nezvimwewo, asi handizivi kuti ndiani anokokwa kuti ataure.
Handizive kuti ndedzipi misoro ichakurukurwa, chokwadi pachave nemimwe misoro inofadza panguva yemusangano uyu, asi handikwanise kutaura.
Ndichiri kungwarira pane zvese nezve ambience, inogona kunge iri anti-Chinese.

Goverana ichi chinyorwa: