Kuramba kweSpain kugadzirisa kupokana mune zvinogadziriswa kunotyisidzira kukanganisa chibvumirano cheGreen cheEU.

Spain yazviisa pagwara rinokuvadza nebhanga reWorld Bank nekuramba kubhadhara zvichemo zvakaitwa mushure mekunge yaburitsa plug pachirongwa chikuru chekudyara simba remagetsi.

Hurumende yeSpain yakafukidzwa nezvirevo zvakadaro pamusoro pedanho rayo rine gakava rekumisa rutsigiro rwemari yemagetsi anogadzirwa nekuisazve magetsi. Zvinonzi shanduko yepolicy yakarova zviuru zvevanoisa mari musimba rinodzokororwa, kubva kumakambani makuru emagetsi kusvika kuvanhu vakazvimirira, zvichivasiya muhomwe kusvika kumamiriyoni emadhora.

Vazhinji veava vava kutsvaga mubairo wekurasikirwa kwavo uye zvirevo zvakaiswa pasi peEnergy Charter Treaty, chibvumirano chepasi rose icho Spain inosaina. Mumwe muzvinabhizimusi akazvimiririra akaudza webhusaiti ino, "Shanduko dzemitemo ine chekuita nerutsigiro rwesimba rinodzokororwa muSpain dzakakanganisa zvakanyanya uye dzakonzera kupokana kwakawanda." Varatidziri vava kuwedzera kumanikidza Spain kuti inyengetedze "kuzadzisa zvisungo zvayo zvepasi rose" nekubhadhara mabhiri, anofungidzirwa kuva pakati pe1.5.

Kupokana kwakatanga muna 2007 apo Spain yakaunza "tariff" yakanaka, ine chekuita nekukwira kwemitengo yemagetsi anogadzirwa nekuisazve magetsi. Danho iri rakaonekwa serakabudirira zvikuru panguva iyoyo uye mabhiriyoni emaeuro ekudyara akarimwa mukuisa, kubva kumagetsi emagetsi achangovakwa kusvika kune magetsi ezuva akaiswa mudzimba dzevanhu. Mhedzisiro yacho yakave yekukurumidza: muna 2008 chete, Spain yakaverengera hafu yepasi rose magetsi ezuva nemagetsi uye nyika yakasangana nechinangwa cheEU chemakumi maviri muzana ekugadzirwa kubva kumagetsi anovandudzwa panosvika 20 muna 2020.

Asi, zvichitevera dambudziko remari ra2008, Spain yakachinja chirongwa ichi ndokuunza "mutero" mutsva waive wakanyanya kushomeka kune vanoisa mari. Zvakakosha, iyo chiyero chitsva chakashanda zvekare kune kumisikidzwa kwakaitwa pakati pa2007-2012. Makambani akamhan'arira hurumende yeSpain nekuunza mutero mutsva uyu asi matare epamba akatonga kuti kuderedzwa kwerubatsiro kwaive pamutemo pasi pemutemo weSpain. Vagadziri vemari vakaunza zvirevo zvechibvumirano chepasi rose pamusoro peSpain pamusoro pekudzikiswa kwemitero pasi peEnergy Charter Treaty (ECT), iyo yakagadzirirwa kuchengetedza vatengesi vekunze mune zvesimba. Gwaro reEnergy Charter rakavambwa kare muna 1994 uye rine chirevo chinoti kudyidzana nedzimwe nyika kunofanirwa kunge kuri nzira inofarirwa kugadzirisa kusawirirana kwakadai.

Makambani anosvika makumi mashanu, kunyanya mafemu makuru emagetsi muEurope nekumwe, akamhan'ara Spain pasi peECT pakati pa50-2013. Parizvino, Spain yarasikirwa makumi maviri neshanu pazvikumbiro makumi mashanu uye yakahwina zvishanu chete. Makambani akaunza danho repamutemo rekuderedzwa kwemitero kusvika parizvino anosanganisira Antin Infrastructure Services Luxembourg S.à.rl neAntin Energia Termosolar BV ("Antin"), akaumbwa muLuxembourg neNetherlands, zvichiteerana. Izvi zvakadyara mukuisazve muSpain iyo yakabatsirwa kubva ku2020 rutsigiro chirongwa.

Mubairo wearbitral muna 2018 wakaona kuti Spain yakanga yatyora Energy Charter Treaty payakagadzirisa 2007 renewables rutsigiro chirongwa uye yakaunza chirongwa chitsva chekutsigira muna 2013 nerutsigiro rwakaderera. Dare redzimhosva rakaraira Spain kubhadhara Antin nekurasikirwa kwakatambura nekuda kwekugadziriswa kwechirongwa che2007. Muripo wacho unosvika ku101 miriyoni. Imwe nyaya yakafanana yakaona Spain ichiraira kubhadhara € 41 miriyoni kune wekuGerman anodyara solar investor SolEs Badajoz GmbH yekudzoreredza kucheka mapremium enguva refu yemapurojekiti ayo emagetsi anovandudzwa. Kambani iyi yaiti ine garandi yemakore makumi maviri nemashanu pasi pechirongwa chemitero cha25 icho chakazobviswa. SolEs Badajoz ingori imwe yemakambani akati wandei kuti akunde gakava rakapokana neSpain iro rinotarisana nebhiriji inofungidzirwa kuti € 2007-1.5bn pamusoro peshanduko mutsigiro yesimba rinodzoreredzwa yakaitwa nehutongi hwapfuura.

Nyaya dzakaunzwa pasi peInternational Center for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID), inova “gold standard” system inotungamirwa neWorld Bank. Spain inofungidzirwa kuti ine mibairo yakawanda isina kubhadharwa yeICSID kupfuura chero nyika ipi neipi pasi rose uye inobatana neArgentina, Venezuela, Russia sevasingabhadhare dare rekupedzisira rakapihwa zvikwereti. Kumwe kunhu, European Commission yakavhura "kuferefeta kwakadzama" kuti ione kana mibairo yekupokana yakadaro inoenderana nemitemo yeEU parubatsiro rwehurumende.

Rimwe komisheni rakati: "Parizvino, maonero eKomisheni ekuti mubairo wekupokana ungave rubatsiro rwehurumende." Nekudaro, avo vakadyara musimba rinodzokororwa pasi pechirongwa cheSpanish vakayambira EU kuti, mukutsigira neMadrid muchimiro chayo, Brussels iri panjodzi yekukuvadza zvibodzwa zvayo zvakatemerwa zero. Mumwe muzvinabhizimusi akaudza saiti ino kuti: "Kana Komisheni ikaedza kumisa mibairo iyi zvingave zvinokuvadza kuisazve simba rekudyara uye kuderedza chokwadi chepamutemo mukati meEU."

Hurumende yeSpain, mukuzvidzivirira kwayo, yakambopokana kuti kuderera kwemutengo we solar panels kwaireva kuti indasitiri inogona kuvandudzwa yaikwanisa kubata nekudzikira kwerutsigiro.

Makumi gumi mushure mekunge Spain yatanga kudzoreredza hurongwa hwayo hwekutanga hwekudyisa mutero uyu gakava repamutemo rinogara riripo rinoratidza kusadzikira. Asi vazhinji vanopokana kuti zvakakosha kugadzirisa gakava uye kuti Spain ibhadhare mibairo yekupokana kuitira kudzoreredza chivimbo chevanosima mari munyika uye, pamwe zvakatonyanya kukosha, kuchengetedza Green Deal yeEU yakashambadzirwa.

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