Nei EU ichifanira kumisa chibvumirano chayo chekubatana neSan Marino?

Sezvo hurukuro dzeChibvumirano cheAssociation dzaive nechinangwa chekupa Andorra, San Marino, neMonaco mukana wakazara wekupinda mumusika mumwe chete weEuropean Union dzaive dzichienda kuchikamu chavo chekupedzisira, Sachigaro veEuropean Banking Authority, European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority neEuropean Securities and Markets Authority, masangano ari pakati pehurongwa hweEU hwekutarisira mari, vakanyorera European Commission vachiratidza kushushikana nezvezvikumbiro zvavakati zvaive "njodzi huru" kukuvimbika kwemari kweEU. - anonyora Dick Roche, aimbova gurukota rezveEU reIreland uye aimbova gurukota rezvezvakatipoteredza.

Kupindira uku kwakashamisa EU Commission iyo yakaona zvirongwa zvayo se "nhanho inokosha".

Zvikanganiso zvakawanda uye shanduko dzichangobva kuitika

San Marino, ine nzvimbo yemakiromita makumi matanhatu nerimwe emakiromita ane vanhu vanosvika zviuru makumi matatu nemana, ndeimwe yenyika diki uye dzekare pasi rose. Kare yaionekwa senzvimbo yekuchengetera mitero uko kucheneswa kwemari nekuvanzika kwemari kwave kuri nyore. Mitemo yakasimba yekuvanzika kwemari, kugamuchirwa kwakakura kwekushandiswa kwe 'bearer instruments' uye kusanyatsoongorora kwakaonekwa sekunoita kuti hurongwa hwebhangi hwayo huve nyore kucheneswa kwemari - mukurumbira uyo San Marino yanga ichishanda nesimba kuti iuise shure.

San Marino yave ichinyora runyorwa rwenyaya dzemabhangi nedzemari mumakore apfuura.

Muna Chivabvu 2009 vakuru vakuru vebhangi guru reSan Marino, Cassa di Risparmio della Repubblica di San Marino (CRSM), vakasungwa vachipomerwa mhosva yekubvisa mari nevakuru veItaly. Rimwe bazi rebhangi iri rakaiswa pasi pemutemo wekubhuroka izvo zvakaita kuti CRSM iwane rutsigiro rwakakosha kubva kuhurumende kuti irambe ichishanda nesimba.

Muna 2011 Credito Sammarinese akaferefetwa nekuda kwekugamuchira mari kubva mumabasa asiri pamutemo. Vashandi vakuru mubhangi vakasungwa. Muna Gumiguru 2011 rezenisi rebhangi rakabviswa. Bhangi rakazoiswa mujeri rekumanikidzwa.

Muna 2017 nyaya yeConti-Mazzine yakaona vakuru vezvematongerwo enyika, kusanganisira vaimbova maCaptain Regent (vatungamiriri veNyika) makurukota nevakuru vakuru vachipomerwa mhosva yekupa chiokomuhomwe nekubvisa mari. Vamwe vevakapomerwa vakatongerwa kugara mujeri. Mitongo yakati wandei yakaderedzwa muna 2022.

 Muna 2019, Banco Agricola Commerciale yakaferefetwa nekuda kwezvikwereti zvinofungirwa kuti zvainge zvakakweretwa uye kuburitswa kwemari. Vakuru vebhangi vakamanikidzwa kusiya basa.

Munguva pfupi yapfuura San Marino yakaunza matanho ekugadzirisa zvinhu, ayo kukosha kwawo kwave kuzivikanwa zvakanyanya. Muna 2024 San Marino yakaverengerwa seimwe yenyika dzine njodzi shoma yekutsvaira mari pasi rose: kubudirira kunoshamisa.

Mumavhiki achangopfuura gakava riri kukura, rakagadzirwa neSan Marino rakadzosera pfungwa paSan Marino panguva yakakosha apo hurukuro dzemakore gumi pakati payo neEU pamusoro peChibvumirano cheAssociation dziri kusvika padanho repamusoro.   

Gomba dema re €15 miriyoni

Bhangi riri pakati penyaya iyi, Banco di San Marino rakavambwa muna 1920 sebhangi re Cassa Rurale di Depositi e Prestiti di Faetano, a Sangano remari rekumaruwa rakavambwa nemupristi wechechi yeKatorike weFaetano nevaaigara navo. Kunyange zvazvo risiri sangano re'chechi', ECF yakasimudzira tsika dzechiKaturike nemisimboti yakanyorwa mutsamba yaPope Leo XIII Rerum Novarum.

Muna 2001 bhangi rakachinja kubva pakuva kambani yemubatanidzwa kuenda kukambani yemasheya akabatana. Rakachinjawo zita raro kuita Banco di San Marino. Masheya mazhinji muBanco di San Marino (BSM) aive muEnte Casa di Faetano (ECF), sangano risiri repurofiti 'rine chekuita nechechi' rakavambwawo muna 2001 rakazvipira "kutevera zvinangwa zvinobatsira munharaunda muRepublic of San Marino".

Pakupera kwegore ra2024, Ente Casa di Faetano (ECF) yakabva pane zvakatsanangurwa se'nguva yematambudziko emari nehurongwa' yakasarudza kutengesa chikamu chemari yayo muBSM.  

Muna Ndira 2025 Assen Christov, mukuru weimwe yemakambani makuru muBulgaria akanyorwa pachena kuStarcom Holding AD, akatumira chibvumirano che €36.75 miriyoni chekutenga migove mizhinji muBanco di San Marino. Sezvinowanzoitika mukutengeserana kwakadaro, mota yeSan Marino Group (SMG) yakagadzirwa kuti itarisire kutenga kwacho.

Mumusangano wakaitwa muna Kukadzi 2025, Bhodhi reECA rakavhota 5-0 kuti rigamuchire chikumbiro cheSMG. Kugamuchirwa kwacho kwakasimbiswa nekunyora uye matanho akaiswa kuti gadziriro dzekutenga dzipedziswe.

Chibvumirano chekutenga chakasainwa nevamiriri veSMG, Ente Casa di Faetano (ECF) neBanco di San Marino (BSM) muna Chivabvu 2025.

Panzvimbo pekuisa mari inoshandiswa mukutenga muakaundi ye escrow uko munhu wechitatu asina kwaakarerekera akabata mari kana magwaro panzvimbo yevanhu vari kuita chibvumirano, San Marino Group yakabhadhara 'dhipoziti yekusimbisa' ye €1.425 miriyoni uye yakaisa mari yasara yemutengo wekutanga wakabvumiranwa - €13.57 miriyoni - muakaundi yeBSM. Central Bank of San Marino (BCSM) neBSM vakatsigira chiito ichi sechiratidzo chekuzvipira kweStarcom kutenga. Kuendeswa kwemari kwakaitwa kuburikidza neUniCredit Bulbank AD, bhangi guru muBulgaria, bhangi guru rekushandira boka reStarcom kwemakore makumi matatu.  

Kuratidza kwevatengi vane chivimbo muBSM nemuSan Marino, kwakaratidza kuva chikanganiso chinodhura.

Pakupera kwaChivabvu 2025, SMG nevanogovana navo vakaendesa chikumbiro chepamutemo kuCentral Bank of San Marino vachida mvumo yekutenga muridzi weBSM ane hunyanzvi.

MunaGunyana 2025 San Marino Group SpA neECF vakasaina chibvumirano chekunzwisisana chakaisa hurongwa hwekuzvipira kwavo kushanda pamwe chete mukusimudzira nekugara zvakanaka kwenharaunda yeSammarinese uye kunyanya BSM.

Pane 15^th Gumiguru chibvumirano ichi chakakanganiswa nechiziviso chinoshamisa kubva kumatare eSan Marino: kuferefetwa kwemhosva kwaivhurwa maererano nehurongwa hwekupa mazano hwakaonekwa se "huori hwepachivande" nekuda kwechimwe chikonzero.

Mazuva gumi nerimwe gare gare, Central Bank of San Marino (BCSM) yakazivisa kuti yairamba chikumbiro cheSMG chekubvumidzwa kutenga migove muBanco di San Marino. Zviri pachena kuti Central Bank yakasarudza kuti yaisazomirira chisarudzo chekupedzisira kubva kumatare.

Pakaedza San Marino Group SpA kutanga chibvumirano chekudzoserwa mari muchibvumirano chekutenga, Banco di San Marino (BSM) yakakumbira magwaro asina chekuita nechibvumirano chekutenga masheya. Yakazoudza SMG kuti kupinda muakaundi yayo kwakavharwa nekuda kwemurairo wakapihwa neSan Marino's Financial Intelligence Agency (FIA), sangano rinozvitonga riri muCentral Bank of San Marino rakavambwa muna 2008 kurwisa kubiwa kwemari uye mari yehugandanga.

Mushumo weFinancial Intelligence Agency

Mushumo weFinancial Intelligence Agency (FIA), wakapedzwa kutanga kwaMbudzi, ndiwo unokosha pakunzwisisa matanho akatorwa nevakuru veSan Marino munyaya iyi. Mushumo uyu wakagadzirwa naNicolo Muccioli, Mutungamiriri weFIA.  

Mushure memwedzi unodarika mushure mekusaina gwaro reFIA, VaMuccioli vakasarudzwa kushanda kechipiri saSachigaro weMoneyval yeDare reEurope, iro riri sangano rinoramba riripo reDare reEurope rinoongorora kushanda zvakanaka kwenyika dziri nhengo mukurwisa kubiwa kwemari (AML) uye mari yemagandanga (CFT).

Mushumo weFIA hausi gwaro revanhu vose. Tichifunga nezvebasa rawo munyaya yeBSM, unofanira kunge uri iwo.

Zvakakosha kuti hwaro hwakashandiswa neSan Marino kurwisa boka guru reEU rinoita basa rakakosha muhupfumi hwenyika iri nhengo yeEU huziviswe pachena. Hazvigamuchirwi kuti kukuvara kukuru kwehupfumi kunogona kukonzerwa nekambani iri muEU zvichibva pane zvinopomerwa zviri 'kuvharwa' uye zvisingawanikwe kuti zviongororwe neveruzhinji.

Pane chimwe chikonzero chekuti mushumo uyu uiswe pachena. Mumakore apfuura San Marino yakawana mukurumbira wekuva nzvimbo isina hushamwari yekunyora nhau dzekutsvaga. Mitemo yayo yekusvibisa zita remunhu yakatsoropodzwa nekuda kwemhedzisiro yayo inotyisa pakunyora nhau dzekutsvaga - rudzi rwekunyora nhau rwakakosha zvikuru pakufumura mhosva dzemari. 

Kana San Marino ichida kutaura kuti shanduko dzemasangano ayo dzinoratidza kuchinja kwemamiriro ekare asina kujeka, inofanira kugamuchira kuongororwa kweveruzhinji pamusoro pemashandiro ayo nhasi. Kuburitsa mushumo weFIA nekukurudzira hurukuro yakasununguka pamusoro pawo kungave danho rakanaka.

Nguva yekuti EU ipindire?

Dambudziko riri kuitika pakati peSan Marino Group SpA, Banco di San Marino nemasangano akasiyana-siyana ematare edzimhosva nemabhangi eSan Marino rinogona kutora nguva kuti riitike. 

Panguva ino kuziva mhedzisiro yenyaya iyi kunongova kufungidzira. Pane zvikonzero zvakawanda zvekunetseka kuti nyaya iyi inogona kunge 'yakarasika'.

Nyaya yeBSM ine kukosha kukuru maererano nehukama hweEU neSan Marino. Kunyangarika kwemari inosvika mamiriyoni gumi nemashanu eeuros yakaiswa kubhangi muSan Marino sechikamu chezvaifanira kunge zviri kutenga makambani kwakajairika chimwe chiratidzo chekusawirirana pamusoro peChibvumirano cheAssociation.

Zvichitevera mabhenefiti makuru achawanikwa kuSan Marino kubva kuAssociation Agreement, EU inofanira kushandisa chibvumirano chiri kuuya ichisimbiswa senzira yekukurudzira kuti nyaya yeBSM itongwe nekukurumidza uye pachena.

Kuti izvi zvikurudzirwe, EU inofanira kuisa chibvumirano ichi 'pakumbomira' kusvika mari yakarasika yawanikwa, nyaya yekuva muridzi wayo zviri pamutemo yaonekwa uye zvazvinoreva pakubata nyaya yacho zvaongororwa zvizere.

Kumbomira kwechirongwa ichi kwaizopa European Commission, Council of Ministers, European Parliament, uye paramende dzenyika dzemunyika dziri nhengo nguva yekuwedzera kuti vaongorore zvakadzama zvakazara nezvechibvumirano ichi uye kugadzirira kweSan Marino kuva 'mutambi' akazara mumabasa emari eEU.

Panguva iyo paine gakava rakawanda pamusoro pe'kutyisidzira kwemarudzi akasiyana-siyana' kuEU nenhengo dzayo, kwaizova upenzi kukurumidzira kusimbiswa kwekupedzisira kweChibvumirano cheAssociation ukuwo kusava nechokwadi nezvekukwanisa kweSan Marino kusangana nezvinodiwa muEU 27 yose kuri kushanda.

Mufananidzo ne Philip Myrtorp on Unsplash

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