Sei China neRussia dzisina kubatsira Iran? Ehe, dzakabatsira!

1 NHANGURO

Kazhinji, kunyora nezveMiddle East hakuna zvakunobatsira: hondo yega yega kana dambudziko riri muchikamu chino chenyika rinogara richiguma rava rudzi rutsva rwekusagadzikana. Kana munhu achida kupfuura zvatinoziva nezvehurongwa hwechibvumirano chiri kukurukurwa naPresident Trump neMutungamiriri Mukuru weIran, Mojtaba Khamenei, saka tiri kuenda kune imwe nhanho, kureva kuti, varwi vaviri ava vakabvumirana chinyararire pakati pavo kuti vanoda nguva yekupora kubva muhondo iripo, vasati vagadzirira imwe hondo: Zvakaita sekunge murenje risina muganhu, dune rabviswa panzvimbo yaro uye jecha rese raungana pasi penzira kuti rigadzire rimwe dune zvichiita kuti mugwagwa unoenda kunzvimbo ine njodzi sepakutanga, anonyora Vidya S. Sharma Ph.D.

Middle East inzvimbo ine matambudziko asingagadzirisiki, asina kujeka, kana kuti asingagadzirisiki (kana kuti asingagadzirisiki) uye inzvimbo yekuitira zvakaipa nyika dzine simba repasi rose neredunhu remazuva ano.

Ndosaka ndichidzivisa kunyora nezveMiddle East. Zvisinei, shamwari dzangu/vatengi vangu nevaverengi veEUReporter vakandikumbira kuti nditsanangure kuti sei Russia neChina zvisina kubatsira Iran panguva yehondo iripo. pfungwa yekuti vaifanira kunge vakauya kuzobatsira Iran kana kuti zvairatidza kuti kushaya simba kwavo kwaikonzerwa zvinyorwa zvishoma/nhau mune zvikuru midhiya nemagazini/magazini pakubata zvekunze.

Kuti tinzwisise mhinduro yeChina neRussia, tinofanira kunzwisisa kuti US, China neRussia vanoona sei nyika zvakasiyana.

2 Musiyano uripo pakati pedu nevekuChina vanochengetedza zvinhu

Maonero eUS neChina akasiyana zvakanyanya pamaonero avo enyika. Uyezve, maonero eRussia akasiyana zvikuru neaChina neeUS.

Nzira yekuchengetedza yeUS yakabva pane zvakaitika uye basa rayo muHondo Yenyika II. Inovimba nekubatana kwezvibvumirano zvemauto (semuenzaniso, NATO, zvibvumirano zvayo zvenyika mbiri nenyika dzakasiyana dzeGulf, Israel, Japan, South Korea, ANZAC (nenyika mbiri: Australia neNew Zealand), AUKUS, nezvimwewo).

US inoti inokurudzira kurongeka kwenyika dzese "kwakavakirwa pamitemo", asi ine nhoroondo refu yekutyora mitemo iyoyo kuti iite zvinangwa zvayo zvematongerwo enyika. Semuenzaniso, NATO kana Mutungamiri Clinton havana kutsvaga mvumo kubva kuUN Security Council (uye panyaya yeClinton Administration, mvumo kubva kuCongress yakanga isipo) vasati vatanga kurwisa Federal Republic of Yugoslavia muna 1999 (muchokwadi, Serbia neMontenegro). Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo, ndapota ona bepa raJohn Yoo rine musoro unoti "Hondo dzeUN nemasimba ehondo eUS" mu Chinyorwa cheChicago cheMutemo Wepasi Pose (2000).

Saizvozvowo, Mutungamiri Bush Jr. vakapinda muIraq (Iraq War Mark II) vasina kubvumidzwa neUN. Munyori Mukuru weUN panguva iyoyo Kofi Annan akataura pachena kuti kupinda kwacho kwakanga kusiri "kuenderana neUN Charter" uye, kubva pamaonero eUN, "kwakanga kusiri pamutemo pasi pemutemo wepasi rose". Chisarudzo chakaiswa nehurumende yaBush Jr. hachina kungorambidzwa neRussia chete asiwo neFrance.

Mutungamiri Obama aive ne Kutsigirwa kweUN kutanga kurwisa kwemauto kuLibya (muna 2011), asi havana kumbotsvaga mvumo yeUS Congress. Zvisinei, panyaya yeSyria, pazviitiko zvese (kutanga muna 2013, uye zvakare nekuda kwekurwisa kwemauto eISIS muna 2014), Obama haana kumbobvira atsigirwa neUN kana mvumo kana US Congress. Libya kana Syria hazvina kumbobvira zvatyisidzira US.

Saizvozvowo, Mutungamiri Trump akapinda muVenezuela ndokurwisa Iran asina kutsvaga mvumo yeCongress kana UN. Kuvharirwa kwake Cuba, zviri pamutemo chiito chehondo, hakuna mvumo yeUN kana yeUS Congress. Hapana kana imwe yenyika idzi nhatu yakatyisidzira US.

Zvese zvitatu zvakaitika munguva pfupi yapfuura muhurongwa hwekunze hwaMutungamiri Trump hazvisi pamutemo kana zvichitongwa kuburikidza nemaonero emutemo wepasi rose (hurongwa hwakavakirwa pamitemo sezvakarongwa neUS nenyika dzemuEurope, kunyanya NATO) kana zvichienderana neBumbiro reMitemo reUS.

Kutaura zvazviri, vatungamiriri vese kubvira paNixon (kunze kwaJimmy Carter, uyo asina kumbobvira atanga hondo) vagara vachiregeredza kukumbira mvumo kuCongress. Vamwe havana kana kumbozvinetsa kuzivisa Congress.

Uyezve, kushandisa zvombo nemaune hurongwa hwemari yepasi rose uye dhora rekuAmerica (zvakare, tsika iyi inotangira kare seClinton Administration) mienzanisowo yekutyora mutemo wekuti "mitemo" ifambire mberi zvinangwa zveUS zvekunze (vamwe vangati kudzvinyirira dzimwe nyika kuti dzitevedzere mutemo weUS).

Dzimwe nguva US yakashandisawo michina yayo ye tekinoroji. Semuenzaniso, panguva yeHondo yeKargil (muna 1999), India yairwa nePakistan munzvimbo yakatwasuka yeHimalayas. Mabhomba eIndia nemauto emuchadenga zvaisakwanisa kubatwa, zvichida zvaisakwanisa kubatwa nemabhunu ePakistan zvachose kana kurova mauto avo aifambira mberi. India yakakumbira US kuti ipe India makiyi ekudzivirira eGPS kuti ideredze mukana wekukanganisa kubva pamamita zana kusvika pamamita mashanu. Hurumende yaClinton yakaramba chikumbiro ichi sechirango kuIndia nekuti gore rapfuura muna 1998, India yakaedza kuputika kwebhomba renyukireya kashanu paPokhran.

NZIRA 3 DZECHISHAN DZEKUWANA PFUNGWA YENYIKA DZOSE

Kune rumwe rutivi, muenzaniso weChina unowanzo sarudza kuzvitonga kwenyika, kureva kuti, kusapindira munyaya dzemukati medzimwe nyika nechikonzero chekudzivirira kutyorwa kwekodzero dzevanhu. Muenzaniso unonyanya kuoneka wemutemo uyu ndeweChina. rutsigiro rwakaramba rwuchienderera mberi rwemauto eMyanmar uye hukama hwayo hwepedyo zimbabwe, izvo zvakatanga kare kare Robert Mugabe akasunga uye/kana kudzinga vese vaimupikisa pasinei neruvara rweganda ravo.

China inosarudza kugadzikana kwemukati (kwete kupikisa zvematongerwo enyika) uye kuchengetedzeka kunotungamirwa nehupfumi. Kodzero dzevanhu, pachena mukutonga, sarudzo dzakarurama, musimboti wekuti hapana ari pamusoro pemutemo, nezvimwewo, zvinoonekwa sezvinhu zvemukati uye nekudaro hazviite basa mukuverenga kweChina.

Kuti nyika iwane kugadzikana mukati, China inopa mapurisa ayo nevashandi vekuchengetedza kuti vadzidzise mapurisa enyika yavari kuda. Inopawo nyika yavari kuda kushandisa software, maapplication, uye hardware zvinodiwa pakuongorora.

China inoona US senyika ine simba guru rinotonga nyika imwe chete. China inoramba kubatana kwemauto uye inokurudzira pfungwa yeramangwana rakagovaniswa kuburikidza nehurongwa hwayo hwekutonga. Global Security Initiative (GSI). GSI ndeimwe yenhatu dzakakurudzirwa naXi dzekugadzirisa hurongwa hwenyika.

GSI yakatanga kurongwa na Mutungamiri Xi Jinping muna Kubvumbi 2022GSI inoti kuchengetedzeka kwemukati nekugadzikana ndizvo zvinhu zvinodiwa kuti pave nebudiriro yehupfumi.

China inoona kugadzikana kwezvematongerwo enyika munyika yakatarisana nayo sekwakakosha zvikuru kuitira kuti mapurojekiti eChina (semuenzaniso, zviteshi zvengarava, tambo dze fiber optic dzepasi pegungwa dzekutaurirana, dzimba itsva dzeparamende (yakavakwa kusvika pari zvino munyika gumi neshanu), nezvimwewo) haizosangana nekupikisa kwezvematongerwo enyika.

Mapurojekiti aya munyika yakatarisana neChina anoshanda panguva imwe chete muzvinangwa zvitatu: (a) kusimudzira kuvapo kweChina pasi rose uye mukurumbira wayo, (b) kusimbisa chinzvimbo chemuenzaniso wayo wehupfumi unotungamirwa nekutengesa kunze kwenyika, uye (c) kubatanidza ramangwana rehupfumi hwenyika iyoyo neChina; kazhinji, China inoziva kuti nyika iri kutaurwa nezvayo haizokwanisi kubhadhara zvikwereti. Ndokusaka nyika dzekumadokero dzichiti China's Debt trap diplomacy.

GSI "inotsigira zvikuru kuwedzera kwebasa remapurisa epasi rose eChina senzira yekuti China ibatsire mukupa zvinhu zvekuchengetedza pasi rose". Semuenzaniso, China yanga ichitevera mutemo uyu nenyika dziri muSouth Pacific Island kuti dzisashandise simba radzo uye kuderedza simba reAustralia uye kudzvanya US.

Ndiko kunobva zvirongwa zvehupfumi zveChina zvakaita sekubatsira nekuvaka Digital Silk Road (data centres, kuisa tambo dze fiber optic pasi pevhu muSouth Pacific Sea, masisitimu ekufamba nesatellite (akadai seBeiDou) ane chekuita nemapurojekiti makuru munyika dzeGulf, nezvimwewo), chirongwa chayo chikuru cheBelt and Road (BRI), The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), nezvimwewo zvinonyatsotsanangurwa uye kunzwisiswa.

4 CHINHU CHIRI KUWEDZERA KWEMASOJA (EMVURA) ECHINA

Pamutemo, China ine nzvimbo imwe chete yemauto ehondo yekune dzimwe nyika, kureva kuti, muDjibouti paHorn of Africa pedyo neBab-el-Mandeb Strait. Nzvimbo iyi ine nzvimbo dzekuchengetedza mauto akawanda, dzekugara mahelikoputa uye dzekutakura ngarava dzinotakura ndege.

Zvisinei, China yave kukura nekukurumidza asi chinyararire its zviratidzo zvekunze kwenyika.

In Nzvimbo yehondo yeReam yeCambodia, Ngarava dzehondo dzeChina dzinoramba dziripo kwenguva refu.

China's Maitiro e "tambo dzemaparera" izvo zvinosanganisira kugadzira hukama hwekutengeserana nemauto pamwe nekuvaka zvivakwa zvechiteshi muSri Lanka, Pakistan, Myanmar, Bangladesh, nezvimwewo, zvinogona kushandurwa kuita nzvimbo dzehondo dzemugungwa pasina dambudziko guru. "Maparera" aya anobatsira China kuratidza simba rayo muIndian Ocean, kukomberedza India uye kudzvinyirira sarudzo dzeUS. Iri kuvakawo zviteshi zvengarava munyika dzeAfrica izvo zvinogona kushandurwa nekukurumidza kuita nzvimbo dzehondo dzemugungwa.

Kufanana neUS, pane musiyano mukuru pakati pezvinoparidzwa neChina nezviito zvayo. Inofuratira zvakawanikwa pamutemo kana zvikapesana nezvido zvayo.

China ine miganhu yenyika kana yegungwa nenyika makumi maviri nerimwe uye iri kushanda nesimba mukukakavadzana kwemiganhu nenzvimbo dzinenge gumi nenomwe dzevavakidzani vayoHazvina kumboitwa vasingade kushandisa simba kugadzirisa gakava iri.

Semuenzaniso, muna 2016, dare revatongi pasi peDare Repamusorosoro reParamende (PCA) muThe Hague rakatonga zvakasimba richitsigira Philippines, richibvisa zvichemo zveChina zve "nine-dash line" pamusoro peSouth China Sea. PCA yakasimbisa kodzero dzekutonga dzeManila.

Mutongo uyu waisungirwa zviri pamutemo pasi peSangano reUnited Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). Asi Hurumende yeChina yakarambwa zvachose chisarudzo ichi, vachichipa zita rekuti "hachina basa".

MuSouth China Sea, China ine yakavaka zvitsuwa makumi maviri nenomwe zvakagadzirwa nevanhu (Zvitsuwa zvinomwe zvakagadzirwa nevanhu zvakavakwa kubva pakutanga muSpratly Islands pakati peVietnam nePhilippines) uye nzvimbo dzemauto makumi maviri dziri kuchamhembe pakati peParacel Islands.

Idzi zvivakwa zvakasimbiswa zvikuru uye China inozviona senzvimbo yemuno pasi pechikumbiro chayo che "Nine-Dash Line". Pasi pemutemo wepasi rose, nzvimbo idzi hadzisi pamutemo.

Yakaisa Taiwan Strait mumauto zvekuti yave nzvimbo isingabvumirwi kunyange neUS Navy.

Rabhoritari reKutsvagisa reAidData yakaona dzimwe nyika dzakawanda uko China iri kuvaka zvivakwa zvechiteshi zvinogona kushandurwa kuita nzvimbo dzehondo dzemugungwa kana zvichidikanwa.

China iri kuedza kukanganisa kugona kweUSA kuisa zvirango zvakasiyana-siyana nekurambidza nyika/vanhu/masangano kushandisa SWIFT (Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication) network yemabhanga. Iyi yekupedzisira yakagadzirwa nemasangano anobva kuUS, European Union nenyika dzeG-7. Kuti irwise SWIFT China yakagadzira Cross-Border Interbank Payment System (CIPS). China inokurudzira makambani anotengesa neChina nedzimwe nyika kuti ashandise CIPS. Kuburikidza neCIPS, China iri kuedza kuita kuti Renminbi (RMB) ive mari yepasi rose.

Muchidimbu, China iri kuramba ichiwedzera kuva muvengi/mukwikwidzi ane simba uye ichiri kuramba iri nyika inoramba kuchinja nyika. Zvinosuwisa kuti, US iri kuitawo senyika inoramba kuchinja nyika kana munhu akatevedzera zvakataurwa naTrump nezveGreenland neCanada.

5 Muenzaniso weRussia

Russia neChina zvinosimudzira pfungwa yekuti US iri kutsvaga nyika imwe chete ine simba guru uko US ndiyo yega nyika ine simba guru uye dzimwe nyika dzose dzinofanira kutevedzera mutemo wekunze unotarisirwa nenyika dziri pasi payo.

China inotenda munyika ine vanhu vanochinja-chinja (kureva kuti, US neChina zvinoparadzanisa nyika). Kune rumwe rutivi, Russia inotenda mumuenzaniso wenyika ine vanhu vakawanda kana kuti ine vanhu vakawanda.

Ipfungwa iyi yakajairika yekuti US isimba guru rinokurudzira China neRussia kuti vashande pamwe chete uye vaedze kutsausa US kana kutonga kweWestern kunoitwa kuburikidza nemasangano akadai seInternational Monetary Fund, World Bank, SWIFT inter-bank international clearing system, International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (inodzorwa neWorld Bank), The International Court of Justice (muThe Hague), The International Criminal Court (muThe Hague), uye network yenzvimbo dzegungwa nenzvimbo dzakapararira pasi rese, nezvimwewo. Uyezve, kusvika munguva pfupi yapfuura, zvibvumirano zvese zvepasi rose zvainyorwa nemadhora ekuAmerica.

Asi pane musiyano mukuru pakati pemaonero eChina neRussia pasi rose.

Hupfumi hweChina hwakavakirwa pakuva fekitori yekugadzira zvinhu pasi rose. Nekuda kweizvozvo, China inoda kushanda mukati mehurongwa uhu, ichiona kuti hunoramba hwakagadzikana asi ichida kugadzirisa hurongwa huri kutungamirwa nenyika dzekuMadokero kuti huenderane nemaonero eChina.

Kune rumwe rutivi, Russia ine chinangwa chekukanganisa nekubvisa simba reUS kana reWestern nekushandisa mukana wekusagadzikana kwezvematongerwo enyika. Muenzaniso weRussia unovimba nesimba guru (sekufanana neUS), kusawirirana kusingaenzaniswi (hondo dzeproxy kungave nekutsigira nyika dzakananga sezvazvaive muSyria kana kuburikidza nemauto evarwi sezviri munyika zhinji dzemuAfrica), uye kutamba basa remuparadzi wehondo (mabasa akafanana neaya akaita nyika mbiri dzine simba - US neSoviet Union - panguva yeCold War).

Russia ine nhare kana kuti hupfumi hwakazvimiririra. Saka Russia inokurudzira muenzaniso wekuti nyika dzichazvimirira mune zvehupfumi. Inopa budiriro mune zvehupfumi, asi inonyanya kukoshesa kutengesa zvombo, ichipa mauto ehondo kurwisa kupandukira/kupikisa kwezvematongerwo enyika (semuenzaniso, Mali, Niger, Burkina Faso, Sudan, Equatorial Guinea, Yepakati Ripabhuriki Afrika, nezvimwewo), uye nzira yekunzvenga zvirango zvekumadokero.

6 Nei China isina kubatsira Iran pachena

Iran ine hukama hwakasimba hwezvehupfumi nekudzivirira neChina neRussia. Semuenzaniso, pakati pe 80 - 90 muzana yemafuta ayo anotengeswa kunze kwenyika enda kuChina wobva wadzoka Iran inotenga kubva kune yekupedzisira mota, matarakita, marori, nezvikamu zvemotokari, michina yemagetsi neyemagetsi, uye hunyanzvi hwetekinoroji nezvinhu zvinoshandiswa muzvikamu zvehurumende nezvekudzivirira. Saka, munhu angafunga kuti China ichatsigira Iran pachena muhondo yayo neUS neIsrael.

Zvisinei, China yave nepfuma uye simba rehondo nekushandisa mikana yekutengeserana kwenyika dzese, nekuba matekinoroji kubva kunyika dzekuMadokero, uye kuita sehupfumi hwemusika (chikomborero chakapihwa China neMutungamiri Clinton nekutsigira nhengo yeChina muWorld Trade Organisation) ukuwo ichitsigira zvakanyanya maindasitiri ayo anotarisa kune dzimwe nyika.

China yakasimbisa hupfumi hwayo muhupfumi hwenyika dzainotumira kunze kwenyika. Nekuda kweizvozvo, China haidi kukanganisa hurongwa huripo. Inongoda kuhugadzirisa nenzira inokodzera China kusvika padanho rekuti inogona kutonga hurongwa huripo kana kuhutonga pamwe chete neUS. Haidi kukanganisa ngoro yemaapuro. Inongoda kugadzirisa maapuro kuitira kuti maapuro ayo ave pamusoro.

Kunyange hazvo China ingave iine hukama hwepedyo neIran, asi zvakare mhizha pamwe chete nenyika dzese dzeGulf States pamwe neIsrael. Regai nditaure zvimwe zvezvinhu zvinofarirwa neChina muhupfumi hwenyika dzeGulf States.

Makambani ekuChina ekutaurirana nekufambisa zvinhu vari kupa zvivakwa zve5G/6G zvechizvarwa chinotevera, cloud computing, uye masisitimu eAI ezvirongwa zvikuru muUAE neSaudi Arabia. China inoshandisa Dubai's Jebel Ali port senzvimbo huru yekudzosera zvinhu kunze kwenyika kuti igovane zvinhu zvayo kuMiddle East neAfrica. Nyika dzeGulf Cooperation Council (GCC) dzakatora chikamu chepamutemo muchirongwa ichi. muChina's Belt and Road Initiative uye inhengo dzeShanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) neBRICS+.

Haisi mugwagwa wekuenda kune mumwe chete. China inovimba zvakanyanya ne Gulf nyika kuti igutse zvinodiwa nemagetsi ayo. Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Iran, United Arab Emirates (UAE), neOman ndidzo nyika dzinotengesa mafuta asina kucheneswa kuChina. Saizvozvowo, Qatar yakasaina gasi rechisikigo rakanyungudutswa kwenguva refu. zvibvumirano (LNG) nemakambani ekuChina.

Kune China, zvainyanya kukosha kuchengetedza nekufambisira mberi zvido zvayo zvehupfumi neGulf States dzakapfuma pane kutsigira Iran pachena. Paruzhinji, rutsigiro rwayo kuIran rwaingova rwekusatsoropodza Iran nekupomera US kuti ndiyo yakatanga chirongwa ichi. zvisiri pamutemo nehondo isina kurwiswa. Yakatsoropodzawo US nekuda kwayo blockade yeStrait of Hormuz.

To kubvisa US kubva kuMiddle EastChina yave kushanda nesimba kuti inyengetedze Nyika dzeGulf neEgypt dzichaita chibvumirano chekuchengetedza.

Rubatsiro rwe7 rweRussia neChina kuIran

Kutaura zvazviri, Russia neChina zvakabatsira Iran zvakanyanya asi chinyararire munguva yehondo uye zvichiri kuramba zvichibatsira Iran kukunda matambudziko akakonzerwa nekuvharirwa kwePersian Gulf nemauto emugungwa neUS.

Zvisinei, zvinofanira kurangarirwa kuti Iran haina chibvumirano chekuchengetedza nechero imwe yadzo. Nemamwe mashoko, dzaisava nechisungo chepamutemo chekubatsira Iran.

Mumazuva mashoma ekutanga ehondo, kurwiswa kwemabhomba kweUS neIsrael kwakaderedza zvakanyanya kugona kweIran kuongorora kwakazvimirira uye vakati vakanga vava kuda kusvika padanho rekuita izvozvo. kutonga kwakazara kwenzvimbo yendege yeIran.

Asi maererano ne Congressional Research Service, Ndege dzehondo dzeUS dzinosvika makumi mana nembiri dzakarasika kana kukuvara panguva yeHondo yeIran. Uyezve, zvichienderana nenhamba dzehondo dzakanyorwa, Israeri yakarasika 7 ndege.

Washington Post yakabvunza Mark Cancian, mumwe wevaimbova Colonel weMarine Corps, uyo akarega basa (iye zvino ari kuCenter for Strategic and International Studies), kuti kuongorora data resatellite Cancian akawana kuti Iran yakarova midziyo yemauto eUS yakawanda kupfuura yakashumwa.

CNN yakawanawo kuti zvirinani Nzvimbo gumi nematanhatu dzemauto eAmerica zvakakuvadzwa mukurwiswa kweIran, zvichiumba nzvimbo zhinji dzeUS kuMiddle East. Dzimwe dzenzvimbo dzeUS dzakakuvadzwa zvakanyanya.

Iran yakakwanisa kukuvadza zvakanyanya nekuti Russia yaibatsira Iran zvakanyanya ruzivo rwekutsvaga ruzivo panguva chaiyo, Kusanganisira nzvimbo chaidzo uye mafambiro engarava dzehondo dzeUnited States, ndege, uye mauto, kubva pakatanga gakava reUS neIsrael neIran musi wa28 Kukadzi 2026. Kunze kwekupa ruzivo rwekutevera, Russia yakadzidzisawo vashandi veIran nzira dzepamusoro dzekushandisa madrone zvichibva pane zvakaitika kuRussia muUkraine.

Mutungamiri weUkraine Zelenskyy akadaro Politico kuti Russia yaigadzira mapu emidziyo yeUS yekubatsira Iran. Akatiwo Russia yakapa mifananidzo yesatellite kuTehran, kusanganisira mifananidzo yePrince Sultan Air Base muSaudi Arabia, iyo yakazorwiswa neIran gare gare.

Avo vanoziva nezveHondo yeUkraine neRussia vanotoziva kuti Russia inotenga madrone kubva kuIran. Russia inotengesa kuIran gorosi, zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvekurima uye midziyo yemauto yepamusoro uye zvinhu zvetekinoroji zvinoshandiswa kaviri.

Munguva yekumisa moto pari zvino, kuburikidza nyika yakakiyiwa yeGungwa reCaspian, Russia iri kutumira kwete zvigadzirwa zvekurima chete asiwo zvinhu zvemauto nezvekutengeserana kusimbisa kugona kweTehran kutsungirira kurwiswa kweUS uye kugadzirira Iran kutangazve kwehondo (izvo zvingangoitika kana hurukuro pakati peIran neUS dzikasabereka zvibereko nekuda kwekuti varwi vese vari vaviri vanotevedzera zvavanoda).

Saizvozvowo, Pakistan, inozivikanwa nehukama hwayo hwepedyo hwekudzivirira nehupfumi neChina, yave yakavhura nzira nhanhatu dzepasi kutakura zvinhu zvekunze kwenyika (verenga China) kuenda kuIran. Iran ine nzira yekutengeserana yakananga kuenda kuChina kuburikidza neChina's Bricks and Road Initiative (BRI).

Vidya S. Sharma inopa zano vatengi panjodzi yenyika uye tekinoroji-yakavakirwa kubatana. Akapa zvinyorwa zvakawanda zvemapepanhau ekunyepedzera akadai se: The Canberra Times, The Sydney Morning Herald, Age (Melbourne), Australian Financial Review, The Economic Times (India),Bhizinesi Standard (India), EU Mutori wenhau (Brussels), East Asia Foramu (Canberra), The Business Line (Chennai, India), Nguva yeHindustan (India), The Financial Express (India), The Daily Caller (US. Anogona kufonerwa pa: [email inodzivirirwa].

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