Shanduko dzaidiwa kuPortugal judicial system

Hurongwa hwekutonga kwechiPutukezi hwakwezva kutsoropodza kukuru mumakore achangopfuura uye zvinoda kugadziriswa zvawana mukurumbira.

Kufona kwakadai kwakawedzera kutsva mumazuva achangopfuura zvichitevera danho razvino rekupokana rekubvisa mhosva dzakakomba kune aimbove Mutungamiriri wePortugal, Jose Socrates.

Mumwe mutongi muLisbon akatonga kuti, anopfuura makore matanhatu mushure mekusungwa kwake mukuferefetwa kukuru kwehuori, Socrates achamira pamberi pedare, asi achingopomerwa mhosva shoma dzekuba mari nekunyepera magwaro. Mumutongo wakaita kuti munyika muve nekutya kukuru, mutongi akarasa kupomerwa kwehuwori kuna Socrates sekusasimba, kusapindirana kana kushaya humbowo hwakakwana, uye akataura kuti mutemo wekumisa wapera pane vamwe vavo.

Rosa akarasawo mhosva yekubirira mutero kuna Socrates, uyo achatongwa nemhosva nhatu dzekubira mari inoita imwe miriyoni 1.7 uye mamwe matatu emagwaro ekunyepa ane chekuita nezvibvumirano zvebasa uye kutenga nekurojesa imba muParis.

Munyika ine mukurumbira wekunonoka kutonga, zvakatora vachuchisi makore matatu mushure mekusungwa kwaSocrates kumupomera zviri pamutemo mhosva makumi matatu nembiri dzinonzi dzakapara muna 31-2006.

Idzo dzaisanganisira mhosva dzemari muchirongwa chinonzi chinosanganisira aimbova mukuru weBanco Espirito Santo (BES), iyo yakadonha muna 2014 pasi pegomo rechikwereti.

BES yaive yechipiri yakakura yakazvimiririra zvemari muPortugal. Mhanya kweanoda kusvika makore zana nemakumi mashanu neimwe yemhuri dzakapfuma uye dzine simba muPortugal, mhuri yeEspírito Santo, zviitiko zvayo zvaisanganisira kushanya, hutano nekurima.

Asi bhangi rakakundikana uye, muna 2014, raifanira kununurwa uye BES yakazopatsanurwa kuita "bhangi rakanaka", rakanzi Novo Banco, uye "bhangi rakashata". Novo Banco yakadzoserwa mari inosvika 4.9 bhiriyoni nebhanga rakakosha Resolution Fund iyo yaisanganisira €4.4bn kubva mudunhu rePortugal.

Asi izvi hazvina kuita zvishoma kudzoreredza chivimbo uye Novo Banco yaizodimbura mabasa 1,000 150 kubatsira kudzikisa mutengo wekushandisa neXNUMX miriyoni sechikamu chehurongwa hwekugadzirisa EU.

Kudzoka muna 2011 panguva yekusungwa kwake, mufananidzo waSocrates ari mumotokari yemapurisa achienda kunotarisana nemibvunzo yehuori yakashamisa vazhinji vechiPutukezi. Socrates akasiya basa pakati pegore rake rechipiri remakore mana muna 2011 sezvo dambudziko rechikwereti raiwedzera rakamumanikidza kuti akumbire bailout yenyika. Panguva imwecheteyo, gurukota rezvemukati mePortugal panguva iyoyo, Miguel Macedo, vakasiya basa zvichitevera kumwe kuferefetwa kwehuwori hunonzi hune chekuita nekugoverwa kwemvumo dzekugara.

Saka, izvi nezvimwe zvinonyadzisa zvinotiudzei nezvemamiriro ekutonga kwePortugal?

Zvakanaka, mhosva yepakutanga yakapomera Socrates nekuita basa rakakosha uye kugamuchira mamirioni emaeuro muchirongwa chaisanganisira akanyadzisa aimbova mukuru weEspirito Santo banking empire. BES inogona kunge yakaguma kuvapo asi mushure mekufa kwayo yakaunza mabhiriyoni emaeuro mukurasikirwa kune vateresi nevanogovanisa uye nevaimbova vepamusoro ndarira vakapomerwa dzimwe mhosva mukuferefeta kwakasiyana.

Yakanga isiri nguva yekutanga Socrates, zvino ane makore makumi matanhatu nematatu, akazviwana ari pakati pemisoro yenhau isingadikanwi. Akatanga adzidzira kuita civil technical engineer, asi basa iroro rakazopera nekudzingwa kwake achinzi aiva nekuvaka kwakashata. Muna 63, nyaya yakamuka pamusoro pekuti akambowana dhigirii chairo here. Pakati pemamwe mapoinzi ake akaderera, akawira pasi pekufungirwa kuita basa achiri Gurukota rezvezvakatipoteredza muna 2007, uye akabvumidza rezinesi rekuvaka hofori mall kunze kweLisbon, pamwe pane inofungidzirwa kuti yakachengetedzwa. Socrates ndiye aipomerwa kuti mari yaibhadharwa zvisiri pamutemo. Nyaya yehuwori iya yakazoraswa.

Kare muna 2014 Transparency International yakati hurongwa hwekutonga muPortugal hwaive "hwakaoma" neshumo rayo richiwedzera kuti kubvunza zvine chekuita nehupfumi, mari nehuwori kwakakonzera kushomeka kwemhosva, tisingaregi mitongo yejeri.

"Pane dambudziko guru rekushaikwa kwekuita kwekururamisira," yakagumisa kudaro.

Muna 2015, Gabriela Knaul, mumiriri weUnited Nations pamusoro pekuzvimiririra kwevatongi nemagweta, akashanyira Portugal, kwaakawana hurongwa hwekutonga "huchinonoka, hunodhura uye hwakaoma kunzwisisa."

Chirevo chakasiyana, chinodaidzwa kuti 'Justice in the Union Scoreboard', chinoti hurongwa hwekutonga hwePortugal hunokunda dzimwe nhengo dzese paavhareji yenguva yakatorwa kupedza nyaya dzematare. Nguva yakatorwa kugadzirisa nyaya dzevagari vemo yakakura zvekuti kupatsanurwa kwePortugal kwakange kwave kuderera zvekuti veruzhinji vaifanira kumirira kwemazuva ari pakati pe900 ne1,100 nyaya dzisati dzapera.

Vachuchisi nevatongi vawedzera chirongwa chekurwisa huwori munyika inozivikanwa nekutadza kutonga kwayo asi nyaya yaSocrates nezvakawanikwa zvakadaro zvichapedza kuverenga kunoodza mwoyo kune avo vanoti zvishoma zvachinja, kwete kusununguka kwevatongi uye kuwana kururamisira kwevatongi. varombo.

Muna 2016, Joao Costa, director weArpial-metals anogadzira masimbi, akati, "Kururamisira kunoshanda zvakanyanya, hakuna kumbobvira kwashanda uye ndinokahadzika kuti kuchazomboshanda."

Nhasi, vamwe vatongi nemabhizinesi muPortugal vanoti sisitimu iyi haina kumbobvira yanyatsogadziriswa uye ongororo yakadzama yenyaya-yakatakura data inoratidza kuti yakavandudza zvishoma pane izvo zviri pamutemo zvinoratidzwa.

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