Kuurayiwa kweHolocaust neBullets: Kupupurira kuLithuania Ponary uye Fort IX Massacres.

naMichel Gourary

Nhasi, mumasango akanyarara ePonary pedyo neVilnius, Lithuania, nzvimbo yacho ine runyararo runotyisa. Pasi pesango pane nhoroondo inotyisa iyo inokosha kuyeuka, kunyanya sezvo Lithuania inocherechedza Zuva reChirangaridzo cheNyika yeKuurayiwa kwevaJudha veLithuania. Kufora kwepagore uku kubva kune yaichimbova Vilnius ghetto kuenda kuguva revanhu vakawanda muPonary chiyeuchidzo chinobaya mwoyo chezvinotyisa zvakaitirwa maJuda ekuLithuania panguva yeHolocaust, kuuraya kwakauraya maJuda zviuru makumi manomwe pakati pa70,000 na1941.

Kuurayiwa kwePonary chiratidzo kwete chete chekushanda kwehutsinye hweNazi asiwo kune kubatana uye kuwirirana kwevagari vemo. Basa rinoshanda remauto eLithuania, pasina kutariswa kwakananga kubva kuvagari veGerman, rinoratidza kudzika kwekusagadzikana kwakadzika kwakakonzera kuuraya uku. Kurangarira kwegore negore, iko zvino kunotsigirwa naKurume weVapenyu, chiitiko chakakosha chekupupurira, sezvakaita basa ravo rakakura rekuita vechidiki mudzidzo yeHolocaust uye yekurangarira.

Nhoroondo yePonary, yave kuzivikanwa seimwe yenzvimbo dzine hutsinye hweHolocaust, muenzaniso unotyisa wemabatirwo akaitwa kuuraya vanhu vakawanda pachena, nguva refu makamuri egasi nemisasa yerufu yakabudirira isati yafanana nehutsinye hweNazi. Kunozivikanwa se "Holocaust by Bullets," kuurayiwa kwekutanga uku kwaive kuurayiwa kwemaitiro nemauto eGermany nevabatsiri veko, zvichikonzera makuva makuru akazara nezviuru zvevanhu vasina mhosva.

Asi, pasinei nehukuru hwekutambudzika, kwemakumi emakore, kuyeuka kwePonary neKaunas Fort IX kuurayiwa, uye basa revashandi veLithuanian, rakaramba rakavharika, rakakanganiswa, kana, kazhinji, rakakanganwa. Uku kukanganisa kwaisangova chibereko chezvematongerwo enyika mushure mehondo chete asiwo chekuedza nesimba kwakaitwa nevaNazi nevamwe vavo kudzima humbowo hwemhosva dzavo. Nenzira inotyisa, boka revasungwa vechiJudha rakamanikidzwa kufukunura uye kupisa zvitunha zvevamwe vavo vakaurayiwa kuti vavhare nzira dzevapari vemhosva. Vasungwa ava, vakasungwa necheni pasi pevhu mumabharaki, vakachera mugero muchivande mune rimwe remakomba ePonary vachishuvira rusununguko. Muna Kubvumbi 1944, makumi mana vavo vakapukunyuka nemumugero iwoyo, asi gumi nerimwe chete vakapona. Kutiza kwavo nezvipupuriro zvaifanira kuva zvakabatira soufakazi husingarambiki hwoutsinye hwakaitika, bva nhau dzavo dzaiwanzoshorwa kana kuti kufuratirwa.

PaFort IX muKaunas (Kovno), musi waZvita 25, 1943, vasungwa 64, vakamanikidzwa kuvhara zvakasara zvemhosva dzakaparwa nevaNazi nevamwe vavo veko, vakakwanisawo kutiza ndokupa uchapupu.

Chikamu chechikonzero chekurangarira kwaPonary naKaunas kwakadzikira mukusajeka kuri munhoroondo dzepashure pehondo yeSoviet, iyo yaitsvaga kudzima humbowo hwekutambura kwemaJuda. Zviremera zveSoviet pazvakatanga kutonga Lithuania, zvakatsiva zvirangaridzo zvechiJudha nematombo ekare e“Vakatambudzwa neFascism,” zvichibvisa dzinza nechitendero chevaya vakaurayiwa. Yakanga isati yasvika muna 1991, mushure mekunge Lithuania yawana rusununguko, kuti chiyeuchidzo chakanyatso kutsaurirwa kuvaJudha vakaurayiwa nePonary chakavakwa.

Kuyeuka "Holocaust by Bullets" muLithuania hakusi kungobvuma kare; ndezvekurwisa pfungwa dzakafanana dzine ngozi dziri kuramba dzichitambudza Europe nhasi. Sezvo antisemitism ichikwira zvakare mukondinendi yese, zvinotowedzera kukurumidza kudzidzisa zvizvarwa zvidiki nezve kutyisa kweHolocaust uye njodzi dzeruvengo. Mutungamiri Ingrida Šimonytė, akatungamira Joint Kurume kubva kuVilnius kuenda kuPonary kwemakore maviri akateedzana, akarongwa neEuropean Kurume yeVapenyu uye International Commission yeKuongorora Mhosva dzeNazi neSoviet Occupation Regimes muLithuania, yakaunzwa. shoko rakasimba kuvadzidzi vechikoro chesekondari vari kupinda kufora. Kuvapo kwevadiki ava chiratidzo chekuzvipira kweLithuania mukurangarira.

Gore rino, International Kurume yeVapenyu, pamwe chete nevadyidzani venzvimbo inotungamirwa neSecretariat yeInternational Commission, vakaronga maviri ekurangarira maMarch: imwe kuKaunas Fort IX Museum nemusi weMuvhuro, Gunyana 23, uye rimwe zuva rakatevera kubva kuVilnius kuenda. Ponary sango. Kufora uku kunoshanda sechiyeuchidzo chekuti chirangaridzo chinofanira kunge chiri chiitiko chinoshanda. Zvinotyisa zvePonary naKaunas zvakapotsa zvadzimwa kubva munhoroondo, asi nyaya idzi dzave kudzoserwa muchiedza.

Kurume kwekuvapo kwaVapenyu panzvimbo idzi kwaita basa rakakosha mukudzoreredza nyaya dzakarasika idzi nekurangarira nharaunda dzakarasika. Kupfurikidza nokukurudzira vadzidzi, vapukunyuki veHolocaust, uye zvapupu kuti vabatane neizvi nezvimwe zviyeuchidzo zvekuyeuka, vanoita kuti nyaya dzakanga dzava kuda kudzimwa, vachisimbisa kudiwa kunokosha kwedzidzo yeHolocaust munguva yedu.

International March of the Living's kuedza muLithuania inoratidza basa rayo repasi rose rekurangarira uye kudzidzisa nezve Holocaust. Gore rimwe nerimwe, vanounza zviuru zvavanhu kufamba munzira kubva kuAuschwitz kuenda kuBirkenau, vachichengeta ndangariro yavaJudha vane mamiriyoni matanhatu vakapondwa vari vapenyu. Mukuwedzera, gore rose, pamazuva echirangariro choKuparadza Kukuru kworudzi, kufora kunoitwa uko vaJudha vakamborarama ndokuparara mukati moKuparadza Kukuru—munzvimbo dzakadai seHungary, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Romania, Germany, Austria, uye dzimwe. Kufora kwegore rino kweKaunas naVilnius kunoratidza nguva yakakosha mubasa iri ririkuenderera mberi, kuve nechokwadi chekuti nzvimbo dzakaita sePonary, dzinowanzofukidzwa nemisasa mikuru, dzinoramba dziri pakati penyaya yeHolocaust.

Masvingo eFort IX muKaunas akanyarara pamusoro pekuuraya kunotyisa kwezviuru zvevasungwa, kunyanya maJuda anobva kuKovno Ghetto, asiwo nemaJuda anobva kuFrance, Austria, neGermany.

Sango riri paPonary ringaite serakanyarara nhasi, asi kunyarara kwaro kunovhara nzeve. Ndiko kunyarara kwemweya ye70,000 inofanirwa kuyeukwa. Ndiko kunyarara kwenyika yakapotsa yavakanganwa. Uye ndiko kunyarara uko isu, kuburikidza nekurangarira kwedu pamwe nedzidzo, tine basa rekuputsa. Kuburikidza nekuenderera mberi kwebasa rezvirongwa zvakaita seKurume Kwevapenyu, tinogona kuve nechokwadi chekuti nyaya idzi dzinotaurwa, dzinotaurwazve, uye dzisingakanganwike.

Michel Gourary ndiye Mutungamiriri weEuropean March of the Living, akazvipira kuchengetedza ndangariro yeHolocaust uye kusimudzira dzidzo pazvidzidzo zvayo muEurope yose. Akazvarwa kuna amai vakaberekerwa kuWarsaw avo vakanunurwa panguva yeHolocaust nemumwe weVakarurama Pakati peMarudzi muBrussels, basa rake rinoratidza hukama hwake hwakadzama hwekuchengetedza chiyeuchidzo cheHolocaust uye kurwisa antisemitism.

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