Backstage pamusangano pakati peMacron naTokayev

Musi wa5 Mbudzi, Mutungamiri weFrance Emmanuel Macron akagamuchira mumwe wake weKazakh, Mutungamiriri weKazakhstan Kassym-Jomart Tokayev, kuElysée Palace. Zvingave zvinonakidza kuenda kuseri kwezviitiko zvemusangano uyu, anonyora Derya Soysal, Nyanzvi yeCentral Asia yeDiplomatic World Institute.

Kazakhstan, simba redunhu

Kazakhstan ichangobva kuzivikanwa semubatsiri akakosha weEuropean Union. Iri pamwoyo weCentral Asia uye yakapfuma muzvicherwa, Kazakhstan yakafambira mberi zvakanyanya mune zvehupfumi, zvematongerwo enyika, uye dhipatimendi nekusimudzira hupfumi hwayo uye chinzvimbo chehunyanzvi panhoroondo yeSilk Road. Inokwezvawo kufarira kwakanyanya kubva kune vekunze vanoisa mari. Kazakhstan inomira senyika yakapfuma kwazvo muCentral Asia, ine shanduko yehupfumi inonyanya kuzivikanwa neshanduko muchikamu chesimba uye kuedza kukwezva mari yekunze. Astana ishamwari yakasimba yeFrance, kunyanya muchikamu chesimba, nehukama huri kuwedzera mumakore achangopfuura.

Kazakhstan inotora chinzvimbo chehunyanzvi pamharadzano dzemasimba makuru. Yakaganhurwa neRussia kuchamhembe uye China kumaodzanyemba, iri paSilk Road, inobatanidza China kuEurope neIndia kuRussia. Nenharaunda, Kazakhstan ndiyo nyika yechipfumbamwe pakukura pasirese.

Zvisinei, kukwezva kweKazakhstan haisi nzvimbo yayo chete. Nekuwedzerwa kwezvibvumirano zvakawanda muminda yesimba, zvekufambisa uye zvivakwa, nyika ine chinangwa chekuita basa rinowedzera mukuyerera kwekutengeserana pakati peEurope neChina. Kubva 2000, Kazakhstan yakawana budiriro yehupfumi nehuwandu hunoshamisa hwepagore hweGDP hunosvika gumi muzana.

Sekutaura kunoita Mutungamiriri weKazakhstan, Kassym-Jomart Tokayev, mutemo wayo we "multi-vector foreign policy" unogonesa nyika kutonga hukama hwayo nemasimba makuru akaita seChina, Russia, European Union neUnited States of America (USA).

IEuropean Union (EU) ndiyo inonyanya kutengeserana neKazakhstan, inomiririra makumi mana muzana ekutengeserana kunze kwenyika. Zvakare, iyo EU ndiyo mutengi mukuru wekune dzimwe nyika muKazakhstan, achiverengera makumi mana nesere muzana emari yekunze yakananga (FDI) inoyerera uye ingangoita makumi matanhatu muzana emasheya eiyo yakazara FDI muna 40.

Vanhu vekuEurope vanotsvaga shamwari itsva mushure mekutambudzika kweRussia-Ukrainian

Mukutarisana nematambudziko ezvematongerwo enyika, akadai seari pakati peRussia neUkraine, nyika dziri kutsvaga zvimwe zvibvumirano kuti dzideredze kutsamira kwadzo kuRussia nekusagadzikana kwavo kumatambudziko ezvematongerwo enyika nehupfumi. Pamusoro pezvo, makore gumi aya akaona shanduko musimba rehupfumi hwenyika. Hatisisiri kutarisana nenyika inotongwa nemasimba mashoma. Pane kudaro, nyika itsva dzakadai seKazakhstan dziri kuramba dzichisimba uye dzine simba zvikuru pamwero wenyika yose. Pasina kupokana, France neEuropean Union kazhinji vari kutsvaga kuwedzera zvibvumirano zvekudyidzana nenyika ino uye maitiro aya anotarisirwa kuwedzera mukupera kwa2025.

Mumakore mashoma apfuura, kwave kune kuwirirana kukuru pakati peEurope neCentral Asia. Kufarira munharaunda iyi kuri kuwedzera. Kushanya kwaCharles Michel, Mutungamiriri weEuropean Council, kuKazakhstan neUzbekistan, kugamuchirwa kweMutungamiriri weFrance Emmanuel Macron Mutungamiri Tokayev weKazakhstan paElysee Palace munaNovember 29 na30, 2022, uye European Union-Central Asia Summit muAstana muna Gumiguru 27, 2022 inosimbisa kufarira uku. (Soysal, D. 2024)¹.

Kudyidzana kwepedyo pakati peFrance neKazakhstan

NeChipiri, Mbudzi 5, 2024 Mutungamiriri weFrance akasangana neMutungamiriri weKazakhstan kuElysée Palace. Rimwe gore mushure merwendo rwaEmmanuel Macron kuAstana, Kassym-Jomart Tokaïev akashanyira mumwe wake weFrance zvakare pakupera kwegore, uye izvi zvinoratidzika kuva tsika kune vose vatungamiri. Zvingave zvakakosha kuziva kuti chii chakaitika kuseri kwemusangano uyu.

Chikonzero chekutanga chaicho chemusangano chaive kufarira kweFrance muKazakh uranium. Kazakhstan ndeimwe yevanotengesa uranium muFrance. 70% yemagetsi eFrance anogadzirwa nesimba renyukireya. Ichi ndicho chikonzero France inoda kuchengetedza uye kuwedzera hukama hwayo nevaKazakhs, vatengesi vakuru veuranium. Iyo yaimbova Soviet republic, mune zvehupfumi nyika ine simba kwazvo muCentral Asia, inopa France inenge 40% yeuranium yayo. Sezvo "vadyi" vaviri vakawedzera kubatana kwavo paatomu mumakore apfuura, Paris inotarisira mukudzoka kuti EDF ichasarudzwa neAstana kuti ivake gwenya rekutanga renyukireya (Quénelle, 2024, Mbudzi 5). Mumakore gumi apfuura, France yakaunza kunze kwenyika matani 88,200 euranium chaiyo. Maererano neEuratom Committee, zvizhinji zvezvinhu izvi zvinobva kuKazakhstan (inenge 27% yeFrench natural uranium imports).

Zvibvumirano zvakati wandei nezvibvumirano zvakasainwa neChipiri Mbudzi 5, 2025, kusanganisira imwe neAlstom, yekupa magetsi emagetsi.

Kazakhstan inyika inoyevedza nekuda kwezviwanikwa zvayo. Nyika iyi ine mafuta akawanda, gasi rechisikigo, marasha, simbi uye uranium, iyo inotora chikamu che40% chepasi rose. Kazakhstan ndeimwe yevanonyanya kutengesa uranium nemafuta asina kuchena kuFrance.

Nyaya dzehupfumi parutivi, Mutungamiri weFrance Emmanuel Macron nemumwe wake weKazakh Kassym-Jomart Tokayev vakasaina chibvumirano chekudzosera, chekutanga pakati peFrance nenyika yeCentral Asia. "Chibvumirano ichi chinogonesa kuverengerwa kwezvizvarwa zveKazakhstani, pamwe nezvizvarwa zvenyika yechitatu kana vanhu vasina nyika vane mvumo yekugara muKazakhstani kana vakapfuura nemuKazakhstan, vaine zvirango zvakanaka uye nemazuva ekupedzisira kuti vaverengerwe" kana vasina kupihwa pekupotera. France, akadaro Élysée (Bourgery-Gonse, 2024, Mbudzi 5).

Pakupedzisira, Mutungamiri weKazakh nemumwe wake wekuFrance vakakurukura nezvepasi rose geopolitics uye chishuwo chavo chekuona runyararo rwakagadzwa munyika. Pakati pemisoro iyi, vakakurukura uye vakatsigira Armenian-Azerian normalization. Vatungamiriri veFrance neKazakh vakatora chiziviso chakabatana, chikamu chayo chinoti:

"Vatungamiri vakaratidza kutsigira kwavo kwakazara kwekugadzirisa hukama pakati peArmenia neAzerbaijan uye nekusaina nekukurumidza kwechibvumirano cherunyararo, izvo zvichaita kuti zvikwanise kumisa runyararo uye rusingaperi munharaunda, nekuremekedza nharaunda yenyika mbiri. hwaro hwe1991 Almaty Declaration,” ziviso yacho inorava.

mhedziso

Mukupedzisa, kufarira kweKazakhstan mukusimudzira budiriro, shanduko yesimba, uye kubatanidzwa muEmissions Trading System (ETS) inoratidza kuenderana nezviyero zveEU. Simba renyukireya rinoumba 70% yehuwandu hwemagetsi ekugadzirwa kweFrance, zvichiita kuti kubatana uku kuve kwakakosha kuFrance (imwe yembiru huru dzeEU).

Tichifunga nezvekuwedzera kweKazakhstan kurudziro mudunhu, kufarira kwenyika dzeBRICS, zviwanikwa zvayo, uye nzvimbo yayo yehunyanzvi paNew Silk Road, Kazakhstan yave kuita mubatanidzwa akakosha weEU. Pamusoro pezvo, EU, uye kunyanya France, inoisa kukosha kukuru pakuvandudza kudyidzana kwedunhu neKazakhstan sechikamu chemutemo wayo wekunze.

Yakatarisana nekukakavadzana kuri kukura kwezvematongerwo enyika, France iri kutsvaga kutsvaga shamwari itsva, uye kunyange kubatanidza hukama hwayo hwazvino nenyika idzo dzinotsigira simba, seKazakhstan.

Bibliographie

Bourgery-Gonse , T. (2024, 5 novembre). La France yakasaina chibvumirano chekuregererwa inédit avec le Kazakhstan. www.euractiv.fr. Bvunza kune kero https://www.euractiv.fr

Quénelle, B. (2024, 5 novembre). Entre Emmanuel Macron et Kassym-Jomart Tokaïev, mupartenariat franco-kazakh sous l'œil de Moscou. Le Monde.fr. Bvunza kune kero https://www.lemonde.fr

Soysal, D. Maonero, GC-. (2024, 19 Gumiguru). Le Kazakhstan, nouveau partenaire clé de l'Union européenne. Tarisa kune kero https://fr.eureporter.co/kazakhstan-2/2024/10/21/kazakhstan-the-european-unions-new-key-partner/

1 Soysal, D. Maonero, GC-. (2024, 19 Gumiguru). Le Kazakhstan, nouveau partenaire clé de l'Union européenne. Tarisa kune kero https://fr.eureporter.co/kazakhstan-2/2024/10/21/kazakhstan-the-european-unions-new-key-partner/

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