Mahwindo emukana wemasimba epakati

Hurongwa hwepasi rose huri kuita shanduko yakadzama, inoratidzwa nekuchinja kubva kune unipolar kuenda kune yakawanda yepasirose order. Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya ari kusimukira, masimba epakati ari kuita basa rakakura, anonyora Yerkin Tukumov - Mutungamiriri weKazakhstan Institute for Strategic Studies.

Nyika idzi, kunyange zvazvo dzisina simba guru rezvemari kana rechiuto remasimba makuru, dzakaratidza kukwanisa kuyananisira kusawirirana, kukurudzira kugadzikana kwematunhu, uye kutungamira munzvimbo dzakaita seruzivo rwemichina, budiriro yeupfumi, uye kudyidzana.

Pane mukana wemasimba epakati kuti aumbe mubatanidzwa nekudyidzana zvinokurudzira kubatana kunobatsira, kufambira mberi kwetekinoroji, uye kuwedzera kudyidzana kwetsika nerubatsiro. Kunyanya, masimba epakati anogona kugadzira pesvedzero yenguva refu nekugadzira nzira dzekubatana mukutsvagisa mutemo, hutano, dzidzo, uye sainzi.

Mapoka aripo emasimba epakati

Imwe yemikana inovimbisa zvikuru yemasimba epakati ndeyekuumba mibatanidzwa inosimudzira zvido zvekugovana. Kusiyana nemibatanidzwa inotarisana nekuchengetedza, mibatanidzwa yemasimba epakati inogona kuvakwa zvakatenderedza zvinangwa zvakakura, sekusimudzira hupfumi, hunyanzvi hwekuvandudza tekinoroji, uye kuchinjana kwetsika.

Muenzaniso wemubatanidzwa wezvehupfumi wakadaro ndewe MIKTA boka, iyo inosanganisira Mexico, Indonesia, South Korea, Turkey, uye Australia. Yakagadzirwa muna 2013, MIKTA yakagadzirwa kuti iunganidze masimba epakati kubva kumatunhu akasiyana kuti abatane pazvinhu zviri pamusoro sekutengeserana nebudiriro. Nepo MIKTA ichiramba isina kurongeka, inomiririra muenzaniso wekuti masimba epakati anogona kuungana pamwechete kugadzira pesvedzero yakabatana.

Imwe nzvimbo yekushandira pamwe kwemasimba epakati ndeyekusimudzira kudyidzana kunobatsira kwetekinoroji. Panzvimbo pekupinda mumakwikwi e-zero-sum, masimba epakati ane mukana wekutsvaga mhinduro dzekubatana dzinogadzira mhedzisiro yekuhwina, kuve nechokwadi chekuti vatori vechikamu vese vanobatsirwa kubva mukudyidzana kwavo nedzimwe nyika.

Semuenzaniso, funga nezvekubatana pakati peSouth Korea neVietnam. Mumakore gumi apfuura, masimba maviri epakati aya akagadzira hukama hwepedyo hwehupfumi, nemafemu ekuSouth Korea achidyara mari yakawanda muchikamu chekugadzira cheVietnam. Hyundai, semuenzaniso, yakaisa $415 miriyoni muVietnam, ichipinza vashandi zviuru zviviri nemazana matatu, nemari inofungidzirwa kuti inosvika mabhiriyoni maviri nemazana matanhatu emadhora gore rapfuura. Hukama uhwu hwave kubatsirana, sezvo hupfumi hweVietnam hwakakura nekukurumidza, uye South Korea yakawana mukana kune yakagadzikana uye inokwanisika kugadzira hwaro.

Kubatira pamwe kwakadaro hakuna kuganhurirwa kumabasa oupfumi. Chimwe chikamu chakakosha chemubatanidzwa wemasimba epakati akabudirira kukurudzira kuremekedzwa kwenyika netsika nenhaka. Masimba epakati anowanzova nehupfumi hwetsika hunoshanda sehupfumi hwakapfava. Nekutarisisa nezvekudyidzana kwetsika nekusimudzira kuremekedzana kwezvitupa zvenyika, masimba epakati anogona kusimudzira simba ravo repasi rese pasina kuvimba nesimba rakaoma.

Mumwe wemienzaniso yakabudirira uye isingaperi yekushandira pamwe yakavakirwa pamisimboti iyi ndeye Nordic Cooperation. Nyika shanu dzeNordic — Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, neSweden—dzinogovera hukama hwakadzama hwetsika nenhoroondo, asi nyika imwe neimwe inochengeta hunhu hwenyika hwakasiyana. Uku kuenzana pakati pehunhu hwakagovaniswa uye kuremekedza misiyano yenyika ndiyo musimboti wekubudirira kwekubatana kweNordic, kunyanya kuburikidza neNordic Council neNordic Council of Ministers.

Nekukurudzira mubatanidzwa wakavakirwa pakuremekedzana uye nezvido zvakagovaniswa, masimba epakati anogona kugadzira kudyidzana kwakasimba uko kusingangowedzere simba rawo repasi rose asiwo kukurudzira kugadzikana nebudiriro. Mibatanidzwa iyi inoratidza kuti kubatana kunobva mukuremekedzwa kwetsika nezvinangwa zvakafanana kunogona kutungamirira kunguva refu, zvibereko zvakanaka kune vose vanobatanidzwa.

Vectors for joint action

Masimba epakati ane mikana yakakosha yekubatana munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana dzinopfuura nzira dzechinyakare dzekushandira pamwe. Nekushanda pamwechete mundima dzakadai sekutsvagisa mutemo, hutano, dzidzo, sainzi, uye tsika, masimba epakati anogona kukwidziridza masimba avo kupesvedzera mhedzisiro yenyika.

Imwe yenzvimbo dzakanyanya kukosha uko masimba epakati anogona kushandirapamwe kuburikidza nekugadzwa kwemajoint think tanks nenzvimbo dzekutsvagisa mitemo. Munyika yanhasi yakabatana, mhinduro dzemitemo dzinoda kugadzirisa nyaya dzakaoma, dzekuyambuka. Semuenzaniso, funga matangi kubva kunhengo dzenhengo dzeMusangano weKudyidzana uye Kuvimbika-Kuvaka Matanho muAsia (CICA) vaigona kubatanidza zviwanikwa zvavo zvehungwaru kuti vabudise humbowo-hwakavakirwa bumbiro remitemo. Kudyidzana uku kunogona kutarisisa nyaya dzinowanzo furatirwa nemasimba makuru, sekusimudzira hupfumi hwenyika huri kusimukira, kugadzirisa kusawirirana kwematunhu, uye kukurudzira kubatana mukuenderana nemamiriro ekunze. Nekugadzira chikuva chakagovaniswa chekutsvagisa, nyika idzi dzinogona kusimudzira marongero anoratidza zvishuwo zvemarudzi ane mari yepakati, pane kuenderana neapolarized agenda dzemasimba makuru.

Hutano ndiyo imwe dura apo masimba epakati anogona kuita basa rekushandura nekushandirapamwe patsvagiridzo, kusimudzira, uye kugovera kwehunyanzvi hwekurapa. Denda reCCIDID-19 rakaratidza kusaenzana mumasisitimu ehutano epasi rose, kunyanya mukuwanikwa nekugoverwa kwemishonga yekudzivirira uye kurapwa.

 Munguva iyi, nyika dzinoverengeka dzakatora matanho akasimba ekugadzirisa aya mapundu, kusanganisira Kazakhstan, iyo yakagadzira yayo yekudzivirira yeCCIDID-19, QazVac (QazCOVID-in), kubatsira mukuedza kwehutano hwepasirese. Kusimukira kweKazakhstan kweQazVac muenzaniso wakanaka wekuti masimba epakati anogona sei kuwedzera kugona kwavo kwesainzi kutsigira hutano hwepasirese.

Masimba epakati anogona kugadzira kudyidzana kwakanangana nehurongwa hwehutano hwepasirese, kunyanya munzvimbo dzekugadzirira denda, kuenzana kwekudzivirira, uye kugadzirisa zvirwere zvisingatapukirwe seshuga nechirwere chemoyo, izvo zvinokanganisa nyika dzichiri kusimukira. Semuyenzaniso, India, semugadziri mukuru wemishonga yegeneric, inogona kushanda pamwe nemamwe masimba epakati kuti ive nechokwadi chekuwaniswa kwemishonga inoponesa hupenyu kune nyika dzine mari shoma.

Dzidzo yedhijitari ndiyo imwe nzvimbo iyo masimba epakati anogona kutungamira. Nyika dzakaita seIndia neSouth Korea dzakaita nhanho huru mumapuratifomu edzidzo yepamhepo, uye vaigona kubatana nemamwe masimba epakati kugovera maitiro akanaka uye matekinoroji. Nekushanda pamwe chete, vaigona kuwedzera kuwaniswa kwedzidzo yemhando yepamusoro kumatunhu ane chinyakare chikoro chakaoma nekuda kwenzvimbo, hupfumi, kana zvematongerwo enyika. Joint ventures muTekinoroji yedzidzo (edtech) haingotsigire dzidzo munyika dzine mari shoma chete asi zvakare kusimbisa kukwikwidza kwepasirese kwemasimba epakati muindasitiri iri kukura.

Kazakhstan, semuenzaniso, yakaita nhamburiko yekuwedzera dzidzo yedhijitari sechikamu chekuvandudza kwayo dzidzo. Nyika yakatanga zvirongwa zvakasiyana siyana zvekugadzira mapuratifomu edzidzo yepamhepo uye kubatanidza matekinoroji mukuita kudzidza. Kuburikidza nemapuratifomu akadai Bilimland, iyo inopa zviwanikwa zvedhijitari kuvadzidzi nevadzidzisi, Kazakhstan yanga ichishanda kugadzirisa hurongwa hwayo hwedzidzo uye kuona kuti vadzidzi kumatunhu ese, kusanganisira kumaruwa, vawana zvemhando yepamusoro zvekudzidza. Pamusoro pezvo, Kazakhstan iri kukoshesa kusimudzirwa kwehunyanzvi hwedhijitari pakati pehuwandu hwayo, ichienderana nemaitiro epasi rose ekusimbisa ruzivo nehunyanzvi hwekutaurirana (ICT) mudzidzo.

Zvirongwa zvedzidzo zvakabatana zvinogonawo kugadzirwa kukurudzira kunzwisisana kwetsika nekudyidzana pakati pevadzidzi vanobva kunyika dzine simba repakati. Zvirongwa zvekutsinhana izvi zvinogona kugadziridzwa kune chaiwo minda senge tekinoroji, hukama hwepasirese, kana sainzi yezvemamiriro ekunze, ichipa chikuva chekuti vadzidzi vabatane pazvinhu zvepasirese.

Tsvagiridzo yeSainzi ine simba rekutyaira shanduko yekuchinja, uye masimba epakati anogona kugadzira zvakakosha zvepasirese kuburikidza nekubatana kwesainzi zvirongwa. Semuenzaniso, masimba epakati anogona kushanda pamwe chete kuti amise nzvimbo dzekutsvagisa dzedunhu dzeunyanzvi. Nzvimbo idzi dzaizotarisa nyaya dzakakosha dzepasi rose dzakaita sekuchengetedzwa kwechikafu, kuchengetedza mvura, uye zvipenyu zvakasiyana siyana.

Kazakhstan yakabatsira mukuvandudza kugona kwayo kwesainzi kutsvagisa, kunyanya muminda senge kuchengetedzeka kwezvakatipoteredza uye simba rinodzokororwa. Nyika yakakoshesa hunyanzvi hwesainzi senzira yekugadzirisa matambudziko ese enyika nepasirese. Semuenzaniso, zvirongwa zveAl-Farabi Kazakh National University uye National Academy of Sciences zvakabatsira mukutsvagisa munzvimbo dzakaita sekutonga kwemvura uye tekinoroji yegirinhi.

Kudyidzana kwakadaro kwaisazongounza tsvakurudzo inokosha chete asiwo kukurudzira kugoverana kwezviwanikwa, ruzivo rwemichina, uye ruzivo pakati penyika idzo dzakagara dzisingamiririrwi muzvirongwa zvesainzi zvepasi rose. Kutsvagisa kwakabatana pamusoro pekutonga kwemvura, zvekurima, uye simba rinodzokororwa zvinogona kugadzirisa matambudziko epasi rose panguva imwe chete ichisimudza chimiro chesainzi chenyika idzi.

 Chikuva chekubatana kwesimba repakati

The kuuya Astana Funga Tank International Forum, muna 16-17 Gumiguru muAstana, Kazakhstan, ichapa chikuva chenyanzvi dzepasirese kubva kumasimba epakati kuti vakurukure zvirikunetsa pasi rose.

Iyi foramu inotarisana nekusimudzira kuchengetedzeka, kugadzikana, uye budiriro inoenderera kuburikidza nemalenzi akasiyana, kugadzirisa matambudziko akakosha nemikana yemasimba epakati muna 2024 nekupfuura.

Chiono cheforamu ndechekuongorora kuti masimba epakati ndivanaani, chii chinovasiyanisa nevatambi vakuru vepasi rose, uye kuti vangabatsira sei zvakanaka muhukama hwenyika, diplomacy, uye kugadzikana kwepasirese.

Iyi foramu yakagadzirirwa kukwezva vanoongorora, vamiriri, vadzidzi, uye vamwe vakangwara vanofarira basa razvino uye remangwana remasimba epakati muhurongwa hwepasirese.

Nekugadzirisa matambudziko akagovaniswa uye kuona nzvimbo dzekufarirana, foramu iyi ine chinangwa chekumisa hwaro hwekubatana kwenguva refu pakati pemasimba epakati, zvichiita kuti vave vatambi vane simba muhurongwa hwepasi rose.

Kuburikidza neforamu iyi, masimba epakati haangosimbaradza hukama hwavo hwenyika mbiri chete asi zvakare kugadzira madandemutande mazhinji anosimudzira hunyanzvi, kuchinjana kwetsika, nekusimudzira hupfumi.

Sezvo nyika inoenderera mberi ichienda kunguva yakawanda, iyo Astana Funga Tank International Forum ichashanda sedanho rakakosha mukupa masimba epakati kuti agadzirise ramangwana rehutongi hwepasirese.

 Mukupedzisa, sezvo kurongeka kwepasirese kuri kuramba kuchishanduka kune kuwanda kwehuwandu, basa remasimba epakati riri kuwedzera kukosha. Nekugadzira mubatanidzwa, kutanga zvirongwa zvekutsvaga zvakabatana, uye nekusimudzira masimba avo akasiyana munzvimbo dzakaita setsvakiridzo yemitemo, hutano, dzidzo, nesainzi, masimba epakati anogona pamwe chete kugadzirisa mamwe ematambudziko akatarisana nenyika nhasi.

Kuburikidza nekuenderera mberi kwekudyidzana uye kuzvipira kwakagovana mukugadzikana nekusimudzira kwepasirese, masimba epakati anogona kuona kuti manzwi avo anonzwika, mipiro yavo inocherechedzwa, uye simba ravo padanho repasi rose rine zvarinoreva uye rinogara.

(Maonero akataurwa muchinyorwa chino ndeemunyori chete uye haafanire kuratidza maonero eWorld Geostrategic Insights).

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