Kazakhstan's makore makumi matatu ekuzvitonga kuzere: Zvakabudirira uye Mibairo

Iyo yazvino chidimbu chekuongorora rakabudiswa paZakon.kz, pepanhau repamhepo, iro rakaturikirwa kubva kuRussia, rinoratidza nzira yeKazakhstan yekufambira mberi kwehupfumi uye budiriro yakadzikama kubvira 1991. Inoratidza kuti nyika yakawana sei mhedzisiro yakakosha mukuita shanduko huru yemusika mumashure meSoviet. nzvimbo, Staff Report, Kusununguka kweKazakhstan: Makore makumi matatu, nyika.

Kazakhstan iri kupemberera kusvitsa kwayo makore makumi matatu yawana kuzvitonga gore rino. Munguva iyi, nyika yakashandura chimiro chayo panhandare yepasi rose uye yave mutungamiri wehupfumi nezvematongerwo enyika mudunhu. 

Kazakh Eli Monument. Iyo monument inomiririra nhoroondo yemazuva ano yeKazakhstan nevanhu vayo. Kureba kwechiyeuchidzo kwemamita makumi mapfumbamwe nerimwe kunoratidza 91 apo Kazakhstan yakazvimiririra. Mufananidzo wechikwereti: Elbasy.kz.

“Gore rino tinopemberera kusvitsa makore makumi matatu Kazakhstan yawana kuzvitonga. Iri ndiro zuva rinokosha mukusimbisa hurumende yakamutswa yeKazakh uye yekusununguka, iyo madzitateguru edu akarota. Munhoroondo, makore 30 inguva inobhururuka nekubwaira kweziso. Nekudaro, kune vanhu vazhinji ino inguva yakazara yematambudziko uye mafaro, matambudziko uye kukwira, "akadaro Mutungamiriri weKazakh Kassym-Jomart Tokayev muchinyorwa chake chakanzi "Kuzvitonga Kupfuura Zvese."

Makore ekutanga kuzvitonga ndiwo akanyanya kuomera nyika. Kazakhstan yakagara nhaka yehupfumi husina kusimba. Muna 1991, Gross Domestic Product yenyika yakaderera ne11 muzana. Chinjo yacho yakabvira bedzi pakupera kwa1996, apo yakawedzera ne0.5 muzana. Gore rakatevera racho, kukura kwakanga kuri 2 muzana. Kukwira kwemitengo muna 1991 kwaiva 147.12 muzana pamwe chete nokukwira kwomwedzi nomwedzi kwemitengo kwe57-58 muzana. Muna 1992, nhamba iyi yakanga yatoenzana ne2962.81 muzana. Mamiriro acho akaitwa pakupera kwa1993, achiisa mwero weavhareji pa2169.8 muzana. Muna 1994, yakaderedzwa nehafu kusvika 1160.26 muzana, nekuderera mumakore akatevera kwakasvika 1.88 muzana muna 1997.

Pfungwa yekugadzira guta idzva reKazakhstan ndeyaNursultan Nazarbayev. Sarudzo yekuendesa guta guru kubva kuAlmaty kuenda kuAkmola yakaitwa munaChikunguru 6, 1994. Astana yakatumidzwa zita rekuti guta reNur-Sultan musi waKurume 23, 2019. Mufananidzo wechikwereti: Elbasy.kz.

Munguva imwe cheteyo, chiyero chekushaya mabasa chakasvika pa4.6 muzana. Muna 1995, yakaderera kusvika ku3.2 muzana. Pakati pa1992 na1994, pakanga paine kuwedzera kwakanyanya kwehuwandu hwekushaikwa kwemabasa nekubuda kukuru kwehuwandu - 1.1 miriyoni vanhu vakasiya nyika. Kushomeka kwebhajeti renyika pakasvika 1994 yaive 20.6 bhiriyoni tenge (US$47.8 miriyoni).

Hurumende yeKazakh yakagadzira uye yakatanga Strategy for the Political and Economic Development yenyika kusvika muna 2005. Maererano nehurongwa, hurumende yakatanga chirongwa chekutengeserana, kugadzirisa hupfumi, uye yakatanga shanduko kubva kuSoviet yakarongwa hupfumi kuenda kuhupfumi hwemusika. . Kubva 1991 kusvika 2000, boka rose remabhizimisi maduku nepakati akaonekwa muKazakhstan. Vakatenga 34500 zvinhu zvehurumende zvinhu zve215.4 bhiriyoni tenge (US $ 499.7 miriyoni). 

Sekureva kweBazi reEconomy, Kazakhstan yakaratidza kubudirira kukuru mukuita shanduko huru dzemusika munzvimbo yepost-Soviet. Nyika yakwezva mari inodarika mabhiriyoni mazana matatu nemakumi masere emari yekudyara kunze kwenyika, iyo inoverengera makumi manomwe muzana ehuwandu hwekudyara kudunhu reCentral Asia.

Muna 1997, nyika yakatarisana neimwe dambudziko rehupfumi rakakonzerwa nekudonha kwakanyanya mumusika weAsia. Dambudziko iri rakabata vatambi vese vehupfumi, avo, mukutsvaga purofiti kubva mukudyara muhupfumi huri kukurumidza kukura hweEast neSoutheast Asia, vakazvipinza mukubhuroka. Kurasikirwa kwemari kwakasvika mabhiriyoni emadhora, izvo zvakakanganisa hupfumi hwenyika dzaimbova nyika dzeSoviet, kusanganisira Kazakhstan.

Kubuda kwemari kwakateverwa nekudonha kwemitengo yemagetsi nemidziyo pamisika yepasi rose. Kurongeka uku kwakakonzera kusagadzikana kwehupfumi muRussia, izvo zvakakonzera kudzikiswa kwemutengo wezvinhu zveRussia uye, semhedzisiro, zvakakanganisa vagadziri veKazakhstani. Kudzikamisa misika yemumba, zviremera zveKazakh zvakadzikisa zvinhu kubva kunyika dzakavakidzana, uye zvakaderedza mari yeKazakh. Yakachengetedza hupfumi hwenyika kubva mukusagadzikana kukuru.

Maererano neAsia Development Bank, Kazakhstan's pragmatic economic policies yakabatsira nyika kuti ive yepamusoro-soro nyika ine mari yepakati uye mutungamiri wehupfumi nezvematongerwo enyika muCentral Asia.

Kazakhstan yakakwanisa kuderedza urombo, kuwedzera mukana wehuwandu hwevadzidzi kudzidzo yepuraimari, uye kuvandudza kuenzana kwevakadzi nekuchengetedzwa kwemagariro evana naamai. Maererano nenhamba, mugove wevarombo, zvichienderana nehuwandu hwehurombo hwenyika, mukuenzanisa ne2001 munyika yakaderera kubva ku46.7 muzana kusvika ku2.6 muzana. Sekureva kweInternational Labour Organisation, Kazakhstan ine mwero wakaderera wekurovha. Kubva 2011, chiratidzo ichi hachina kumbopfuura 5 muzana.

Kwemakore akati kuti ikozvino, zviremera zveKazakh zvave zvichitevera chirongwa chekusiyanisa hupfumi hwenyika. Hurumende iri kuita zvirongwa zvekuvandudza kurima kwechizvino-zvino, kuvandudza mashandisirwo ezviwanikwa zveveruzhinji, kuwedzera goho muchikamu chisiri chemafuta, uye kuona shanduko yeindasitiri yekugadzira kuenda kumaindasitiri ane vimbiso ane mukana wakanyanya wekutengesa kunze.

Kuchengetedza huwandu hwekukura kwehupfumi, Kazakhstan inotsvaga kuita shanduko yehupfumi muhupfumi, izvo zvakaratidzwa muKero yeMutungamiri Wekutanga nzira yeKazakhstan 2050: Common Goal, Common Interests, Common Future muna 2014.

Nguva pfupi yadarika nyika yakatora nzira yakananga kuhupfumi hwakanangana nekuvandudza hupfumi hwakanangana nekuumbwa kwenzvimbo yebhizinesi yakanaka uye mamiriro ekudyara uye kuwedzera kusimba nekubudirira kwehupfumi hwenyika.

Sekureva kwenyanzvi yeKazakh Andrei Chebotarev, kunyangwe denda uye kudzikira kwakawanda muGDP, pakupera kwa2020, indasitiri yekugadzira yakakura ne3.9 muzana. Gross value yakawedzerwa iri kukura zvakare, inosvika 9.3 trillion tenge (US $ 21.5 miriyoni) mugore rapfuura. Kutengeswa kunze kwenyika kwezvigadzirwa zvepamusoro-soro zvakawedzerawo ne5%. 

Kusiyana-siyana kwehupfumi kwakaita kuti zvinhu zvakawanda zvemuno zvikwanise kupinda mumisika munyika yose. Hunhu hwavo hahuna kuderera kune hutano hwevagadziri vekunze.

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