Kashmir - Nyaya ye 'huchangamire husina kugadziriswa'

2022 ichacherekedza rimwe gore rekuti vanhu veKashmiri vatarise kunharaunda dzepasirese kuti vatarise kumatambudziko avo ari kuramba achiwedzera zuva rega rega pasi pekugara kweIndia. Paive pazuva iri muna 1947 apo New Delhi yakapinda muKashmir ndokutora dunhu rinopesana nechido chevanhu veKashmiri., anonyora Saima Afzal.

India inoonekwa sedemocracy yakakura kwazvo pasirese uye hwaro hwehurumende yedemocracy mupfungwa yechokwadi yakaiswa pahuzivi hwekupa nekuchengetedza rusununguko rwevanhu. Nyangwe, democracy inotsamira pamisimboti yehutongi hweruzhinji asi yakasungirirwa nekodzero dzemunhu nedzevadiki. Hutongi hwejekerere hwepasi rose huremekedza zvido zveruzhinji uye kazhinji kacho hunodzivirira nemwoyo wose kodzero dzevanhu nemapoka madiki. Zvisinei, nyika dzegutsaruzhinji dzinonzwisisa kuti chinangwa chadzo chikuru ndechekudzivirira kodzero dzevanhu dzinokosha uye rusununguko rwokutaura nechitendero; uye vanoona kuti vagari vese vanowana dziviriro yakaenzana pasi pemutemo uye kuti kodzero dzavo dzinodzivirirwa nevemutemo. Nehurombo, India haizadzise zvinodiwa kuti idaidzwe nyika yedemokrasi nekuti kodzero dzevadiki hadzina kuchengetedzwa uye dzinogara dzichityisidzirwa.

Kubva pakakamurwa subcontinent, Kashmir inoramba iri pfupa rekukakavara pakati pemasimba maviri enyukireya eSouth Asia. Indian Illegally Occupied Jammu neKashmir (IIOJK) haingori dunhu rine gakava, asi iyi nyika yakanaka inotambura nekutyorwa kwekodzero dzevanhu kwakanzi neIndia chikamu chakakosha. Kwemakore makumi manomwe neshanu apfuura, Mauto eIndia akabatanidzwa mukutyorwa kukuru kwekodzero dzevanhu muIIOJK. Pasi pechikonzero chekusvika pamba uye kuvharika, hutsinye hukuru hwekodzero dzevanhu hwakaitika muKashmir. India yakamanikidza kurambidzwa muIIOK uye yakamisa zviuru zvemauto mumupata, zvichiunza hudzvanyiriri hutsva. Kashmir yave nzvimbo huru yemauto pasi pano uye aya mauto eIndia anogara achityora kodzero dzevanhu; VaKashmiri vasina mhosva uye vatungamiriri vezvematongerwo enyika vakasungwa vasina kutongwa, kuungana kwevanhu kwakarambidzwa, zviuru zvenzvimbo dzekuchengetedza dzakagadzirwa, uye nzira yekutaurirana yaiswa. Nekuda kweizvozvo, maKashmiris anonyimwa zvinodiwa, uye zvekurapa zvave kushoma.

Zvakare, India yakatora rusununguko rudiki uye kuzvitonga kubva kuKashmiris mushure mekubviswa kweChinyorwa 370 cheBumbiro reIndia uye yakakamura dunhu kuita matunhu maviri akasiyana eMubatanidzwa Jammu-Kashmir neLadakh. Zvinyorwa 370 uye 35A zvakanyorwa kuchengetedza hunhu hweKashmir uku uchidzivirira kuzivikanwa uye tsika dzevanhu veKashmiri. Kurerutsa kurwira rusununguko rweKashmiris uye kodzero yavo yekuzvisarudzira, India inoramba ichibatanidzwa mukuchinja kwehuwandu hweIIOJK. India yakapasa mutemo mutsva wekugara muIIOJK, munhu akagara muJammu neKashmir kwemakore gumi nemashanu kana akadzidza ikoko kwemakore manomwe anokodzera iyo Domicile pasi peJammu neKashmir Civil Services Act. Mitemo iyi inomiririra kuedza kwehurumende yeIndia kushandura huwandu hwevanhu venzvimbo ine gakava.

Zvakare, kuuraya vanhu vakawanda, kutsakatika, kurwadziswa, kubata chibharo, kubatwa chibharo, kudzvinyirirwa, uye kudzvinyirirwa kwerusununguko rwekutaura imhosva dzinotyisa dzakaparwa nemauto eIndia, Central Reserve Police Force, neBorder Security Forces. Kutyorwa kwekodzero dzevanhu vanhu veKashmiri kunounza mubvunzo pamusoro pehunhu hwenyika ino. Vanorwira kodzero dzevanhu uye vatori venhau vanoedza kuburitsa pachena chokwadi chemauto eIndia ari kunyaradzwa. Nyika yaona kudzvinyirirwa kwakasimba kwevatapi venhau nevanorwira kodzero dzevanhu kuburikidza nekushandisa Mitemo yeDraconian yakaita seSedition uye mitemo yekurwisa hugandanga yakaita seUnlawful Activities Prevention Act (UAPA), Public Safety Act, uye New Media Policy 2020, nezvimwe. Mutemo wakadaro unoshandiswa kugadzira kutenderera kunotyisa kwevatapi venhau nevaratidziri.

Panguva dzakasiyana siyana, masangano epasi rose anorwira kodzero dzevanhu akashora kutyorwa kwakapararira uku, asi India yakaramba ichiramba. Musi wa7 Kurume 2022, nhengo makumi maviri neimwe dzeParamende yeEuropean (MEPs) dzakanyorera Mutungamiriri Narendra Modi nevamwe vakuru vakuru vebumbiro muIndia vachiratidza kushushikana kwavo nemabatirwo evanorwira kodzero dzevanhu muIndia, vachiti vanorwira kodzero "vakasungwa nekuda kwemhosva." basa ravo rerunyararo, rakanangidzirwa pasi pemitemo inorwisa hugandanga, inonzi magandanga, uye vari kutarisana nezvirambidzo zviri kuwedzera". Vakasimbisa nyaya nhatu dzakati: kusungwa kwevaratidziri gumi nevatanhatu mumhosva yeElgar Parishad, kusungwa kwevaratidziri gumi nevatatu vane chekuita nekuratidzira vachipokana neCAA, uye kuvharirwa kwemurwiri weKashmiri Khurram Parvez. Vakasimbisa kuti India inofanira kumira kunyararidza manzwi evanopikisa uye kutyorwa kwekodzero dzevanhu.

MunaGunyana 2022, muvambi uye Mutungamiriri wesangano rinozivikanwa pasi rose rekodzero dzevanhu Genocide Watch Dr. Gregory Stanton akataurawo kuti India iri kugadzirira "kupondwa kwevanhu" kwemamiriyoni mazana maviri evaMuslim. Akasimbisa kuti kutambudzwa kwevaMuslim kunoratidzwa mumatanho anopokana neMuslim, anosanganisira kumisa kuzvitonga kweKashmir, mutemo wekusarura Citizenship Amendment Act, uye kuderedzwa kwevaMuslim kuburikidza nekutaura kweruvengo. Akayambirawo nharaunda yepasirese kuti "gadziriro yehurumende yeIndia yekupondwa kwakawanda kwatotanga" uye Kashmir inogona kuve inotevera Rwanda.

Saizvozvo, munaGunyana 2, 2022, Amnesty International mumushumo wayo yakaratidza kuti vanhu veJammu neKashmir vanofungirwa nehurumende yeIndia, kusanganisira hutungamiriri, vezvematongerwo enyika, vakangwara uye vezvenhau. Mutungamiriri weIndia Modi mitemo inodzvinyirira uye kushungurudzwa kweIndia Security Force kwakawedzera kusachengeteka pakati peKashmiris. Mushure mekukanzurwa kweZvinyorwa 370 & 35 A, hurumende yeIndia yakawedzera kudzvanyirira vatori venhau, veruzhinji, nevatungamiriri vezvematongerwo enyika pasina humbowo uye kuongororwa kwematare zvine musoro kuburikidza nekushandiswa kwehugandanga uye mitemo yekuchengetedza veruzhinji iyo yakashoropodzwa pasi rose. Kushungurudzwa nekutyisidzirwa uku kwapa kuti vatori venhau vakawanda varasikirwe kana kusiya mabasa avo. Pamusoro pezvo, kuvharwa nekukasira nekumanikidzwa kweKashmir Press Club muna 2022 nehurumende yeIndia kwakawedzera kudzikamisa tsika yekupokana uye kubatana pakati pevatori venhau.

Chirevo cheAmnesty International chakasimbisa kuti hurumende yeIndia inofanirawo kutora matanho ekuwedzera kumiririra uye kutora chikamu kwevanhu veJammu neKashmir mukuita sarudzo. Yakadaidzawo nharaunda dzepasirese kuti dziite kuti hurumende yeIndia izvidavirire pakutyorwa kwekodzero dzevanhu kwakakura kwakaitwa muJammu neKashmir nekudaidzira kuti kuferefetwa nekukasira uye kwakazvimirira mukutyorwa kwakadaro. Muchidimbu, iko kudikanwa kweawa iyo India inofanira kuuya kumberi uye kumisa kutyorwa kwekodzero dzevanhu muIIOJK uye kugadzirisa gakava reKashmir maererano nechisungo cheUN uye zvishuwo zvevanhu veKashmiri nezverunyararo nekugadzikana kwedunhu.

Munyori muongorori akazvimirira uye akabata M.Phil muRunyararo uye Conflict Studies uye anogona kusvikwa pa. [email inodzivirirwa].

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