Iran iri kupera mvura uye hutongi ndicho chikonzero

Iran ikozvino yakatarisana nedambudziko remvura rakanyanya munhoroondo yayo yemazuva ano. Kunyangwe kusanaya kwemvura uye kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze zvakawedzera mamiriro ezvinhu, ukuru hwechimbichimbi hwakakonzerwa nevanhu zvakanyanya. Ndiwo mhedzisiro yehurongwa hwezvematongerwo enyika hunoisa pamberi pekutonga kwemafungiro, kutsigira network uye mauto edunhu pamusoro pekupona kwehuwandu hwevanhu. Dambudziko remvura haisi nyaya yezvakatipoteredza chete. Asi, mhedzisiro yekukundikana kwehutongi pakati pehutongi hwemullah.

Kwemakumi emakore, zviremera zvakapemberera kuvakwa kwemadhamu, kutsauka kwemigero, uye kuwedzera kukuru kwekurima sezviratidzo zvekufambira mberi kwenyika uye kuzviriritira. Muchokwadi, zvakadaro, mapurojekiti aya akaitwa pasina hanya nesainzi yehydrological kana ecological balance. Pane kudaro, vakabatsira kusimudzira mukurumbira wezvematongerwo enyika uye zvido zvemari zvevashoma vakasarudzwa, kunyanya Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC), iyo kambani yeinjiniya, Khatam al-Anbiya, yave mutambi mukuru muzvivakwa zvemvura zvemunyika.

Kupera kwakarongeka kwematura emvura

Iran inongowana chikamu chimwe chete muzvitatu cheavhareji yekunaya kwemvura pasi rose pagore.² Kubva kare, kudzorwa kwemvura iyi kwakadzikiswa kuburikidza nekutonga kwakanaka, kusanganisira yekare qanat system, iyo yaichera mvura pasi pevhu zvine mwero isingapedze kwairi kubva.³ Kuenzana uku kwakavhiringidzwa mushure megore ra1979. Mitemo yevatsigiri vevana vakakurudzira kukura kwevanhu kubva pamamiriyoni makumi matatu nemanomwe kusvika pamamiriyoni 197 munyika iyi nhasi 1979 miriyoni. kucherwa kwemvura pasi pevhu kusingarambidzwi kutsigira kukurumidza kukura kwekurima nemadhorobha. Huwandu hwematsime ane marezenisi uye asina kupihwa rezenisi hwakwira kusvika pamiriyoni imwe chete, kubudisa mvura dzemvura pamwero unodarika kuzadzazve kwechisikigo. ⁵

Mhedzisiro yacho iye zvino haichadzoreki munzvimbo dzakawanda. Geological Survey yeIran yakanyora pasi pasi kunosvika masendimita makumi maviri nemashanu pagore muzvikamu zveTehran, Isfahan neKerman.⁶ Kana matsime emvura adhirika uye ivhu raita kuti manyemwe, hazvibviri kuzvidzorera.

Kuvaka madhamu uye kuchinjisa mabheseni kwawedzera mamiriro ezvinhu. Mvura yakatsauswa kubva mumabheseni asina njodzi kuti itsigire maindasitiri anofarirwa nezvematongerwo enyika, anosanganisira simbi ine mvura yakawanda uye kugadzirwa kwepetrochemical mumatunhu asina mvura⁷. Lake Urmia, yaichimbova dhamu hombe muMiddle East, yaderera zvikuru, zvichiratidzira nzvimbo dzine muchetura dzine munyu dzinounza madutu anokanganisa mamiriyoni⁸. Saizvozvo, rwizi rweZayandeh-Rud, urwo rwakatsigira hupfumi uye kuzivikanwa kwetsika kweIsfahan kwemazana emakore, iko zvino kwave kupera kwegore rakawanda⁹.

Tehran pamucheto wekubuda

Pakupera kwa2025, dambudziko rakanga rasvika kuguta guru pacharo. Matangi makuru eTehran - Lar, Latyan, Taleghan naAmir Kabir - akawira pamazinga akaderera akanyorwa mumakumi matanhatu emakore. ¹⁰ Muna Mbudzi 2025, mutungamiri wehurumende, Masoud Pezeshkian akayambira kuti zviremera zvichamanikidzwa kubuda muguta guru kana mvura ikasanaya zvakanaka.¹¹

Kunyange hazvo vakuru vakuru vakaramba pachena hurongwa hwekugoverwa kwemvura, vagari vakashuma kuchekwa kwemvura husiku pakati nepakati nekumaodzanyemba, nevashandi vachidzikisa mvura chinyararire kusvika pazero kuitira kuti vazadze matangi eko.¹² Mhuri dzinotambira mari yepasi, dzaisakwanisa kuchengetedza padenga remba, dzakakanganisika. Uhwu hupfumi hwemvura huviri hwakaratidza kusaenzana kwakakura: hupfumi uye kuwana kwezvematongerwo enyika kunotemerwa kuti ndiani aizotsungirira dambudziko uye ndiani aizosiiwa kwariri.

IRGC uye hupfumi hwezvematongerwo enyika hwemvura

Pakati pedambudziko pane mauto ekugadzirisa zviwanikwa. Kwemakumi emakore, Khatam al-Anbiya, boka rekuvaka reIRGC, rave kutonga kuvaka madhamu uye kuchinjisa nzizi, vachiwana zvibvumirano zvemabhidhiyo zvinokwana mabhiriyoni.¹³ Pane kuti zvigadziriswe nekufunga nezvezvakatipoteredza, mutemo wemvura wakakanganiswa nemanetiweki ekutsigira nekuchengetedza kuchengetedzwa. Mhedzisiro iyi sisitimu inotsanangurwa nenyanzvi dzeIran se 'mvura mafia' - iyo iyo kuvimbika kwezvematongerwo enyika kunotaridza kuwanikwa kweiyo nyika yakakosha zviwanikwa.

Kumaruwa, vezvemabhizimusi vane chekuita nezvematongerwo enyika vanorima mbesa dzinodya mvura yakawanda dzakadai sesugar beet, pistachios nemupunga munzvimbo dzine mvura isina kusimba.¹⁴ Zvichakadaro, hurumende yakundikana kugadzirisa madiridziro echizvino-zvino, uye chikamu chinodarika makumi masere kubva muzana chekushandiswa kwemvura mukurima kweIran chichiri kutsamira pakudiridza kusashanda kwemafashamu.

Pane kugadzirisa zvivakwa zvemudhorobha zviri kudonha, uko inosvika zvikamu makumi matatu kubva muzana zvemvura yemupombi inorasika, mari yakaendeswa kubudiriro yenyukireya, zvirongwa zvezvombo zvemabhomba uye masimba evamiriri munharaunda.¹⁷ Zvinokosheswa nehurongwa hwehurumende hazvigone kujeka: simba kutanga, vagari vemo pakupedzisira.

Migumisiro yemagariro uye kukwira kwehasha dzevanhu

Dambudziko iri rakatowedzera mhirizhonga. Muna 2021, kuratidzira muKhuzestan kwakatanga nenziyo dzekuti 'Tine nyota' dzikava kushoropodza zvakanangana neMutungamiriri Mukuru.¹⁸ Kuratidzira kwakafanana kwakateverwa muIsfahan muna 2021 na2025. Muna Chikunguru 2025, kuratidzira kweusiku kwakaitika muTehran neEslamsha muTehran neMavhidhiyo. kuratidza nziyo dzinopesana nehurongwa hwese hwekutonga, kwete vakuru venzvimbo chete, dzakapararira pasocial media.

Sezvo kushomeka kuri kuwedzera, pfungwa yekuti dambudziko iri rine chekuita nemamiriro ehurumende iri kupararira. Kubatana pakati pekudonha kwezvakatipoteredza, huori uye kudzvanyirirwa kwezvematongerwo enyika kwave kunzwisiswa zvakanyanya munharaunda yese yeIran. Vanhu havasi kungotsamwira pombi dzakaoma; vakatsamwira hurongwa hwakavabudisa.

Sezvo nzwisiso iyi inopararira, nharo dzenyika pamusoro pedzimwe nzira dzakakura. Pakati pemapato anopikisa akarongeka, National Council of Resistance yeIran (NCRI) yakawedzera kuronga dambudziko remvura sehumbowo hwekuti chimiro chenyika chiripo hachigadzirike. Mameseji ayo anobatanidza kuparara kwezvakatipoteredza nechido cheutongi hwegutsaruzhinji, hunotungamirwa nevanhuwo zvavo hunokwanisa kuvaka patsva zvivakwa zvenyika panheyo dzakajeka uye dzinozvidavirira.

Dambudziko risingagoni kugadziriswa nehurumende

Pane zvigadziriso zvehunyanzvi zviripo kugadzirisa dambudziko iri: masisitimu ekudiridza anobudirira, kudzoreredzwa kweaquifer, kudzoreredza mvura yetsvina, kubvisa munyu, uye kutonga kwemvura kwakajeka. Nekudaro, kuita matanho aya, Iran yaizofanira kubvisa zvimiro zvezvematongerwo enyika nezvehupfumi zvinotsigira hurongwa hwazvino. Zvinoda kumisa kutonga kweIRGC pamusoro pezvivakwa zvemvura; kugadza hutongi hwezviwanikwa hwakajeka uye hwakaganhurwa; kuvhara matsime akachengetedzwa nezvematongerwo enyika ari kunze kwemutemo akachera matsime emvura; kuendesa mvura kubva kumaindasitiri akabatana nehurumende kuenda kudzimba, kurima, uye kudzoreredza kwezvakatipoteredza; uye kushandura mari yehurumende kubva kumapurojekiti ehondo kuenda kukugadzirisa hurongwa hwenyika. Izvi hazvisi zvigadziriso zvehunyanzvi. Idzo shanduko dzezvematongerwo enyika. Ivo vanopesana zvakananga nepakati pekushandisa logic yehutongi. Nekuda kwechikonzero ichocho, nyika haikwanisi kugadzirisa dambudziko rayakakonzera.

Mhedziso: Mvura sechiyero chepamutemo

Mvura ikozvino yave chiyero chepamutemo chezvematongerwo enyika. Hutongi husingakwanise kuchengetedza huwandu hwevanhu husina mvura haigone kutora kodzero yekutonga. Kuoma kwemadhamu nenzizi kunoratidzwa nekuderera kwekuvimba kwevanhu. Kuputsika kwekuchengetedzwa kwemvura hakuchisiri chinhu chisingaoneki kana chiri kure; ndicho chokwadi chinorarama chemamiriyoni.

Iran haisi kungopera mvura. Yave kupera nguva.

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