India inoshandisa chibharo sechombo chehondo muKashmir

Musangano wemakumi masere nepfumbamwe weUnited Nations 'Committee on Elimination of Discrimination Against Women' (CEDAW) yakavhurwa nasachigaro wayo Amai Ana Peláez Narváez vekuSpain musi wa 7 Gumiguru kuGeneva uye ichaenderera mberi kusvika Gumiguru 25, 2024. CEDAW ndiyo yakawanda kupfuura dzose. nzira yakakosha yekodzero dzevanhu kugadzirisa kutyorwa nerusarura kuvanhukadzi. Iine nyanzvi makumi maviri nenhatu dzinogadzwa neUnited Nations kubva pasi rose, anonyora Dr. Ghulam Nabi Fai, sachigaro, World Forum for Peace & Justice.

Makumi maviri emakore apfuura akaona zvirongwa zveUnited Nations mukuwana nekupa mvumo kodzero dzevakadzi, kusanganisira CEDAW yakavambwa muna 1979. CEDAW inosungirwa kubvisa marudzi ese erusarura kuvanhukadzi munzvimbo dzese dzehupenyu. Nezveizvi musangano wepasi rose wakasiyana-siyana wakaitwa uye zvine vavariro dzakanaka uye zvisungo uye zviziviso zvakabuda kubva kwavari. Mimwe yemisangano iyi yaisanganisira: Second World Conference on Women, iyo yakaitirwa muCopenhagen muna 1980; Third World Conference on Women, yakaitirwa muNairobi muna 985, uye Fourth World Conference on Women, yakaitirwa muBeijing muna1995.

Vienna Declaration and Program of Action yakagamuchirwa neWorld Conference on Human Rights, muna 1993 muVienna, Austria, yakasimbisa kodzero dzevanhukadzi se‘chikamu chisingarambiki, chinokosha uye chisingaparadzanisiki chekodzero dzevanhu. Muna March 1994, muchisarudzo 1994/45, Komisheni yeUnited Nations Yekodzero Dzevanhu yakakumbira kugadzwa kwoMumiririri Anokosha Wokurwisana Nevakadzi.

Pasina mubvunzo, zvisarudzo izvi zvingadai zvakava nhau dzinokurudzira uye mashoko anokurudzira zvechokwadi kudai Sangano Romubatanidzwa Wenyika Dzepasi Pose raizopfuura chinzvimbo charo chedare rinonyora magwaro ndokuita zvarinoda.

Izvi zvigadziriso uye kunaka kwemumiriri hazvina basa kuvakadzi veIndia inogarwa Kashmir vanogara vakatarisana nekutya uko 900,000 mauto eIndia anonakidzwa nerezinesi rekushandisa chibharo sechombo chekutyisidzira uye kutyisidzira. Kubva muna 1990 moga, mauto eIndia akabata vakadzi vanopfuura 10,000 XNUMX chibharo nechikwata chibharo, kunyange varoora pavanenge vachienda kumisha yavo mitsva. Munhu anenge abatwa chibharo anonetsekana, anonetsekana, ane chirwere cherape trauma syndrome, chinovaita kuti vagare vachidzokorora kubatwa chibharo kwaakaitwa kuburikidza nenhambo dzakatevedzana, zviroto, uye ndangariro dzomuviri.

Muna 1995, Rene Degni-Segue, Mupepeti akakosha nezvekodzero dzevanhu muRwanda akaona kuti kubata chibharo kwaishandiswa sechombo chehondo.

Mamiriro ezvinhu muKashmir haana kusiyana. Kubatwa chibharo kuri kushandiswa sechombo chehondo kuputsa kuda kwevanhu veKashmir kuchengetedza kodzero yavo yakakosha yekuzvisarudzira.

United Nations High Commissioner on Human Rights (UNHCHR) yakapa “Chirevo cheMamiriro Ekodzero Dzevanhu muKashmir,” musi wa8 Chikunguru, 2019. Chirevo ichi chinotsigira kuti [Mushumo wa2013 wechinangwa chake kuIndia, 'Special Rapporteur. pamusoro peMhirizhonga Kuvanhukadzi,' zvikonzero zvayo nemigumisiro, vakati, "[W]omen vanogara munzvimbo dzine mauto, dzakadai seJammu neKashmir nematunhu ekuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva, vanogara munzvimbo yekukomba nekuongororwa, mungave mudzimba dzavo kana. paruzhinji. Ruzivo rwakagamuchirwa kuburikidza neuchapupu hwakanyorwa uye hwepamuromo hwakaratidza kushandiswa chibharo kwevanhu vakawanda, kunonzi nenhengo dzemauto eHurumende, pamwe nezviito zvekumanikidzirwa kutsakatika, kuuraya uye zviito zvekurwadzisa uye kubata zvisina kunaka, izvo zvaishandiswa kutyisidzira uye kurwisa. kupikisa kwezvematongerwo enyika nekumukirana."]

Chirevo cheUnited Nations chakaratidza zvakare kuti, "Nyaya inokosha inoratidza kutadza kwenyika kuferefeta nekupomera mhosva dzemhirizhonga yepabonde uye kugadzirisa kusabatwa kwemhosva dzepabonde muKashmir ndeyeKunan-Poshpora kubatwa chibharo kwevanhu vakawanda, kwakaitika makore makumi maviri nemanomwe apfuura. kuedza kutsvaga kururamisira kwakarambwa uye kuvharwa mumakore apfuura nezviremera pamatanho akasiyana. Sekureva kwevakasara uye mukuru wehurumende yenzvimbo, husiku hwa27 Kukadzi 23, masoja e1991 Rajputana Rifles regiment yeIndia Army akabhinya vakadzi makumi maviri nevatatu vekuKunan nePoshpora misha yeKupwara. Mauto eIndia neHurumende yeIndia vakaramba mhosva iyi.

Humbowo hwenyanzvi dzevakadzi shanu dzeKashmiri dzakashinga: "Bhuku iri rinenge husiku humwe mumisha miviri muKashmir. Ihwo hunenge husiku hwakaramba kupera kwemakore akareba makumi maviri nemana, husiku hune nyaya dzekutyorwa, kusaruramisira, kudzvinyirira uye nhema, pamwe nezviito zveushingi, ushingi uye chokwadi. Bhuku iri rinotaura nezveKunan nePoshpora.”

Vanyori vashanu vasingatyi vakatanga kubvisa chokwadi, nekupepeta dandemutande remanyepo uye nekukanganisa kuferefeta, nekuvaka zvine hunyanzvi bhiriji rekuvimba netariro pakati pevakaurayiwa / vakapona veKunan Poshpora nematare akasiyana-siyana emutemo umo kururamisira kunofanirwa kuitirwa. kupihwa.

Vakadzi veKashmir vanoshamisika kuti chii chakatorwa ne 'Special Rapporteur on Mhirizhonga Kuvakadzi,' ane danho raisanganisira kuita "kurwiswa kwevakadzi kunotsigirwa nehurumende." Vakamirira vaine tariro nokuti gwaro rimwe chete iroro rakanga rakumbira sangano reSangano Romubatanidzwa Wenyika Dzepasi Pose kuti “risimbise nzira kana kuti kuzvidavirira kuitira kuti hurumende dzive nechokwadi chokuti dzatora matanho okugumisa rusaruro uye kuranga vaidziitira chisimba.” (Reference UN zvinyorwa: E/CN/4/1995/NGO/28, uye/5). “

Vakadzi veKashmir vanobvunza kuti: Iyi mishumo uye zvakazarurwa hazvina kukwana kuzungunusa hana dzemasimba enyika uye Human Rights Council? Muiti wemutemo wenyika iyi, India, ane hushingi hwekugara kwete chete muHuman Rights Council asiwo muSecurity Council. Sei nharaunda dzepasirese dzisingashore India?

Vakadzi veKashmir, kunyanya avo vakatyorwa vasingadi, vanongotarisira kuti CEDAW uye Special Rapporteur vanozocherechedza kutambudzika kwavo. Nekudaro, hazvizoite mutsauko kusvikira uye kunze kwekunge United Nations yanyatsoita pane zvakawanikwa kubva kune dzakasiyana siyana NGOs dzepasi rose seAmnesty International, Human Rights Watch, FIDH, UN High Commissioner on Human Rights, etc. in Indian Yakatora Kashmir.

Yasvika nguva yekupedza mhirizhonga kuvanhukadzi, uye kubvisa kutyisidzira kwenyukireya uko kwave kutenderera kuSouth Asia. Mamiriro akadai anogona kuuya chete kana nyaya yeKashmir yagadziriswa kuburikidza nenhaurirano murunyararo pakati pemapato ese ane chekuita: Hurumende dzeIndia, Pakistan uye hutungamiriri hwechokwadi hwevanhu vedunhu reJammu neKashmir.

Dr. Ghulam Nabi Fai ndivo zvakare munyori mukuru we World Kashmir Awareness Forum.

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