Vavhoti veRoma muHungary vane sarudzo chaiyo here? 

Hungary yakavhota musi wa12 Kubvumbi 2026, uye kekutanga muchizvarwa chimwe chete, mhedzisiro yacho haina kujeka. Mutungamiriri wehurumende Viktor Orbán abatanidza masimba kwemakore gumi nematanhatu akatevedzana, achiva mumwe wevanotsigira Eurosceptic, asi kubata kwake simba kuri kutarisana nedambudziko guru kusvika pari zvino, sezvo bato rake reFidesz rerudyi richidarika vanopikisa nenhamba mbiri pamberi pezuva rekuvhota, mhedzisiro yacho ichaumbwa semakwikwi pakati pehurumende inotsigira Russia nevanopikisa vanopikisa vanopikisa NATO. Asi kune vanhuwo zvavo vekuHungary neveRoma, vanoumba vanenge 7% yevanhu, mubvunzo unonyanya kukosha ndewekuti sarudzo yezvematongerwo enyika iripo here mune chero pfungwa ine musoro, anonyora Mensur Haliti, Mutevedzeri weMutungamiri weDemocracy and Governance kuRoma Foundation for Europe. 

Zvinokakavadzana kana zvingangoitika musarudzo zvingapa chivimbo. Bato rinopikisa reTisza, rakavambwa naPéter Magyar, aimbove muchengeti weFidesz muna 2024, rakaita kuti vanhu vekuHungary vagumbuke nekuda kwehupfumi huri kuramba huchidzika, dambudziko remari yekurarama, uye huori hwakapararira. Tisza iri kutungamira sarudzo uye yakaunza vanhu vakati wandei vanokwikwidza muRoma, asi chirongwa chayo chemapeji mazana maviri nemakumi mana hachina shanduko dzekugadzirisa kusasarudzwa kwezvematongerwo enyika. Panguva imwe chete, Fidesz waViktor Orbán, mushure memakore gumi nemana ari musimba, aigona kuramba achitonga nerutsigiro rwaMi Hazánk, bato rinoshorwa zvakanyanya nekuda kwezvikonzero zverusaruraganda. Hapana mamiriro ezvinhu anotarisana nehurongwa hunoganhurira kuti kutora chikamu kweRoma kunoshandura sei kuva simba.   

Hungary yakatoedza kuti vamiriri vasina simba rekutonga vakaita sei. Pakati pa2022 na2026, nhengo dzeparamende dzeRoma dzakagara muparamende sechikamu chevapikisi, nepo ruzhinji rwevamiriri rwakaramba rwakachinja. Munguva iyoyo, kusiya chikoro vachiri vadiki pakati pevaRoma kwakasvika 62.7 muzana zvichienzaniswa ne9.9 muzana pakati pevasiri vaRoma. Zvisarudzo zvedare pamusoro pekuparadzaniswa kwezvikoro hazvina kuzadzikiswa, uye kupomerwa kwekushandiswa zvisina kunaka kwemari yeEU kwakaramba kuchibuda, nekutevera kushoma kwemuno. Zvinosuwisa kuti vamiriri havana kuchinja masangano.   

Zvikoro zvekusarurana nedzidzo isina kunaka ndizvo zvinonetsa zvikuru. Vadzidzi vanosvika 35 muzana vekuRoma vanopinda zvikoro zvevaRoma vakawanda, uye zvichemo zvekusarurana zvinosvika 70 muzana zvezvinogamuchirwa nemumiriri weHungary.  

Uyezve, vanenge 38 muzana yevechidiki vechiRoma havasi mumabasa, dzidzo kana kudzidziswa, zvichienzaniswa ne9 muzana yevasiri vechiRoma. Mwero wemabasa uchiri wakaderera zvikuru: 55 muzana yevarume vechiRoma uye 36 muzana yevakadzi vechiRoma.  

Mhedzisiro iyi yakabatana zvakanyanya nekushanda kwesimba rezvematongerwo enyika. Munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzenyika, mavhoti eRoma anogona kuva echokwadi, asi simba rekushandisa simba rinoramba risina simba, richiumbwa nekuvimba nezvirongwa zvebasa reveruzhinji, mabhenefiti ane chekuita nezvinodiwa, uye maumbirwo ehurumende dzemunharaunda. Kuvhota hakusi nyaya yekuda chete, asi kazhinji inyaya yekurarama kwehupfumi. 

Maitiro aya anoenderera mberi kupfuura nguva dzesarudzo dzichangoburwa. Musarudzo dzekare, kunyanya padanho remunharaunda, kutenga mavhoti, kuvimba nemabasa everuzhinji, uye kumanikidzwa kuburikidza nemasimba asina kurongeka ndizvo zvakaumba maitiro esarudzo. Maitiro aya aisawanzo ongororwa, uye kunyange hazvo kutora chikamu kwakapa mvumo, hazvina kuita kuti munhu azvidavirire.   

Humbowo huchangobva kuitika hunoratidza kuti izvi zviri kuramba zvichiitika. Documentary inonzi The Price of a Vote yakaburitswa mazuva mashoma apfuura, inotaura nezvenyaya dzekumanikidzwa kwakabatana nekuwana masevhisi uye simba remakanzuru emunharaunda, zvichimutsa mibvunzo yakakomba nezvemamiriro ezvinhu ayo sarudzo dzesarudzo dzinoitwa.   

Hutongi hwakakura hweHungary hunosimbisa maitiro aya. Nyika iyi yakawana 40 kubva pa100 mu2025 Corruption Perceptions Index, zvichiiisa pasi peEU pamwe chete neBulgaria, mushure mekudzikira kwemapoinzi gumi nemashanu kubva muna 2012. Kusazvidavirira uye kusabatanidzwa mune zvematongerwo enyika zvinosimbisana.   

Pakutanga kwegore rino, gurukota rehurumende rakatsanangura Roma se "nzvimbo inochengeterwa vashandi" mabasa asingafarirwe akadai sekuchenesa zvimbuzi zvechitima, zvikaita kuti pave nekuratidzira muBudapest nevanhu vanopfuura chiuru. Chikamu ichi chinoratidza kuti nyaya dzezvehupfumi nekutumirana kwemashoko ezvematongerwo enyika zvinobatana sei kuti zvigadzire maonero nemaitiro.   

Kune vanovhota veRoma, sarudzo inoshanda ichiri yakaganhurirwa. Hurumende inotungamirwa naTisza inogona kupa kubatanidzwa kwechiratidzo pasina shanduko yechimiro. Hurumende inotungamirwa naFidesz, kunyanya nevadyidzani vebato rekurudyi, iri panjodzi yekuwedzera maitiro aripo ekutonga. Muzviitiko zvese izvi, nzira huru dzinoumba sangano rezvematongerwo enyika dzinoramba dzakasimba. 

Muenzaniso mumwe chete ihurongwa hweHungary hwe "hurumende yevanhu vashoma vanozvitonga", masangano akasarudzwa akagadzirirwa kumiririra vanhu vashoma vanozivikanwa munyika, kusanganisira Roma, padanho remunharaunda nerenyika. Masangano aya ane mabasa ekupa mazano munzvimbo dzakadai sedzidzo netsika asi simba shoma rekuita sarudzo uye kuzvitonga kushoma mune zvemari. Kunyange zvazvo ichiwanzoratidzwa semuenzaniso, hurongwa uhu hunogadzira kutengeserana kwechimiro. Vakwikwidzi veRoma vanopinda musarudzo dzehurumende yevanhu vashoma vanowanzobviswa pamazita emapato musarudzo dzenyika, uye zvinopesana. Izvi zvinoderedza kugona kwekuvaka simba panguva imwe chete mukati mezvimiro zvevashoma nemasangano makuru ezvematongerwo enyika. Pane kubvumidza kutora chikamu mune zvematongerwo enyika, hurongwa hunoisa vamiriri munzira yakafanana nesimba shoma. Hapana vamwe vavhoti vanodikanwa kuti vatengese simba rezvematongerwo enyika kuti vamiririre tsika. 

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