Robhoti re "Tiangong Ultra" rayambuka mutsetse wekupedzisira we2025 Beijing Yizhuang Humanoid Robot Half Marathon, muBeijing, guta guru reChina, Kubvumbi 19, 2025.

Vamwe vezvematongerwo enyika nevezvenhau vanga vachirumbidza nyaya ye "China Shock 2.0", vachiti kukura kwesimba rekugadzira reChina kune njodzi kune dzimwe nyika uye kunogona kutokanganisa hurongwa hwekutengeserana pasi rose - anonyora kudaro Shao Xia.

Ingave yakanyorwa kuti 1.0 kana 2.0, kutaura kwakadaro kunoratidza kunetseka kune vamwe vanhu pamusoro pekutsungirira kweChina mukutengeserana kwekunze. Zvisinei, chokwadi nenhamba zvinotsanangura nyaya yakasiyana.

Kubva pa'Made in China' kusvika pa'Intelligent Manufacturing in China'

Zvinozivikanwa zvikuru kuti kukosha kwekutengeserana kwakasununguka kuri mukuenzanisa mukana: Nyika imwe neimwe inotarisa pane zvainoita zvakanakisisa, inotsinhana zvinhu zvichibva pane izvozvo, uye mapato ese anobatsirwa. Ani naani anogadzira zviri nani uye zvinobudirira anowana chikamu chikuru chemusika.

Mumakumi emakore apfuura, zvigadzirwa zve "Made in China" zvakapararira pasi rese, zvichibvumira vatengi kunakidzwa nezvinhu zvakachipa. Panguva iyi, China yakapedza mumakumi emakore mashoma chete nzira yekuvandudza maindasitiri yakatora mamwe mazana emakore, ichikwira kubva pasi pe "smiling curve" kuenda kukugadzira zvinhu zvine hungwaru uye masevhisi emazuva ano kumativi ese echeni yemutengo.

Nhasi uno, China ine hurongwa hwemaindasitiri hwakakwana kupfuura dzimwe dzose pasi rose. Kubva muna 2025, kukosha kwekugadzira kweChina kwakawedzera kwakasvika 30% yehuwandu hwepasi rose, nyika iri pamberi muhuwandu hwekugadzira kwemakore gumi nematanhatu akatevedzana. Kubva pa screw imwe chete kusvika pamota yakazara, kubva pa silicon wafer kusvika pa power station yese ye photovoltaic, kuunganidzwa kweindasitiri kweChina kwakazara kwakaita kuti "China speed" uye "China efficiency" zvive zviratidzo zvakaoma kutevedzera.

Kana mota dzemagetsi dzinoshandiswazve dzekuChina dzichionekwa pakuratidzira kwemotokari dzepasi rose, kana mitemo yechitima chekumhanya kwepamusoro-soro yeChina yava kutaurwa pasi rose, uye kana zvigadzirwa zvetsika nehunyanzvi zvekuChina zvichibatanidza runako rwekuMabvazuva mukushambadzira kwepasi rose, zviri pachena kuti "Kugadzira Zvinhu Zvine Hungwaru muChina" kwapinda muchikamu chepamusoro cheketani yemitengo yepasi rose. Makambani ekuChina ari kuramba achichinja kubva pakutengesa zvinhu zvinoshanda kuenda kune vagadziri vezvinhu zvitsva vanosanganisa tekinoroji netsika.

Ngarava yeBYD M6 iri kuratidzwa panguva yePeriklindo Electric Vehicle Show 2025 muJakarta, Indonesia, musi wa4 Chivabvu, 2025.

Kugona kugadzira zvinhu zvakanaka hakusi kuwanda kwazvo

Munyika yakabatana, zvigadzirwa zvemhando yepamusoro hazvimboshayikwi misika. Sekureva kweInternational Energy Agency, kutengeswa kwemotokari dzemagetsi pasi rose kunotarisirwa kusvika mamiriyoni makumi mana nemashanu muna 2030 muAnnounced Pledges Scenario, iyo inoenderana nekusangana nezvinangwa zvemamiriro ekunze, ukuwo kudiwa kwemagetsi ezuva nezuva kucharamba kuchikwira. Kubva pamaonero aya, kugona kwemagetsi emhando yepamusoro hakuna kunyanya kuwanda - kuri kushomeka.

Kunyangwe kana mota dzemagetsi dzekuChina dzichitengeswa muEurope nemitengo yakakwira zvakanyanya kupfuura dziri mumusika wemuno, kudiwa kuchiri kupfuura kuwanikwa. Saka makambani ekuChina ari kushanda nesimba rakazara kuti azadze mukaha mukuru wekupa zvinhu pasi rose.

Uyezve, China haingotengesi zvigadzirwa chete, asiwo tekinoroji nemhinduro. MuAzerbaijan, zviteshi zvemagetsi zve photovoltaic zvakavakwa neChina zvakabatsira kusimudzira zvinangwa zvenyika zvesimba rinodzokororwa. MuJordan, mapurojekiti ekubatana kweChina esimba rinochengetedza nharaunda ari kubatsira mukuvandudza hupfumi nekushandura chiedza chezuva remugwenga kuita budiriro inooneka. Kubva muna 2022 chete, makambani ekuChina akazivisa mari yekudyara kunze kwenyika inosvika mabhiriyoni mazana maviri negumi emadhora, zvichisimbisa kuti China iri kubatsira "kugadzira mabasa," kwete "kutora mabasa."

Chokwadi chinotaura zvakawanda kupfuura kutaura. Kana mota dzemagetsi dzekuChina dzisiri kuwanikwa muEurope, Southeast Asia neMiddle East, uye kana zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvekuChina zvichivhenekesa dzimba munyika dziri kuSouth Global, izvi zvinoratidza sarudzo yemusika uye rutsigiro rwakakurumbira. Kugona kweChina kugadzira zvinhu zvakanaka kwave imwe ye "mari dzakaoma" dzinotsvakwa zvakanyanya muhupfumi hwenyika.

Zvinoreva kugona kweChina kugadzira zvinhu pasi rose

Kugona kweChina kugadzira zvinhu kunoshanda sechitsigiro chekugadzikana kwezvinodiwa pasi rose. Nyika zhinji, kunyanya dziri kusimukira, dzine zvinodiwa nekukurumidza mukuvaka zvivakwa uye shanduko yesimba iyo simba reChina rinobatsira kusangana nayo. Muna 2025, kutengeswa kwesimbi neChina kuSaudi Arabia kwakatsigira hurongwa hwenyika hwe "Vision 2030" nekuzadza mipata yekupa zvinhu zvemuno. Kutengeswa kwemotokari itsva dzemagetsi kuChina kwakasanganawo nekudiwa kukuru mumisika yakaita seUnited Kingdom, Australia, Mexico nePhilippines.

Kune nyika dzichiri kusimukira, kupinza zvinhu zvepakati nepakati zveChina kazhinji inhanho yakakosha yekusimudzira maindasitiri. Semuenzaniso, Vietnam yave mutengesi wechipiri mukuru wemafoni pasi rose nekushandisa ma "integrated circuits", mabhatiri e lithium ion uye ma "liquid-crystal display" (LCD) panels anotengeswa zvakanyanya kubva kuChina, zvichikwezva mabrandi epasi rose kuti aise mari munharaunda. MuThailand, inoda kusvika 80% yezvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika zveChina zvinosanganisira michina yekugadzira uye zvinhu zvepakati zvakakosha pakugadzira nekutumira kunze kwenyika zveThailand.

Kugona kweChina kugadzira zvinhu kunoshandawo senzira yekudzikamisa kukwira kwemitengo yepasi rose. Kunyange hazvo vamwe vatauri vachitaura nezvekuti "kukwira kwemitengo kwakawandisa," vatengi vari munyika dzavo vanoramba vachitenga zvinhu zvekuChina nemari yavo nekuti vanotarisana nemitengo iri kukwira yekurarama. Zvigadzirwa zvekuChina zvinodhura zvishoma zvinobatsira kuderedza kukwira kwemitengo uku zvichiisa makwikwi nesimba mumisika.

Saka nyaya ye "China Shock 2.0" inyaya yekuwedzeredza. Nyika yakakura zvakakwana kuti nyika dzese dzibudirire pamwe chete. Kushanya kwakaitwa nevatungamiriri vazhinji vekune dzimwe nyika kuChina munguva pfupi yapfuura kunoratidza kuti kubatanidzwa neChina kuchiri sarudzo ine musoro. Kuona budiriro yeChina nenzira yakatwasuka uye kushandisa mikana yekushandira pamwe chete kunobatsirana ndiyo nzira chaiyo yekufambira mberi.

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