Ngano pamusoro peChina nevanopa tekinoroji. Chirevo cheEU chaunofanira kuverenga.

European Commission's Directorate General ichangobva kuburitsa a 700-peji shumo pamusoro pekukanganiswa kwehupfumi kwakagadzirwa nehurumende yeChina - anonyora John Strand weStrand Consult Research.

 Uyu mushumo wakavakirwa pachokwadi, unovandudza ongororo kubva 2017, ine mamwe 3500 ane chiremera mareferensi achidudza zviri pamutemo zvinyorwa zveChinese uye ruzivo kubva kuInternational Monetary Fund, Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, World Trade Organisation, nezvimwe zviremera. Chirevo ichi chinoongorora kukanganisa kwehupfumi hweChina pamativi matatu: basa repakati kuronga uye nyika muridzi wemabhizinesi uye zviwanikwa; kutonga kwezvinhu zvekugadzirwa kwevhu, vashandi, uye mari; uye kutungamira kwayo kwezvikamu zveindasitiri zvemachipisi, nharembozha, njanji, simbi, aluminiyamu, makemikari, ceramics, renewable, uye mota dzemagetsi. Gwaro iri rinofanirwa kuverengerwa kune vanoita zvemitemo, vatungamiriri vebhizinesi, vatori venhau, vadzidzi, nevamwe. Ruzivo rwezvekufambiswa kwemashoko rwunowanikwa pap. 518-548, uye Strand Consult inopa zvakakwirira pazasi.

Vamwe vanoramba kushushikana kwemaitiro ehupfumi eChina vachiti hazvina musoro, hazvina musoro, kana kuti zvinotungamirwa nezvematongerwo enyika muU.SA. Humbowo hwakaunganidzwa nevaongorori veEuropean Commission vachishandisa zviri pamutemo zvehurumende yeChinese zvinhu zvinoratidza kurongeka, kushingirira, uye kukanganisa kwakazara kunotungamirwa nenyika yeChina. Zvakakosha, gwaro reEU rinongopa chokwadi; hapana kurudziro, nhungamiro, kana mhedziso.

Strand Consult yakatevera nyaya idzi kwemamwe makore. MunaNovember 2018, Strand Consult yakaburitsa chinyorwa chekutsvagisa kukanganisa maonero akagadzirwa naTrump "zvakaoma paChina" policy. Muchokwadi yaive Australia yatove muna 2012 iyo pakati-kuruboshwe Social Democratic Mutungamiriri Julia Gillard akarambidza kushandiswa kweChinese telecom michina. Zvimwe nyika vakabva vatevera.

Strand Consult yakaburitsa mishumo yakawanda uye manotsi ekutsvagisa kubatsira kugadzira pachena uye debunk ngano dzine chekuita neChina mutemo uye kuchengetedzeka kwenharembozha. Maona Raibhurari yeStrand Consult.

Zvakawanikwa zvakakosha zvemushumo wezvekufambiswa kwemashoko

Mushumo wacho une mashoko akawanda anokosha uye anofadza. Heano mapoinzi akakosha evatungamiriri uye vanoita zvemitemo mukufambiswa kwemashoko: 

• Kutonga kwehupfumi kweChina kunodarika makambani ehurumende kuenda kumakambani makuru mazhinji.Makambani mazhinji ekuChina anoratidza kutonga kwehurumende kuburikidza nehurongwa hwehurongwa kunyangwe makambani aya asiri kunzi State-Owned Enterprises (SOE). Zvakare, kuzivisa kwemakambani kunogona kunyora seti yevaridzi vega asi maitiro chaiwo anoratidza mutambi wehurumende ndiye ari kutonga. Kudzora kwekambani muChina hakurevi kuenderana nevaridzi asi kunounzwa nenzira isina kurongeka, kunyangwe isina kunyorwa, zvibvumirano pakati pevakuru vezvematongerwo enyika nevemakambani vanonzi "networked hierarchy."

• Sekureva kweIMF, nyika yeChina muridzi wezvinhu zvakazara zveSOEs inomiririra 194% yeGDP muna 2018, asi vamwe vachifunga kuti yakakwira kusvika 220%. Haisi chete chikamu ichi chakawedzera zvakanyanya kubva kumavambo ekuma2000, maSOE akakura zvakanyanya kupfuura mazhinji makuru "akazvimirira" mafemu.  

• Ndichiripo muzvikamu zvakawanda zvehupfumi hweChinese, Mabhizinesi-Ane Mabhizinesi eHurumende anotungamira mukufambiswa kwemashoko, simba, zvekufambisa, zvishandiswa neveruzhinji, uye zvimwe zvikamu zvine hungwaru, zvichiratidza hurongwa hweState Council.
• Kudzora kwehurumende yeChina kuri kukura muchikamu chemazuva ano masevhisi uye tekinoroji. Sezvakataurwa neState-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission yeState Council (SASAC) muna 2019, "Chitarisiko chichava chekusimudza hunyanzvi hwetekinoroji nemaSOE uye kushandisa zvakanyanya maSOE kukurudzira hunyanzvi uye kusimudzira chikamu chekugadzira chepamusoro. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti pfungwa dze‘kuvandudzwa kweruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu’ kana kuti ‘kugadzirwa kwepamusoro’ dzakasiyana-siyana.” 

• Kudomwa neChina kweindasitiri yemidziyo yekufambisa mashoko seyakakosha mukusimudzira tekinoroji nehutungamiriri kunoratidzwa muzvirongwa zvakawanda, marongero, nemazano akaziviswa nehurumende yenyika nedzepasi. Iyi dandemutande yekuronga kwehurumende inozadzikiswa kuburikidza nehurongwa hwakawanda hunobatsira mafemu emumba - nemari yemafemu ekunze. Nekuchengetedza musika wepamba uye nekusimudzira mafemu eChina kunze kwenyika, China yakabatsira vayo vakakosha mukugadzira kuvepo kwakakosha mumusika wepasi rose wemidziyo yekufonera. 5G zvivakwa inyaya yekuti marongero eChina akabvumira mafemu ayo (kunyanya Huawei neZTE) kushanda zvinodhura pamusika wepamba wakachengetedzwa uku achivabatsira kupa masevhisi kunze kwenyika.

• Kukanganisa kweChina kwemusika wemidziyo yekufambisa mashoko kunouya nenzira dzakasiyana siyana. Hurumende inopa rutsigiro kumafemu kuburikidza nezvinodiwa zvekutenga, kukweretesa kwepasi-pamusika, kubvisirwa mutero nerubatsiro nerubatsiro. Hurumende zviri pachena uye zvisina kujeka inomanikidza kuendesa tekinoroji kubva kumafemu ekunze kuenda kumasangano emunyika. Pasi rose, China inoshandisa mari yerupo kunze kwenyika kuita kuti hurumende dzekunze uye vamwe vatengi vatenge michina yekufambisa nhare inogadzirwa neChina. China yakagadzirawo hurongwa hwekumisikidza nyika hunosanganisira kutsvaga zvinzvimbo zvehutungamiriri uye kushandisa pesvedzero mumasangano epasirese-anomisikidza mazinga kusimudzira zvido zvekutengesa zveChinese. China inowedzera kuchengetedza musika wayo wemukati kuburikidza neakaomesesa ekudzora uye marezinesi zvipingamupinyi. Chekupedzisira, kusapindirana kwemutemo kwezvivakwa zvehungwaru kunosiya mafemu ekunze ari munjodzi yekutyorwa kwekodzero dzezvivakwa zvehungwaru uye kuendesa tekinoroji kusingaite uye kusingabhadhariswe.

• Masangano maviri makuru anotonga musika weChinese telecommunication michina - Huawei neZTE. Vanosanganisa huwandu hwe90% yemari yekuChina yekufonera michina. Vamwe vagadziri muindasitiri iyi, seFiberHome Telecommunication Technologies Co., Ltd; Datang Mobile Communications Equipment Co., Ltd; Hytera; Unisplendour Co., Ltd; Fujian Star-net Kukurukurirana Co., Ltd uye Nokia Shanghai Bell Co., Ltd inotora imwe 10%.

• Makambani mazhinji enharembozha ane chikamu chenyika kana akabatana nehurumende, kunyangwe izvi zvisiri (paruzhinji) zvinodiwa. ZTE, semuenzaniso, yakamboshanda sebhizinesi rehurumende remauto uye inochengetedza musanganiswa wevaridzi vehurumende uye manejimendi akazvimirira. Vatatu vevane gumi vane masheya makuru eZTE maSOE. Kunyangwe Huawei achiti inobatwa nevashandi vayo, vanongobata chete zvikamu zvisingaunzi muridzi uye havapi kodzero dzekuvhota. Iwo chaiwo migove akapihwa naHuawei anobatwa neTrade Union Committee. Naizvozvo, tichifunga nezve hurongwa hwekutonga hunoshanda kumasangano evashandi muChina, isingaite iyo Trade Unions' Charter, hurumende uye/kana CCP vane mukana wakakwana wekupindira mune chero sarudzo dzebhizinesi raHuawei.

• In 2017, China yakaita mutemo weNational Intelligence Law iyo inomanikidza chero munhu wechiChinese kuti aite espionage akamiririra hurumende (Chinyorwa 7). Apo vagariwo zvavo vanogona kumanikidzwa kusora, kushanda kusingatarisirwi kwekutarisa mukati metiweki kuburikidza nekumashure uye dzimwe nzira kunoshanda zvakanyanya. Given the kuwedzera kubatanidzwa kwesoftware mune network network, aya ekumashure ari kuramba achinetsa kuona, sezvo achigona kutumirwa mune inotevera kukwidziridzwa kwesoftware kana kuvhurwa mushure mekubvumidzwa kwekuchengetedza kwapera.

• Kugadzira inotungamira indasitiri yemidziyo yekufonera, China yakakurudzira kugara uchibatanidza uye kutenderera kwetarenda uye hunyanzvi pakati pehurumende nevagadziri vemidziyo. Mafemu emidziyo yekufambisa mashoko eChinese anobatsirwa nekubatana kwakadzama nemasangano ehurumende nemauto, achigadzira nzira 'dzekutamisa vashandi, kutengeserana kweR&D inotsigirwa nehurumende ("spin-off"), uye mauto eR&D. Kutenderera kwemainjiniya nevamwe vashandi vakakodzera pakati uye pakati pehurumende nevapeji vemidziyo inonzi yakabatsira Huawei neZTE mukusimudzira kwavo tekinoroji.

• Kuzvimirira kwehunyanzvi hweChinese uye kuzvimirira ndizvo zvinangwa zvakakosha mukusimudzira hupfumi hwenyika. Chirongwa cheMakore mashanu cheChina chegumi nemana chinogadzirisa michina yekufambisa nhare. Rinotungamira kupihwa kwemhando dzakasiyana dzerutsigiro senge mari yepakati pemapurojekiti makuru, kurerutsa nzira dzekubvumidzwa kweprojekiti uye kupa ivhu rinodiwa kumapurojekiti. Yakagadzirwa muChina 14 inocherekedza michina yekufambisa nhare sechikamu chakakosha uko kubudirira kwehunyanzvi kunofanirwa kuteverwa. NeMade in China 2025, tsigiro yeChina yemidziyo yekufonera ine zvikamu zvina. Chikamu chekutanga ndechekusimudzira kodzero dzepfuma dzemafemu muindasitiri yemidziyo yekufonera. Chechipiri, China inotsvaga kutsigira mapurojekiti makuru evagadziri vemidziyo yemafoni eChinese. Chechitatu, Yakagadzirwa muChina 2025 inotsanangura kuti "2025G spectrum kuronga" inofanirwa "kuverengera zvinodikanwa zvenharembozha, redhiyo neterevhizheni, setiraiti, uye mauto-civil fusion kuitira kuti kuwedzere kukosha kwekushandisa spectrum uye kuzadzisa budiriro yakabatanidzwa maindasitiri anoenderana”. Chekupedzisira, Yakagadzirwa muChina 5 inodaidzira kugadzirwa kweiyo inter-ministerial coordination mechanism kukurudzira kugadzirwa kwe 'information silk road' uye kuti indasitiri ienderere pasi rose. Zvakare, iyo ina Essentials kabhuku inotungamira masangano emari, vanokweretesa uye mainishuwarenzi kuti vatsigire R&D uye kugadzirwa kwezvigadzirwa mukatalogi.

• Zvinangwa zveChina zvemakore gumi zvinosanganisira kuva ne75% yemusika wayo wepamba wemidziyo yekufambisa mashoko inopihwa nemakambani ekuChina. Huawei neZTE's 5G musika wekugovera muChina nhasi unodarika 95%.

• Zvirongwa zveChina zveruzivo rwemagetsi uye maindasitiri eICT zvakare zvinokanganisa indasitiri yemidziyo yekufonera. Zvirongwa zvakaita seAdjustment and Revitalization Plan for the Electronic Information Industry and the ICT Industry Development Plan (2016–2020) yakanangana nemichina yekufambisa mashoko. Chirongwa cheMakore Mashanu cheChigumi nenhatu chakataura nezveChina 'cyber development strategy', iyo yaisanganisira kupararira kwakapararira kwenharembozha dzakadai seyepamusoro-speed fibreoptic network uye mawireless Broadband network.

• Cybersecurity certification zvinodiwa zvinogona kuenzana nechipingamupinyi chekuwana musika weChinese wekufonera michina. Kunyanya kazhinji, China yakaramba yakaratidza cybersecurity sechikamu chezvinangwa zvayo zvetekinoroji. Muna 2016, chirongwa chegumi nematatu cheMakore mashanu chakacherechedza hukama pakati pecybersecurity uye kuvandudzwa kweruzivo. China yakamisa Mutemo wayo weCybersecurity munaNovember, uyo, unoshanda sechipingamupinyi kuwana musika weChinese wekufonera michina. Sechikamu chekuitwa kweCybersecurity Law, iyo Cyberspace Administration yeChina ('CAC') yakapa National Cyberspace Security Strategy, iyo inodaidzira kugadzirwa kwakasimba kwecybersecurity hwaro kuburikidza nekuvandudza kwetiweki zvivakwa, kusimudzira zvigadzirwa zvakachengeteka zvetekinoroji uye kusimbisa cybersecurity zviyero. . Kudiwa kwekusimbiswa kwecybersecurity kunodzokororwa muchitsauko chehupfumi hwedhijitari mu13th FYP14.

• Kusimbisa kweChina kuzvikwanira muindasitiri yezvekufambiswa kwemashoko uye matekinoroji ane hukama kunoratidzwa mukutenga kwayo veruzhinji uye nekutenga maitiro eSOE, nezvose zviri pachena uye zviri pachena 'kutenga China' zvinodiwa zvinosanganisirwa mumatenda ekutenga neveruzhinji, kunyanya kune zvigadzirwa zviri mu'mapazi anonzwa' senge. ICT. China's Government Procurement Law inoraira masangano ehurumende kuti ape zvido kune zvigadzirwa zvemumba kupfuura zvigadzirwa zvekunze, asi hapana tsanangudzo yakajeka kana isingachinjiki yekuti chii chinoumba 'mumba' chigadzirwa. Tsika pakati pemakambani anotora zvinhu hazvienderane nekuti zvigadzirwa zvinogadzirwa mukati menyika nemakambani ekunze kana kuburikidza neSino-yekune dzimwe nyika mabhizimusi zvichakodzera, kana kuti zvigadzirwa zvinofanirwa kugadzirwa nemakambani eChinese ese.

• Muchikamu cheICT, maState-Owned Enterprises (SOE) anofarira zvigadzirwa zveChinese pane zvekune dzimwe nyika, sezviri pachena aine 'zvirongwa zvisiri zveveruzhinji zvekutsiva zvigadzirwa zvekune dzimwe nyika nezvimwe zvemumba muchikamu cheICT panguva ya2020-2022'. Zvakare, kushaikwa kwekubuda pachena mukuongorora nekupa zvitupa kunokonzeresa kunetsa kune mafemu ekunze kuti aone kuti angaite sei kuti zvigadzirwa zvawo zvive 'zvemumba', kunyanya nekuwedzera huremu huri kuiswa pazvinhu zvakaoma-ku-quater-chete kuchengetedza.

• Mishumo yeruzhinji inoratidza kuti mafemu emidziyo yekufambisa mashoko ekuChina akawana rubatsiro rwakakura rwechikwereti kubva kuhurumende nemabhanga ehurumende. Muna 2019, zvakanzi mumakore makumi maviri apfuura, Huawei aive neUS $ 20 bhiriyoni (~ EUR 30.6 bhiriyoni) inowanikwa muchikwereti kubva kumabhangi eChina. Muna 27.3, vezvenhau veChinese vakataura kuti Huawei akagamuchira chikwereti chemakore mashanu CNY 2019 bhiriyoni (~ EUR 14 bhiriyoni) kubva kuboka remabhanga ehurumende. Nekuti hapana kuburitswa zvinodikanwa pakukweretesa kwakadaro, kuzivisa chiyero uye chiyero chechikwereti chakasarudzika chinowanikwa kuHuawei, ZTE uye vamwe vagadziri vemidziyo yenharembozha kwakaoma.

• Zviremera zveChinese zvinopa rutsigiro kuindasitiri yemidziyo yekufonera, kusanganisira kuburikidza nerubatsiro, zvikwereti, uye kutengesa kwenyika kwakanaka. Hurumende yakawana mari yerubatsiro yakawanda kuburikidza nezvirongwa zvakaita sezvirongwa zvikuru zvesainzi neruzivo rwemichina, zvakatanga kugadzirwa muNational Medium- and Long-Term Science and Technology Development Plan (2006–2020). Mushure mezvo, State Council's 13th FYP yeNational Sainzi neTekinoroji Innovation muna 2016, iyo yakawedzera hurongwa hwekutanga kusvika 2030, inosanganisira pakati pezvirongwa zvayo New Generation Broadband Wireless Mobile Telecommunication, pasi pehurumende dzenyika nedzenyika dzakapa rutsigiro rwakakura rwemari.

• Tsika yeChina yekuda kuti mafemu ekunze agoverane pfuma yehungwaru uye rumwe ruzivo rwevaridzi senzira yekuwana musika yakanyorwa zvakanaka. Muna 2018, EU yakaunza gakava kuWTO ichikwidza nyaya dzine chekuita nemaitiro aya. Mukupokana uku, EU yakataura kuti hurongwa hweChina hwekutonga hunosarura vane kodzero dzeIP dzekunze. Mumiriri weUnited States Trade Representative akanyora matambudziko akafanana mune ayo 2018 Zvakawanikwa paKuferefeta muChina Mabasa, Matemo, uye Maitiro ane chekuita neTekinoroji Transfer, Intellectual Property, uye Innovation Under Section 301 yeTrade Act ye19742455. Mumushumo iwoyo, USTR yakasimbisa. China's Joint Venture zvinodiwa, kuwanikwa kwemusika kunoenderana nekuchinjisa tekinoroji, discretionary uye zvisina kurongeka kubvumidzwa kwekudyara kwekunze uye kubatana kwepedyo pakati pehurumende nemasangano ekutengesa senzira idzo masangano ekunze anomanikidzwa kuendesa tekinoroji kumafemu epamba.

• Muna Zvita 1998, Ministry of Information Industry (yava kunzi MIIT) yakapa Administrative Measures for the Examination and Approval of Telecommunications Equipment Network Access, iyo inoda kuti chero midziyo inoshandiswa kubatanidza kune veruzhinji uye yakakosha-kushandisa nharembozha inofanirwa kutanga yawana network yekuwana. rezinesi kubva kushumiro. Zvakare, MIIT yakagadzira neHurumende Bureau yeQuality Supervision kabhuku yemidziyo yekufonera inofanirwa kugashira rezenisi, zvichibva pamapoka matatu: nharembozha terminal michina, isina waya yekufonera michina uye network yekubatanidza michina.

• Zvichitevera kutambirwa kweChina Mutemo weCybersecurity muna 2016, mimwe michina yekufambisa nhare inofanirwa kuita zvimwe zvitupa zvinodikanwa. Pasi pemutemo iwoyo, dhipatimendi rakakodzera rinofanirwa kuvimbisa kuchengetedzeka uye kuyedza yakakosha network michina uye network kuchengetedza-zvakananga zvigadzirwa. Hurumende zvakare inoshambadza katalog yemidziyo yetiweki uye netiweki chengetedzo-yakananga zvigadzirwa izvo zvinofanirwa kuongororwa uye zvitupa zvisati zvatengeswa kuChina.

• China's Catalog yeNetwork Equipment uye Network Security Products inodonongodza zvinodiwa kuti zvitupa uye kuyedzwa kuti ukwanise kutengeswa kuChina. Chisungo chechinomwe chinoda kuti michina yekufambisa nhare inofanirwa 'kuitwa kuyedzwa' nemamwe makurukota eChinese nemasangano anodzorwa nehurumende uye zvakare inofanirwa kuchengetedza rezinesi rekuisa. Chisungo chechisere cheChina cheCritical Network Equipment Security Testing Rules inotaura kuti MIIT 'ichaongorora uye kuona yakakosha network network chengetedzo mishumo yekuongorora uye zvekushandisa uye kuburitsa runyorwa rwezvakakomba network michina yakapfuura kuchengetedzwa kwekuchengetedza [...] maererano nemitemo yehurumende yakakodzera, inoshanda kwemakore matatu'. Ongororo dziripo dzinoratidza kuti mirau iyi inoshanda sezvipingamupinyi zvekusvika pamusika kumabhizinesi ekunze ari kuyedza kupa musika weChina, nekusanzwisisika mumashandisirwo emitemo iyi, mirau uye zviyero zvinogadzira mikana yekutevedzwa kwerusarura.

• China yakapa gwaro "Matanho Matsva eCybersecurity Ongororo" muna 2022. A ongororo yakadzama inowanikwa kubva kuWhite & Chase. Iwo Matanho anonyora zvinotevera zvakakosha zvekuongorora njodzi yenyika panguva yekuongorora cybersecurity.

• Ngozi yechero yakakosha ruzivo ruzivo rwuri kudzorwa zvisiri pamutemo, kukanganiswa kana kuparadzwa mushure mekushandisa chero chigadzirwa kana sevhisi.
  • Ngozi yekuvhiringwa mukupihwa kwechero chigadzirwa kana sevhisi inoisa mungozi kuenderera kwechero yakakosha ruzivo ruzivo.Kuchengetedzeka, kuvhurika, pachena, kusiyana-siyana kwezvinyorwa uye kuvimbika kwechero nzira yekupa chero chigadzirwa kana sevhisi, uye njodzi yekupihwa kwayo. iri kuvhiringwa nekuda kwezvematongerwo enyika, zvematongerwo enyika, zvekutengeserana kana zvimwewo zvinhu.Kutevedzwa kweanopa chero chigadzirwa kana sevhisi nemitemo, manejimendi ekutonga, nemitemo yedhipatimendi reChina.Njodzi yechero data yakakosha, data yakakosha kana huwandu hukuru Kubirwa, kuburitswa, kuparadzwa, kushandiswa zvisiri pamutemo, kana kuendeswa kunze kwenyika zvisiri pamutemo.Njodzi yemhando ipi neipi yakakosha yeruzivo, data yakakosha, data yakakosha, kana huwandu hukuru hweruzivo rwemunhu rwunokanganiswa, kudzorwa kana kushandiswa zvisina kunaka nehurumende dzekunze. pamwe nechero njodzi yekuchengetedza ruzivo rwetiweki.
  • Chero chimwe chinhu chinogona kuisa mungozi kuchengetedzeka kwechero yakakosha ruzivo ruzivo, network chengetedzo kana kuchengetedza data.

Mitemo yeChina yakanyanya kuomarara kupfuura iyo yeUS neEU. Mhedzisiro yemitemo iyi kudzikamisa vanopa kunze kwenyika kubva pamusika kubva pakutanga uye kufarira vanopa veChinese. Mitemo iyi haisanganisi maitiro akafanana uye pachena izvo zvakajairwa uye zvinotarisirwa kuMadokero.

Kujeka uye kunyatsofungisisa zvakakosha.

Strand Consult inogamuchira kufarira kukuru mukutsvagisa kwayo kuChina, kuchengetedzeka kwetiweki, uye mutemo wekutengesa ketani. Vatori venhau vazhinji vanonyora nyaya nezveHuawei neZTE, asi vashoma vanoongorora kuti makambani ekunze anorambidzwa sei muChina. Mafemu akadaro ekunze anogashira zvishoma zviziviso kana maitiro kana zvirambidzo zvaiswa, uye hapana mukana wekugadzirisa kana kuregererwa. Zvakadaro mafemu ekuChina akaita seHuawei neZTE anonakidzwa nemutemo kunze kweChina, uye anoremekedzwa sevanopikisa kupikisa zvirango munzvimbo dzekunze, vachiwana mukana wakazara wezvipo nezviwanikwa zveUS neEU masystem emutemo.

Heano mamwe eStrand Consult mishumo uye tsvagiridzo pane iyo musoro.

• Strand Consult inogadzirisa zvirambidzo zveChina mune yayo 2020 chirevo Hauna Kugamuchirwa: Ongororo yeZviuru zve Makambani Ekunze Tekinoroji Akavharwa neChina Kubva 1996.Inotsanangura kuti sei uye nei China yakadzora zvakarongeka zviuru zveruzivo rweinternet rwekunze senge nhau dzepamhepo nezvinobudisa nhau, social media platforms, virtual private networks, content delivery network, mobile applications, telecommunications equipment, Cloud services, uye humwe hunyanzvi.

• Kutevera kurambwa kwechikumbiro chakaitwa naHuawei chekupa michina ye5G muRomania, ruzivo rwusina kururama rwakabuda munhau. Strand Consult yakaita cheki chechokwadi chiri muchinyorwa chekutsvagisa: https://strandconsult.dk/huawei-banned-in-romania-here-are-15-facts-huawei-doesnt-want-you-to-know/

• Vatungamiriri veLatin America, nyika dzinenge gumi nembiri dzakasiyana, dzichiri kusimukira dzine vanhu vanosvika mamirioni mazana manomwe, vakatarisana nesarudzo ine hunyanzvi yekuchengeteka. Iyi sarudzo yekuchengetedza yakavimbika dhijitari ruzivo network ichakanganisa dunhu muzana rinotevera. Ichasarudza kana dunhu richikura munzira ine budiriro, inosanganisirwa, inogoneka, uye yedemocracy kana yehutongi. Latin America inotarisana nesarudzo dzakakosha mukukura kwayo kwedhijitari. Inoda kuve nechokwadi kuti vagari vayo nemabhizinesi vanonakidzwa nehunyanzvi hwepasi rose; kuchengetedza nekuchengetedza kodzero dzevanhu nekuzvitonga; uye kuvandudza dunhu nezvinogombedzera zvigadziriso zvedhijitari nemasevhisi. Strand Consult yakaita tsvakiridzo nezvenyaya iyi: https://strandconsult.dk/latin-americas-digital-development-this-centurys-strategic-choice-for-security/

• Muna Chikumi 2023 Commissioner Thierry Breton akaiswa Mushumo weEuropean Commission we "Kufambira mberi kweNyika dzeNhengo mukushandisa EU Toolbox pa5G Cybersecurity.” Mharidzo yeBreton ndiyo iyoyo nhengo inofanira kufamba nekukurumidza kuti ishandise 5G toolbox. Heano mapoinzi akakosha eBreton neStrand Consult's ongororo: https://strandconsult.dk/european-commission-presents-second-5g-toolbox-report-what-it-means-for-eu-mobile-operators-comparison-of-rules-to-china/ 

• Muna Kurume 2023 TikTok CEO Shou Zi Chew akagara pachigaro chinopisa paUS House of Representatives Energy & Commerce Committee. kunzwa kweanenge maawa mashanu. Zvaive pachena kuti paive nerondedzero refu yemibvunzo yakaoma yaaisakwanisa kupindura uye kuti aipindura nekunyora kana makamera akadzimwa uye pfungwa dzeveruzhinji dzadzikama. Verengai Strand Consult's research note nezve kunzwa ikoko:  https://strandconsult.dk/in-congressional-hearing-tiktoks-ceo-shou-zi-chew-repeated-statedly-that-tiktok-protects-his-kids-better-in-singapore-than-tiktok-protect-children-in-usa/

Chirevo cheEC 2024 chinoratidza shanduko dzakakosha kubva muna 2017. Kune imwe, nhamba yezvikamu zviri pasi pekukanganiswa kwehupfumi hweChina yakawedzera kaviri. Muna 2017, zvikamu zvaive simbi, aluminium, makemikari, uye ceramics. Muna 2024, zvikamu zvitsva zvakakanganiswa: telecom, machipisi, njanji, zvinogoneka, uye EVs. Kubudirira uku kunoratidza hurongwa hwakakura hwehurumende yeChina hwekuzvimirira uye kutonga muzvikamu zvakakosha zvehupfumi hwenyika.

Chirevo magwaro ari kukura, kwete kudzikisira, kutonga nehurumende yeChina yehupfumi kuburikidza nekuronga kwepakati, muridzi wakananga, uye zvisina kurongeka maitiro. Chirevo ichi chinoratidza zvakare kuti mafemu ekunze anonyimwa kuwana musika. Chirevo cheEC chinogona kuwanikwa pano. 

Munyori: John Strand - Strand Consult Research.  [email inodzivirirwa]

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