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Nyika itsva yekuchinja nzvimbo dzekutengeserana

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Isu tinoshandisa kusaina kwako kukupa zvirimo munzira dzawakabvumira uye kuvandudza manzwisisiro edu pamusoro pako. Unogona kuzvibvisa chero nguva.

Isu tinofara kuendesa yazvino maonero chidimbu che Chen Li, Economic Research Fellow paANBOUND. Mwedzi wapfuura, European Union nguva pfupi yadarika yakafunga kuisa mutero wenguva pfupi n kupinza kunze kwemotokari dzemagetsi ebhatiri (BEVs) kubva kuChina. Saizvozvo, US neMexico dzakazivisa pamwe chete matanho ekusimudzira North America simbi nealuminium supply cheni, neMexico ichiisa mutero we25% ne10% pamidziyo yesimbi nealuminium kubva kuChina, zvichiteerana.

Mumakore achangopfuura, kwave nekuwedzera kunoshamisa kwezvipingamupinyi zvekutengeserana zvakanangana nezvinhu zveChinese.
Mishumo kubva kuAmerican media inoratidza kuti kunze kweUS neEU, hupfumi huri kusimukira hwakadai
sezvo Brazil, India, Mexico, neIndonesia vakatanga ongororo yekurwisa kurasira
nemakwikwi emitengo yezvigadzirwa zveChinese.

Izvi zviito zvekudzivirira kuChina zvinomiririra maitiro enguva refu mukutengeserana kwepasirese, kunotungamirwa nekuchinja kwemamiriro ehupfumi hwenyika. Shanduko iyi yakapararira uye
chimiro, chinokanganisa kwete chete hukama hweChina neUS neEU asiwo kukurudzira
global trade dynamics zvakazara. China inofanirwa kuchinjika kune iyi inoshanduka mitemo yekutengeserana uye kugadzirira
makwikwi ehurongwa akasimba.

Mhoteredzo yekutengeserana pasi rose yakachinja zvikuru. Kusimba kwekubatana kwehupfumi hwenyika kwakatevera Hondo Yenyika II kwadzikira, zvichipa nzira yekuderera kwepasi rose uye kubatana kwehupfumi hwedunhu. Kubva padambudziko remari, nyika dzakasimukira dzakawedzera kutsvagiridza kugadzirwa zvakare nekuda kwekushomeka kwevatengi uye kufambira mberi kwehunyanzvi, pamwe nekuedza kudzikisira njodzi dzekutengesa.

Zvichakadaro, nyika dzakaita seChina dzakaderedza kuvimba kwadzo nekutengesa zvinhu zvepakati
pavanenge vachivandudza maindasitiri avo, zvichibatsira mukuderera kwekukura kwekutengeserana kwenyika uye a
kugadziridzwa kwemaketani epasi rose. Maitiro ekuswedera pedyo anoratidza kusimuka kubva pane yapfuura
mhando dzechikamu chepasi rose chevashandi uye inosimbisa kusimuka kwehupfumi hwedunhu
kubatanidzwa, zvichikurudzira kuchengetedzwa kwekutengeserana mukuita.

Uku kusimuka kwekuchengetedzwa kwekutengeserana kwakanganisa mitemo-based multilateral trading system
yakavambwa pasi pekudyidzana kwepasi rose kwehupfumi, kusanganisira Chibvumirano cheGeneral Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) neWTO. Zvibvumirano zvekutengeserana zvedunhu zviri kuwedzera kutsiva mitemo yepasi rose yeWTO, zvichiwedzera kupatsanuka kwenzvimbo dzekutengeserana nenzvimbo dzemaindasitiri. Zvinetso kumutemo weInonyanya-Favored-Nation (MFN) mukati meWTO unowedzera kuomesa kutengeserana nedzimwe nyika, zvikuru maererano nenyaya dzekuwana misika, kusaenzana kwekutengeserana, uye kuchengetedzwa kwepfuma. Zvakare, nyaya dzehupfumi nekutengeserana dzawedzera kuita zvematongerwo enyika, zvichisundira WTO parutivi rwekutonga kwehupfumi hwenyika uye kukanganisa mitemo yayo yekutengeserana.

Pamusoro pezvo, denda reCCIDID-19 rakawedzera ruzivo pakati penyika nezve kudiwa kwekusiyanisa njodzi dzekutengesa, zvichiwedzera kusimudzira maitiro ekusaita unilateralism uye populism.
Geopolitical kufunga kuri kuwedzera kupesvedzera hupfumi uye kutengeserana marongero, kusimbisa
mibatanidzwa nepo zvichigona kukanganisa hukama hwehupfumi kupfuura mapoka aya. Zvisinei nekuedza kwakasimba, nhaurirano pasi peDoha Round dzakatadza, uye dare rekukwidza reWTO rakaramba rakaremara kubva Zvita 2019.

Iko kushanduka kwemitemo yekutengeserana kwenyika kwave iri nzira ine simba kubva muZera re
Kuongorora. Pamberi pekuwanikwa kwakakosha kwemugungwa, kutengeserana kwepasirese kwakashanda mudunhu
zvikero. Kutengeserana kwemugungwa kwakabatana pasirese, kumisa hurongwa hwekutengeserana hwepasi rose hwakagadzirisa hukama hwepasirese, kukanganisa hurongwa hwekare hwemitero uye maonero ekondinendi-centric. Kutevera Hondo Yenyika II, kugadzwa kweGATT uye gare gare WTO kwakaisa hwaro hwehurongwa hwekutengeserana hwakasiyana-siyana hwakavakirwa pakubatsirana. Kupinda kweChina kuhurongwa uhu kwakagonesa kubatana kwakadzama mumaketani epasi rose, zvichiita kuti hupfumi hwayo husimuke kuburikidza nekudyidzana kwepasi rose kwehupfumi uye kubudirira kunoshamisa kwehupfumi.

Nhasi, mamiriro ekutengeserana epasi rose ari zvakare kuita shanduko dzakadzama dzehurongwa,
kuchida hurongwa hutsva uye zvirango mukati mehurongwa hwekutengeserana huri kusimukira, uye mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, nyika pachayo inofanirawo kugadzirisa zvine hungwaru kuti ifambe nemachinjo aya nemazvo.

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