Matarisiro ekudyidzana nedzimwe nyika mukuona kugadzikana kwemamiriro ekunze muCentral Asia

Central Asia ndeimwe yenzvimbo dzakanyanya kutambudzika pasirese nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze. Nharaunda, inoratidzirwa nekusanaya kwemvura, kushanduka kwekushisa kwakapinza uye kuderera kwemvura, pamwe nekugoverwa kwakasiyana-siyana kwezviwanikwa, inonyanya kunetseka nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze.

Maererano neUnited Nations Development Program, avhareji yekushisa kwegore negore muCentral Asia yakawedzera ne 0.5 ° C mumakore makumi matatu apfuura uye inotarisirwa kuwedzera ne 30-2.0 ° C ne5.7. njodzi dzinongoitika dzoga dzinotyisidzira kuchengetedzwa kwemuviri, hupfumi hwakakosha uye kuwana hutano uye dzidzo. Kusagadzikana kwehupfumi nemagariro, kuderera kwehunyanzvi hwekutsvagisa, uye kuderedzwa kwakanyanya kwenzvimbo dzekurima uye dzechisikigo zvinokanganisawo kugona kweCentral Asia nyika kutarisana nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze.

1. Mamiriro ekunze nemvura ine hukama, simba nemamwe matambudziko ane kukanganisa kwakanyanya munyika dzese dziri mudunhu.

Chekutanga, kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze kwakatyisidzira kuchengetedzwa kwemvura uye simba reCentral Asia nyika. Mazaya echando ari kudzikira (achidzikira muhukuru ne30% pamakore makumi mashanu kusvika makumi matanhatu apfuura), ukuwo kudiwa kwemvura nesimba munharaunda kuri kukura. Maererano nekufanotaura, ne50 huwandu hwevanhu veCentral Asia huchawedzera kubva pamamiriyoni 60 kusvika ku2050 mamiriyoni evanhu. Maererano nenyanzvi dzeFAO neWorld Bank, zviwanikwa zvemvura pamunhu munyika dzeCentral Asia zvinokwana (anenge 77 zviuru m110).⁾ , uye dambudziko riri munharaunda harisi kushomeka kwavo, asi kushandisa zvisina musoro zvakanyanya. Kuvepo kwezviwanikwa zvemvura inodzokororwa mudzimba munyika dzakaderera hakuna kusimba.

Mamiriro ezvinhu aya achawedzerwa kwete nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze chete, asiwo nekukura kwekugadzira, kurima uye huwandu hwevanhu, izvo zvinozoita kuti kudiwa kwemvura kuwedzere.

The Asian Development Bank ( ADB ) inofanotaura kuderera kwehuwandu hwemvura mumabheseni eSyr Darya neAmu Darya ne10-15% ne2050. Nzizi ndiyo inonyanya kukosha yemvura muCentral Asia, iyo inokanganisa kushayikwa kwemvura munyika dzenharaunda. Ikozvino kushomeka kwemvura muUzbekistan kunogona kuwedzera kusvika 7 bhiriyoni cubic metres panosvika 2030 uye kusvika 15 bhiriyoni cubic metres ne2050, tichifunga nezvekudzikira kwehuwandu hwemvura mumabheseni eSyr Darya neAmu Darya.

Sezvaunoziva, dambudziko guru rezvakatipoteredza mudunhu rinoramba riri kuoma kweGungwa reAral. Nyika dziri mudunhu dzine kushomeka kwekuita matekinoroji ekuchengetedza mvura, kurongeka kushoma kwehurongwa hwekutarisira, uye hapana nzira yakarongeka kune network yemvura yakajairika, kusanganisira nzizi diki nemadziva. Zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu aya, basa rakawanda rinoshanda rinodiwa nemasangano epasi rose, akadai seInternational Fund for Saving the Aral Sea uye Interstate Coordination Water Commission yeCentral Asia panyaya dzeAral Sea.

Chechipiri, gore rega rega nyika dzedunhu iri dzinotarisana nekusanaya kwemvura, izvo zvinoderedza goho, uye mune zvimwe zviitiko zvinotungamira kukuparadzwa kwavo zvachose, nekudaro zvichikonzera kukanganisa kukuru kwekurima uye kukonzeresa kuchengetedzeka kwekudya kwedunhu rose. Zvekurima zvinokwana 10-45% yeGDP yenyika dzeCentral Asia. Zvekurima zvinoshandisa chikamu che20-50% chevanhu vanoshanda, nepo, maererano neFAO, inopfuura hafu yenzvimbo inorimika yemvura inonaya inogara ichisangana nekusanaya kwemvura, uye dzinenge nzvimbo dzese dzinodiridzwa dzinosangana nepamusoro kana yakanyanya kuwanda kwekunetseka kwemvura.

Kusanaya kwemvura kunogonawo kukonzerwa nemadutu ejecha anoparadza uye guruva anogona kufambisa mabhiriyoni ematani ejecha mumakondinendi. Magwenga ari kuwedzera, zvichideredza huwandu hwevhu huripo hwekurima zvirimwa zvekudya.

Kupisa kunokonzerwa nekupisa kwakanyanya kunowedzera kushaikwa kwemvura uye kunoderedza huwandu hwemafuro anowanikwa, izvo zvinoita kuti goho riderere uye kukanganisa kurima kwezvipfuyo.

Chetatu, kukanganisa kugadzirwa kwesimba kubva pakukwira kwetembiricha uye kudzikira kwekunaya kwemvura, pamwe nekutyisidzirwa kwekugadzirwa kwemagetsi uye kutapurirana zvivakwa kubva kumamiriro ekunze akanyanya, zvinokanganisa cheni dzekugovera uye kuchengetedzeka kwesimba.

MuCentral Asia nyika dzakaita seKyrgyzstan neTajikistan, uko simba remvura rinoita basa repakati muhupfumi, kunyungudika kwemadhamu kunogona kuderedza kugadzirwa kwemagetsi uye kugadzira mamwe matambudziko ekugadzirisa gwenya remagetsi.

Kazhinji, maererano neWorld Bank, kukanganisa kwemamiriro ekunze kunogona kukonzera kudzikiswa kwe20% mukugadzirwa kwemagetsi emagetsi muKyrgyzstan neTajikistan mumakore anotevera. Kuwedzera tembiricha yemvura kana kusakwana kwehuwandu hwemvura kunogona kukanganisa kugadzirwa kwesimba kubva kumagetsi emagetsi ekupisa munharaunda yese.

Nechina, mhedzisiro yemagariro nehupfumi yekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze muCentral Asia inotsanangurwa nekurasikirwa kwemari kunokonzerwa nekuwedzera kwenhamba uye kuwanda kwenjodzi dzinongoitika dzoga muCentral Asia, senge mafashama, kukoromoka kwevhu, mafungu, mafashama, madutu ejecha, moto, zvichikonzera kukanganisa kukuru kwezvinhu. . Maererano neWorld Bank, munyika shanu dzeCentral Asia kubvira muna 1991, mafashamo oga akakanganisa vanhu vanopfuura miriyoni imwe chete uye akaparadza mari inopfuura bhiriyoni imwe chete yemadhora. Pakazara, njodzi dzinongoitika dzoga munharaunda iyi dzinokonzera kurasikirwa kunosvika mabhiriyoni gumi emadhora. madhora uye kukanganisa hupenyu hwevanhu vangangoita mamirioni matatu gore rega rega.

Kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze, kunoperekedzwa nemamiriro ekunze akanyanyisa, zvinowedzera kuwedzera vatyairi vehurombo. Njodzi dzinongoitika dzoga dzinogona kutungamirira kukumanikidzwa kutamiswa kwevanhu vane mari shoma. Mafashamo, kuondomoka kwevhu uye kukoromoka kwevhu zvinoparadza nzvimbo dzine vanhu uye vanhu vanorasikirwa nemararamiro avo. Kupisa kwakanyanya uye kushomeka kwemvura kunokanganisa goho rezvirimwa uye, nokudaro, mari yevarimi. Mukuwedzera, maererano nemushumo weWorld Bank, panosvika gore ra2050 panogona kuva nevanotamira kune dzimwe nyika vanosvika mamiriyoni 2.4 muCentral Asia.

2. Kuedza kweCentral Asia nyika kugadzirisa matambudziko ezvakatipoteredza epasi rose ane hukama zvakanyanya nemabasa eUN munzvimbo ino. Nyika dzese dzeCentral Asia dzakasaina nekusimbisa Chibvumirano cheParis, chibvumirano chikuru chepasi rose chine chekuita nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze chiri kushanda, icho chine chinangwa chekubatanidza nyika dzese muhurongwa hwese hwekuita nhamburiko dzekurwisa shanduko yemamiriro ekunze uye kuenderana nemhedzisiro yayo.

Matunhu edunhu anotora chikamu mumisangano yese yepasirese pamusoro pekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza pasina kusarudzika uye akabvuma kune angangoita ese magungano eUN ezvakatipoteredza. Izvi zvinosanganisira: Chibvumirano cheFramework on Climate Change; Kokorodzano pamusoro peBidiversity; Vienna Convention uye Montreal Protocol yeKuchengetedza Ozone Layer; Kokorodzano Yokurwisa Kuva Renje; Chibvumirano cheBasel cheKudzorwa Kwekufamba Kwemarara ane Njodzi uye Kuraswa Kwadzo; Kokorodzano yeAarhus yeKuwana Ruzivo, Kutora Chikamu Cheruzhinji muKuita Sarudzo uye Kuwana Ruramisiro muNyaya Dzemamiriro ekunze.

Mumakore achangopfuura, nyika dzeCentral Asia dzakatangisa akati wandei zvirongwa zvine chinangwa chekukwezva kutarisisa kwenharaunda dzepasirese kumatambudziko ezvakatipoteredza edunhu.

Izvi zvinosanganisira "International Decade for Action: Water for Sustainable Development 2018-2028", yakatangwa neTajikistan, uye chigadziriso chitsva chine musoro unoti "Zvisikwa hazvizivi miganhu: kubatana kwepasirese kwakakosha mukuchengetedza uye kushandiswa kwakasimba kwezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana", zvakakurudzirwa na Kijisitani.

Kudiwa kwekutora matanho anobudirira pamusoro pekugadzirisa kune migumisiro yekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze kwakatungamirira kune kunyanya kukoshesa kweUzbekistan pazvinhu zvose zvakakosha pamamiriro ekunze. Nokudaro, nekuda kwekuedza kweTashkent, muna 2018, pasi pehutungamiri hweUnited Nations, Multi-Partner Fund yeHuman Security yeAral Sea region yakagadzirwa, iyo yava nzvimbo yakavimbika yerubatsiro runoshanda kubva kunyika dzepasi rose kusvika kune dzimwe nyika. vagari venharaunda vanogara munharaunda ine mamiriro ezvinhu akaoma ezvakatipoteredza. Parizvino, Fund yakwezva madhora zana nemakumi matatu nemazana mashanu emamiriyoni emadhora kubva kunyika dzinopa mari.

Zvakaitika zvakakosha ndezvekuti muna 2021, panguva yemusangano wechimakumi manomwe neshanu weUN General Assembly, sarudzo yakakosha yakakurudzirwa neMutungamiriri weUzbekistan pakuzivisa nzvimbo yeAral Sea senzvimbo yekuvandudza kwezvakatipoteredza uye tekinoroji, inotsigirwa pamwe nenyika makumi matanhatu. kugamuchirwa pamwe chete. Panguva yechiitiko chakaitwa muna Gumiguru wegore rino. Pa75rd International Forum "Imwe Bhandi, Imwe Mugwagwa" ( bis ), Bato reUzbek rakaronga kugadzira, nekutora chikamu kwemakambani anotungamira kubva kuChina nevamwe vadyidzani vekunze mudunhu reAral Sea, Special Demonstration Technology Park yekuitwa kwemaindasitiri uye akakosha zvirongwa zvinoenderana nekusumwa kwakapararira kwe "girinhi" michina. Hutungamiri hwenyika yedu hwakakurudzirawo kuvhura sainzi uye ruzivo chikuva chekuendesa "girinhi" ruzivo nemhinduro pahwaro hweInternational Innovation Center yedunhu reAral Sea.

Uzbekistan inogara ichitora chikamu mumisangano yegore negore yeUN Framework Convention on Climate Change. Mumusangano wechimakumi maviri nenomwe, wakaitwa muna 27, nhumwa dzeUzbek dzakakurudzira kubatanidza kuyedza kuita kuti kabhoni kusarerekera, kusimudzira masosi emagetsi, mapurojekiti ekugadzirisa shanduko yemamiriro ekunze, kurwisa kuparara kwegwenga uye kuparara kwevhu, kuunza matekinoroji ekuchengetedza mvura uye zvimwe zviitiko zvemamiriro ekunze muCentral Asia.

Chimwe chinhu chakakosha ndechekuti UN yakatsigira chinangwa cheUzbekistan chekuita yekutanga International Climate Forum muSamarkand muchirimo cha2024, yakatsaurirwa nyaya dzekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, iyo inofunga kukurukura mikana yekudyidzana nedzimwe nyika kuderedza njodzi nekutyisidzira mudunhu reCentral Asia uye nyaya. yekukwezva mari yemamiriro ekunze. Panguva yemusangano wechimakumi manomwe nesere weUN General Assembly munaGunyana gore rino. MuNew York, Mutungamiriri weUzbekistan akatora danho rekutora sarudzo yeUN General Assembly "Central Asia takatarisana nekutyisidzirwa kwemamiriro ekunze epasi rose: kubatana kwekubudirira kwakafanana" uye akakurudzira kukurukura nezvezvirongwa zvayo zvikuru paSamarkand Forum.

Hutungamiri hweUzbekistan huri kubhadharawo kuwedzera kutarisisa kubatanidzwa kwemazano ekutanga - iyo "Green Agenda yeCentral Asia" uye "Green Silk Road". Panyaya iyi, vachitaura pa3rd BRI Forum, Mutungamiri wenyika Sh. Mirziyoyev akaronga "kugadzira chirongwa chakazara cheGreen Development Programme yekushandiswa kunoshanda kwemabasa akakosha: shanduko yegirini uye digitalization yezvikamu zvehupfumi; kugadzira zvivakwa zvinogara zviripo muzvikamu zvekutakura uye zvemagetsi; kutanga "green" indasitiri masimba; kuderedza urombo nekusimudzira zvekurima "smart"."

Muchirevo chechinyorwa chino, divi reUzbek rakakurudzirawo kumisa Green Finance Fund munyika yedu, inova chishandiso chinoshanda chekuunganidza zviwanikwa zvemari mukusimudzira hupfumi hwakaderera-kabhoni uye tekinoroji yakachena, pamwe nekuunzwa kwepamusoro kwezvakatipoteredza. zviyero munyika dzeCentral Asia.

Zvirongwa zviri pamusoro zveUzbekistan zvinobatsira mukuwedzera kutora chikamu kwenyika yedu mukuona kugadzikana kwemamiriro ekunze muCentral Asia, kutendesa, kutsigira uye kusimbisa "hurukuro yegirinhi" mudunhu uye nekumhiri, kuisa zvakasimba Central Asia semutori wechikamu akakosha mukuita masangano. kudyidzana kwenyika dzepasi rese mukugadzirisa matambudziko arikumanikidza ekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze uye kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza. Ivo zvakare vanokodzera zvakajeka mukuitwa kwezvinangwa zvikuru uye zvinangwa zveChirongwa chekuchinja kweRepublic yeUzbekistan kuenda ku "green economy" yenguva 2019-2030, yakagamuchirwa muna 2019.

Kazhinji, mumakore achangopfuura kwave nekuwedzerwa kwekubatsira kweUzbekistan nedzimwe nyika dzeCentral Asia mukugadzirisa nyaya dzakanyanya kuoma dzine chekuita nekudzikisa mhedzisiro uye kujairana nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze munyika nematunhu ayo ega. Uyezve, sezvakataurwa nenyanzvi dzeWorld Bank muNyika Report on Climate and Development, yakabudiswa muna Mbudzi wegore rino, matanho ekugadzirisa kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze uye kubvisa hupfumi hweUzbekistan hunoita kuti simba riwedzere simba rinogona kubatsira kuzadzisa zvinangwa zvebudiriro yenyika uye kuvandudza kugara zvakanaka. vagari vayo.

Khoshimova Shahodat
Muongorori Mukuru weRuzivo uye Analytical Center yehukama hwepasirese pasi peBazi rezvekunze reRepublic yeUzbekistan.

Limanov Oleg
Muongorori Mukuru weRuzivo uye Analytical Center yehukama hwepasirese pasi peBazi rezvekunze reRepublic yeUzbekistan.

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