Nei Bulgaria Ichirega Nemaune EU Energy Policy?

Kwemakore gumi apfuura European Commission yakataura nezve "kusimba kwesimba rakawanda, kushomeka kwesimba remagetsi, uye kushomeka kwezvivakwa zvezvakatipoteredza zvinokanganisa basa rebhizinesi uye kukwikwidza” kuripo muBulgaria - anonyora Dick Roche, aimbova Gurukota reIrish reEuropean Affairs uye aimbove Gurukota rezvakatipoteredza.

Kubva zvabuda report iyoyo zvishoma zvachinja. Makore gumi nemanomwe mushure mekupinda muEU Bulgaria inoshandisa simba rakapetwa kana pachikamu cheGDP pane avhareji yeEU. Nepo dzimwe nyika dzenhengo dzakabatana neEU kubva 2004 dzakacheka zvakanyanya simba radzo, Bulgaria haina kufambira mberi. Izvo hazvisi nhanho nevadyidzani veEU. Mubvunzo unomuka nei Bulgaria ichifuratira nemaune mutemo wesimba reEU?

Mweya Wokubatana

Kupinda kweRussia muUkraine muna 2022 kwakaunza matambudziko makuru kuEuropean Union.

Muchikamu chesimba umo zvanga zvave pachena kwenguva yakati kuti EU yainyanya kutsamira pakupinzwa kunze kwemafuta ekuRussia efossil, matambudziko aive akanyanya.

Mukutarisana nechisimba, kutengeswa kweRussia gasi kunze kwakaderera ne80 bhiriyoni cubic metres. Nepo EU yaive yatozvipira kumisa kunze kwenyika yeRussia fossil mafuta "nekukurumidza sezvinobvira" kudonha kweRussia gasi rekupa uye kubuda kwehondo kwakaunza tarisiro yedambudziko chairo. Paive nekufungidzira kwakashata kuti Europe yaigona kuve dongo remaguta ane rima ane chando chine mabhizinesi nedzimba dzakatarisana nezvikwereti zvakakura zvemagetsi uye nemaindasitiri anoshandisa simba zvakanyanya akatarisana nekuvharwa. Iyi yaive nguva yekubatana kweEU uye kuita nekukurumidza.

EU, kune chikwereti chayo, yakakurumidza kugadzirisa dambudziko iri. Musi wa29 Chikumi 2022 Regulation EU 2022/1032 yakagamuchirwa nevamiriri veEU vemitemo.

Shanduko dzemutemo dzakaitwa munguva yerekodhi nekuda kwezvakaonekwa naKomisheni Kardi Simson se "mweya wekubatana" pakati pevatambi vakakosha veEU.

Iyo June 2022 Gasi Storage Regulation uye Implementing Regulation yakagamuchirwa muna Mbudzi unotevera, yakaisa zvinangwa zvekuchengetedza gasi kune dzimwe nhengo. Nyika dzeEU dzaisungirwa kuyedza kuzadza makumi masere neshanu muzana eEU yakazara pasi pevhu yekuchengetedza gasi muna 85 uye kuzadza makumi mapfumbamwe muzana eEurope gasi rekuchengetedza gasi panosvika 2022 Mbudzi 90.

Zvinangwa izvozvo hazvina kungoitwa chete asi zvakapfuura. Pakazosvika Mbudzi 2022, EU-yakafara avhareji yekuchengetera mwero we94.9% yakawanikwa. Pakupera kwemwaka wekudziya wa2022, avhareji yekuchengetedza yakaramba yakakwira pa83.4 muzana yehuwandu. Pakazosvika Mbudzi 2023, iyo EU gasi yekuchengetedza gasi yakamira pa99% yehuwandu.

Hurongwa hwakaunzwa muMutemo iwoyo hwakaita chikamu chikuru mukudzivisa dambudziko remagetsi reEU iro rakanga rafanotaurwa nevakawanda.

Kubatana Kusinganyanyi Kuonekwa muNzvimbo Imwe

Mudzimu iwoyo wokubatana wakanga usinganyanyi kuoneka munzvimbo imwe. Chikamu chakaitwa nevashandi vegasi mukuchengetedza indasitiri yegasi yeEurope chave chisiri kuzivikanwa. Ikoku hakuna kumwe kunooneka zvikuru kupfuura muchiitiko cheBulgaria.  

Kuzadzikisa zvinangwa zvekuchengetedza zveEU zvakaiswa muna 2022 zvaida kudyidzana kunoshamisa pakati penhengo dzenhengo: zvaidawo kudyidzana kwepedyo pakati pehurumende nevatambi vemakambani akazvimirira.

Sezvo Mitemo yeEU yakanga ichigadzirirwa mitengo yegesi yakanga ichikwira. Vaya vari kunyora mutemo vakaziva kuti mutengo wekutenga gasi rekuisa mudura unogona kuunza matambudziko akanyanya emari kuindasitiri yegasi uye kunyanya kune vanoshanda vakazvimirira.   

Kugadzirisa njodzi dzemari Chinyorwa 6b (1) cheMutemo wakagamuchirwa muna Chikumi 2022 chinosungira nyika dzenhengo "kutora matanho anodiwa, kusanganisira kupa mari yekukurudzira kana muripo kune vanotora musika" vanobatanidzwa mukuzadzisa 'zvinangwa zvekuzadza' zvakaiswa muMutemo. .

Nzira yekubhadhara yakataurwa muRegulation yaive nechinangwa chekuchengetedza vatengesi vese vegasi avo 'vakakwira mundiro' uye vakaita chikamu chavo mukuedza kweEU kuti vauye munguva yechando ya2022 na2023. Handiwo mashandisirwo akaitwa michina iyi. Bharugeriya.

Nguva dzose ari Outrider

Mukutarisana neEU Energy Council muna Kurume 2023, Komisheni yakapa mushumo wayo wekushanda kwegasi rekuchengetedza gasi.

Chirevo chakapa mucherechedzo wakanaka wematanho akatorwa nenyika dzenhengo kuzadzisa zvisungo zvekuchengetedza gasi. Zvakadaro, zvakanyarara panzira dzekuripa dzakaiswa munyika dziri nhengo. Kusiyana neizvi, vezvematongerwo enyika veBulgaria havana kunyarara panyaya iyi.  

Mumazuva pamberi pemusangano weKanzuru, aimbova Gurukota reMagetsi eBulgaria, Rosen Histov akazivisa kuti aive muhurukuro nevane chekuita nezvemubvunzo wemuripo wenzira iyo, yaakataura, yaizobhadhara mutengo wegasi rinodhura kwazvo raipombwa muBulgaria. nzvimbo dzekuchengetera pasi pevhu. Gurukota vasina kutsanangura nezvevabatanidzi vaaibata navo, vakati chaive chinangwa chavo kukwidza mutengo wekuchengetera gasi nevamwe vashumiri muBrussels.

Mutungamiri weBulgaria, Ruman Radev, akataurawo nezvenyaya iyi. Vakurudzira kuti EU ipindire kutsigira nhamburiko dzenyika dziri nhengo dzekutsvaga nzira yekuripa kuderera kwemutengo wegasi rakaiswa mudura. Pfungwa yeMutungamiriri wekuti Brussels inofanira 'kunhonga tebhu' haina kushanda.  

Panzvimbo yekuunza nzira yekuripa inofambirana nezvinodiwa zvakaiswa neEU muna Chikumi 2023, Bulgaria yakaunza chirongwa chechikwereti chakaderera icho chakapa Bulgargaz ne400 miriyoni, mari inotarisirwa nevashoma ichazombodzorerwa. Vanoshanda vakazvimiririra vakanyorera kuti vabatsirwe chirongwa ichi hapana kwavakaenda; 'vakasiiwa kunze kuchitonhora', vachimanikidzwa kutakura mutoro mukuru wekubhadhara gasi rakatengwa apo mitengo yegasi rechisikigo yakanga yakakwira zvakanyanya kubva kune yavo pachavo.

Urongwa uhwu hunoratidzazve hunhu hweBulgaria hwekushandisa mukana wese kubatsira bhizinesi rehurumende, riine rekodhi risingasviki rekodhi, mukukanganisa kwevashandisi vega, iko kupikisa kwemutemo weEU.

Nguva Yekuita neEU

Komisheni yeEU yave zvinoshamisa, vazhinji vangati, vachishivirira zvakanyanya chinzvimbo chakakosha icho Bulgargaz yehurumende, chikamu cheBulgarian Energy Holding (BEH) boka rinonakidzwa muchikamu chesimba reBulgaria.

Sezvambotaurwa, Komisheni, muna 2013 yakacherechedza Bulgaria kusimba kwesimba rakawanda, kushomeka kwesimba, uye kushomeka kwezvivakwa zvezvakatipoteredza izvo zvakaona sekukanganisa "basa rebhizinesi uye kukwikwidza". Idzo nzvimbo dzisina kunaka dzakamuka uye dzinoramba dziripo muchikamu chisiri chidiki kubva pakutonga kwekumanikidza iyo yehurumende Bulgargaz yakabvumidzwa kurovedza muviri muchikamu chesimba.

Muna 2018, Komisheni mushure mekuongorora kwemakore akawanda yakabhadharisa kambani € 77 miriyoni yekuvharisa mukwikwidzi kuwana kune zvakakosha zvivakwa uye kutyora mitemo yeEU antitrust. Chiito cheKomisheni yaive nyaya yekusundidzira kumashure kwezvematongerwo enyika muBulgaria. Pane imwe nguva vamiriri vese veParamende zana nemakumi manomwe nevatanhatu vaive muParamende yeBulgaria vakavhotera chikumbiro chekuramba chinzvimbo cheKomisheni.

Zvichitevera kubhadhariswa faindi iyoyo, hurumende yeBulgaria yakatora chaionekwa nevamwe sechiratidzo chekuti zvinhu zvakanga zvava kuchinja. Yakaunza chirongwa chekuti huwandu hwakakosha hwegasi hwaifanira kuwanikwa kune vechitatu mapato. Izvi zvaionekwa senhanho munzira kwayo yaizosimudzira kusununguka kwemusika wegasi weBulgaria. Tariro iyoyo yakanga iri yenguva pfupi: purogiramu yacho yakadzimwa pasina tsananguro mwedzi isati yatanga kushanda.

Muna Ndira 2023 kumwe kuratidzwa kwechinzvimbo chinoshamisa chinonakidzwa neboka reBulgargaz muBulgaria kwakaratidzwa nechiziviso chekuti kambani, pasina chiziviso kuEU yakanga yasaina chibvumirano chakakakavadzana nemumwe wayo weTurkey BOTAS.

Chibvumirano ichi chinopa 'musuwo wekumashure' wekuti gasi reRussia rakadzokororwa kupinda muEU, rinopesana nezvishuwo zveEU zvekurumura Europe kubva kumafuta eRussia, zvinokanganisa EU 'hutongi hwesimba' uye inopa hutungamiriri hwezvematongerwo enyika hweTurkey chigadziro chakakosha chekushandisa mukudyidzana mune ramangwana. iyo EU.

 Chibvumirano chinopa mabhenefiti anokatyamadza emakwikwi kune vese vakasaina uye chinosimbisa kusungirirwa uko Bulgargaz inonakirwa pamusoro pemakwikwi muBulgaria.

Ndichiri kurumbidzwa nehurumende yeBulgaria panguva yekusaina chibvumirano cheBOTAS-Bulgargaz chakashoropodzwa zvakanyanya nehurumende yeBulgaria yakatora basa muna Chikumi. Hurumende iri kuongorora chibvumirano ichi sechikamu chekuongorora mitemo yakatorwa nevakaitangira.  

Chibvumirano ichi chakaridzawo mabhero neEU Commission. Gumiguru rapfuura Komisheni yakazivisa kuferefeta muchibvumirano ichi uye yakakumbira Bulgargaz kuti ipe rondedzero yakazara yezvinyorwa zvine chekuita nazvo. Chiziviso ichocho chakabatana nechiziviso chakaitwa musi wa7^th Kukadzi kuti Komisheni yakafunga kuti Bulgaria yakakundikana kuzadzisa zvisungo zvayo pasi peSecurity of Gas Supply Regulation inogona kunge iri chiratidzo chekuti kushivirira kwehuwandu hwemitemo yemagetsi yeBulgaria, kunyanya maererano negasi, iri kupera. Nguva ichataura.

Kudzokera kumubvunzo wakabvunzwa pakutanga - nei Bulgaria ichirega nemaune mutemo wesimba reEU? Mhinduro yacho, muchidimbu, ingaite sekutenda kunoshamisa mune mamwe matunhu ezvematongerwo enyika mumuenzaniso wevaridzi vehurumende.

Bulgaria haisiriyo yega nyika nhengo yakabatana neEU nemabhizinesi ehurumende muzvikamu zvakakosha zvehupfumi. IIreland ndiyo muenzaniso chaiwo. Ireland payakapinda panguva iyoyo EEC muna 1973 mabhizinesi ehurumende aive vatambi vakuru musimba, zvekufambisa, zvekutaurirana uye kuvepo mune mamwe matunhu. Mabhizinesi ehurumende yeIreland akavambwa nekuda kwezvikonzero zvinoshanda kwete zvepfungwa. Vakaita basa rinokosha munguva yavo. Mumakore kubva Ireland yakapinda muEU, nhamba yakakura yemakambani aya akatorwa zvizere kana muchikamu mubazi rakazvimirira. Vamwe nokuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana vakabuda mubhizimisi. Iwo asara anoshanda mumusika wakasununguka uye unokwikwidza. Kunyange vamwe vangademba shanduko iyi, chokwadi chinoshanda ndechekuti hupfumi hwemakwikwi hwakavhurika uko bhizinesi rakazvimiririra rinokurudzirwa kuti ribudirire ndicho kiyi yekukura kwehupfumi hweIreland. Bulgaria haina kumbosiyana neIreland - hupfumi hwemakwikwi hwakavhurika hunogona kuunza pane kunamatira pamhando yehupfumi yakadzika midzi munguva yakapfuura.   

Dick Roche aimbova Gurukota reIrish reEuropean Affairs uye aimbove Gurukota rezvezvakatipoteredza

Mufananidzo ne KWON JUNHO on Unsplash

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