Azerbaijan: Gedhi uye mutyairi weMiddle Corridor

Sezvo geopolitical zviyero zvinoshanduka muSouth Caucasus, Azerbaijan iri kuzvisimbisa semutambi akakosha padanho repasi rose. Sezvo chimiro chayo chepasi rose chichikwira, Azerbaijan iri kuwedzera kudyidzana nematunhu pasirese. Inyika yakakosha mukuvandudzwa kweMiddle Corridor, Azerbaijan iri kusimbisa hukama hwayo neEurope neCentral Asia-kusanganisira Turkmenistan neUzbekistan. Izvi zvinosimbisa kubuda kwayo sedombo repakona mukushanduka kweMiddle Corridor. Mumwe anogona kutotaura kuti Azerbaijan neTurkmenistan vari kugadzirisazve Eurasia, sezvakataurwa naValiyev, C. (2025, July 31). Idzi nyika mbiri dzinodyidzana dzave mbiru mukuvandudzwa kweiyi nzira.

Zvibvumirano zvakakosha zvakasainwa pakati peAzerbaijan, Turkmenistan, neTürkiye mumakore achangopfuura, zvichiratidza kushingaira kweTurkmenistan kutora chikamu muMiddle Corridor.

Kutenda kune assertive diplomacy, hurongwa hwesimba zviwanikwa, uye inotungamira mutemo wekunze, Azerbaijan iri kuwedzera kudyidzana kwayo pasi rese. Musi waChikumi 10, 2025, Mutungamiri Ilham Aliyev akasangana nemumwe wake wekuArmenia, Nikol Pashinyan, kuti vakurukure nezvechibvumirano cherunyararo. Kudyidzana uku kunoratidza maitiro akafaranuka: nyika yakatsunga kuita basa repakati mune zvese zvedunhu nepasi rose.

Sezvo simba rinotungamirira muSouth Caucasus, Azerbaijan iri kuswedera pedyo kwete chete neEurope uye nyika dzakavakidzana dzakadai seArmenia, asiwo kuCentral Asia. Musi waChikunguru 2, Mutungamiriri Aliyev akatambira Mutungamiri weUzbekistan, Shavkat Mirziyoyev, zvichikonzera kusaina zvibvumirano makumi maviri. Uyezve, Uzbekistan yakavhura Uzbek Park muBaku, guta guru reAzerbaijan. Maererano ne Nyaya dzeCaspian, Uzbekistan Park muBaku inotarisirwa kuve chiratidzo chetsika uye chiratidzo chakasimba chekubatana kweTurkic. Ichapa maAzerbaijani nevashanyi mukana wakasarudzika wekuona tsika dzeUzbek pachavo, ukuwo uchishanda sepuratifomu yetsika diplomacy, shanduko yedzidzo, uye vanhu-kune-vanhu kubatana.

Pakati paNdira naChivabvu wegore rino, shanduko yekutengeserana pakati peAzerbaijan neUzbekistan yakapetwa katatu zvichienzaniswa nenguva imwe cheteyo muna 2024, ichipfuura USD 200 miriyoni. Nyika mbiri idzi dzine chinangwa chekusvika USD 1 bhiriyoni mukutengeserana kwepagore nekudyara. Parizvino, anenge mazana matatu emabhizimusi akabatana anoshanda munyika dzese dziri mbiri.

Zvadaro, musi wa16 July 2025, Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedov, Sachigaro weHalk Maslahaty yekuTurkmenistan, akashanyira Azerbaijan zvichitevera kukokwa kwakaitwa Mutungamiriri Ilham Aliyev. Kushanya uku kwakaratidza chiitiko chakakosha mukusimbaradza hukama hweTurkmen neAzerbaijan.

Minval.az zvakare yakashuma kuti Türkiye neEuropean Union vanofarira kutakura gasi reTurkmen kuenda kuEurope kuburikidza neAzerbaijan. Zvisinei, izvi zvaizoda kuvakwa kwepombi pasi peCaspian Sea. Maererano nevanoongorora, Azerbaijan yakagadzirira kutsigira chirongwa ichi.

Izvo zvakakoshawo kuratidza kukosha kwekushanya kwemutungamiri weTurkmen kuKarabakh. Kushanya kwakadaro kunoonekwa sechiratidzo chekutsigira hutongi hweAzerbaijan uye kuperera kwenzvimbo. Kushanya kwaBerdimuhamedov kuAzerbaijan kunoonekwa senhoroondo. Kekutanga, mutungamiri weTurkmen kwenguva refu akaenda kuBaku, achiratidzira nguva huru muhukama hwenyika mbiri, sekureva kwa Caspian Post.

Mumakore achangopfuura, hukama pakati peAzerbaijan neTurkmenistan hwawedzera kusimba. Chiratidzo chine simba chekubatana uku chaive chibvumirano chekusimudzira pa "Dostlug" mafuta uye gasi munda (yaimbova nharo Kyapaz / Serdar block) muCaspian Sea. Musi waNdira 23, 2021, panguva yemusangano wevhidhiyo pakati pePresident Ilham Aliyev naGurbanguly Berdimuhamedov, nyika mbiri idzi dzakasaina chibvumirano chekudyidzana pakati pehurumende pamusoro pekuongorora, kusimudzira, uye kushandiswa kwezviwanikwa zvehydrocarbon mumunda weDostlug. Caspian Post.

Muna Kurume 2021, chibvumirano chekuchinja gasi rechisikigo chakasainwa pakati peAzerbaijan, Turkmenistan, neIran. Azerbaijan yakazotenga Turkmen gasi kuburikidza neIran. Nekudaro, nekuda kwekusawirirana pamusoro pemitengo, kuyerera kwegasi kwakaguma kutanga kwa2024. Chisarudzo chenyaya iyi chinotarisirwa zvichitevera kushanya kwaBerdimuhamedov, maererano naValiyev (2025, Chikunguru 31).

Hukama hwehupfumi pakati peAzerbaijan neTurkmenistan huri kuramba huchikura zvishoma nezvishoma. Muna 2024, kutengeserana kwenyika mbiri kwakasvika USD 383.7 miriyoni, uye mumwedzi yekutanga ya2025, yakanga yatopfuura madhora zana nemakumi mapfumbamwe nemasere. Turkmenistan inoramba iri mutengesi akakosha wezvigadzirwa zvesimba, makemikari, uye machira, nepo Azerbaijan ichitengesa zvinhu zveinjiniya, zvekuvaka, uye chikafu kuTurkmenistan, sekureva kwechinyorwa chakaitwa naHeybatov (Chikunguru 118, 18). Kushanya kwaAliyev kuAshgabat kunotarisirwawo gore rino.

Munguva yekushanya kwake kwazvino kuBaku, Berdimuhamedov akataura kuti chinangwa cherwendo urwu ndechekudzamisa nekuwedzera hukama hwenyika mbiri uye nekumhanyisa kuita kwezvirongwa zvitsva zvakabatana.

Turkmen-Azerbaijani hukama hwakawedzera munguva pfupi yapfuura Musangano Wechitatu weUnited Nations weNyika Dzinosimukira Dzakavharirwa (LLDC3)-musangano wakanangana nekugadzirisa matambudziko akasiyana akatarisana nenyika dzichiri kusimukira dzakakomberedzwa nevhu. Nhumwa dzeAzerbaijani dzakaita basa, dzichitungamirwa naMutungamiriri Ali Asadov.

Pamusangano weLLDC3, Mutungamiriri Asadov akataura kuti huwandu hwekutakura zvinhu kuburikidza neMiddle Corridor hwawedzera. 90 muzana kubvira 2022, Uye kuti nguva yekufambisa munzira yakadzikiswa zvakanyanya, maererano ne Kazinform.

Sezvo Seilkhanov, A. (Nyamavhuvhu 5, 2025) akanyora Kazinform, "Kubatanidzwa kwezvivakwa zvekutakura zveAzerbaijan neCentral Asia nyika inoumba hwaro hwekubatana kweEurasian."

Izvo zvakakoshawo kucherechedza kuti pa August 5, inokosha musangano wematatu yakaitika muguta re Advance pakati pe:

• Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedov, Sachigaro wePeople's Council yeTurkmenistan
• Shavkat Mirziyov, Mutungamiri weRepublic yeUzbekistan
• Ali Asadov, Mutungamiriri weRepublic of Azerbaijan

Musangano uyu wakaitwa muchikamu cheLLDC3.

Mumusangano uyu, vatungamiri vakakurukura nezvekuwedzera kudyidzana kwematunhu, kusimudzira mapurojekiti emagetsi pamwe nezvekufambisa, nekusimbisa hukama hwetsika nerubatsiro. Mutungamiri Asadov akasvitsa kwaziso kubva kuMutungamiriri weAzerbaijani Ilham Aliyev uye akasimbisa kuzvipira kweAzerbaijan mukugadzikana kwedunhu nebudiriro.

Sachigaro Berdimuhamedov uye Mutungamiri Mirziyoyev vakasimbisa kukosha kwekusimbisa hushamwari uye hukama pakati pemarudzi matatu. Musangano uyu wakapera nechitauriro pamwe nezvibvumirano zvinotsanangura mafambiro emushandirapamwe.

Musangano uyu unoonekwa sedanho rakakosha rezvematongerwo enyika rekuvhura mikana mitsva yekugadzikana nebudiriro muCentral Asia neSouth Caucasus.

Munguva yeLLDC3, nhumwa dzeAzerbaijani dzaisanganisira vanhu vakawanda vane mukurumbira vakaita se Sahiba Gafarova, Mutauriri weMilli Majlis (Paramende) yeAzerbaijan, Sevil Mikayilova, Nhengo yeMilli Majlis, uye Azerbaijani Mutevedzeri weMutungamiri weInter-Parliamentary Union (IPU). Kuvapo kwavo kwakasimbisa kuzvipira kweAzerbaijan kunhaurirano dzemarudzi akawanda uye kubatana kwedunhu.

On August 5, 2025, mumwe musangano wevamiriri veCaspian states zvakaitika mu Avaza National Tourist Zone, yakarongwa neBazi reTurkmenistan Rinoona Nezvekune dzimwe nyika. Vakuru vepamusoro kubva Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Russia, uye Tekimenisitani akapinda chiitiko ichi. Vatori vechikamu vakachinjana maonero ekushandira pamwe muGungwa reCaspian, vachitarisa pa:

• Kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza uye kudzivirira
• Kuchengetedza zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana
• Sustainable resource management
• Kugadzirisa kunyura kweGungwa reCaspian

Mukutaura kwake, Rashid Meredov, Mutevedzeri waSachigaro weCabinet of Ministers uye Minister of Foreign Affairs yeTurkmenistan, vakasimbisa kukosha kwekuita kwakarongeka kunoenderana nesarudzo dzakaitwa kare. Caspian Heads of State Summits. Akasimbisawo basa rekuita reTurkmenistan mukutanga Caspian Environmental Initiative, yakatanga kuziviswa neMutungamiri Serdar Berdimuhamedov pa 78th UN General Assembly.

Chekupedzisira, Azerbaijan iri kuwedzera kuzivikanwa nekuda kwekukurudzira kwayo diplomacy uye kukura kuvapo kwenyika dzese. Bepanhau reFrance rine mukurumbira Le Monde yakabudisa nyaya ine musoro "Azerbaijan inozviti isimba redunhu" on Kubvumbi 23, 2024, iyo Grynszpan & Vincent kuratidza kubuda kweAzerbaijan sesimba rinotonga muCaucasus, kunyanya mune zvehondo. Nyaya yacho inotaura kuti Azerbaijan yakakosha mafuta uye gasi remusikirwo, kunyanya mu Gungwa reCaspian, ndiwo musimboti weupfumi hwayo. The kugadzira uye kutumira kunze kwenyika zvezviwanikwa izvi—kunyanya kuEurope—zvinoita basa guru mukukura kweupfumi hwenyika uye pesvedzero yezvematongerwo enyika.

Azerbaijan yakakudziridza hukama hwepedyo nevatambi vakawanda vepasi rose-kusanganisira iyo European Union, ivo nyika dzakabatana, Türkiye, Central Asia, uye Izirayeri-kuzvimisa sekiyi geostrategic mutambi.

Panguva yekushanya kwake kuBaku pa April 25, Kaja kallas, Mutevedzeri weMutungamiriri weEuropean Commission, akataura kuti Azerbaijan “inobatsira zvikuru munharaunda yacho.” Akawedzera kuti: "Pase, EU neAzerbaijan dzakafambira mberi zvakanyanya mukusimbisa hukama hwadzo. Takakurukura nzira dzekuwedzera kutengeserana nekuvandudza hukama."

Hosting the Musangano wechi29 wemapato (COP29) in November 2024 yakawedzera kusimbisa kuzvipira kweAzerbaijan simba risingaperi uye mamiriro ekunze. Musangano uyu wakaunza pamwe chete vatungamiriri vepasi rose nevamiriri kuti vafambire mberi kugadzikana kwemamiriro ekunze uye budiriro yegirinhi. Azerbaijan yakatanga zvirongwa zvakawanda, kusanganisira Baku Harmony Climate Initiative yeVarimi uye Multisectoral Action Pathways kune Resilient uye Hutano Maguta, uye yakazvipira kuderedza kuburitswa kwegasi regreenhouse kubudikidza 40% ne20502.

Azerbaijan iri kubuda sesimba redunhu, rinotungamirwa neayo zviwanikwa uye proactive foreign policy. Kubatana pakati Mutungamiri Ilham Aliyev uye Mutungamiri Nikol Pashinyan, pamwe nekudziya hukama pakati Armenia uye Türkiye, ratidza pesvedzero iri kukura. Maererano ne Euronews, Armenia neAzerbaijan dziri kuswedera pedyo nerugare, kuchinja ndiko kusundira Russia kubva kuSouth Caucasus.

Azerbaijan yakawanawo rutsigiro rwakasimba kubva Economic Cooperation Organisation (ECO) nyika dzenhengo. On July 4, 2025, ivo 17th ECO Summit yakaitwa mukati Khankendi, Azerbaijan, pasi pedingindira "Chiratidzo chitsva cheECO cheRamangwana Rakasimba uye Rinogadzirisa Mamiriro ekunze." Vatungamiri kubva Türkiye, Iran, Pakistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, uye Tajikisitani vakaungana kuratidza kutsigira kwepamusoro kwezvematongerwo enyika kuAzerbaijan.

Musangano uyu wakaratidza basa reAzerbaijan sea zambuko pakati peEurope neAsia, uye semudiwa akakosha we Nyika dzeCentral Asia, Pakisitani, uye Vashandi veEurope. Chiitiko ichi chakaratidzawo hutungamiriri hweAzerbaijan mu green green, kubatanidzwa kwedunhu, uye kubatanidzwa kwehupfumi.

In mhedziso, kushanya kuchangobva kuitwa kweMutungamiri Mirziyoyev naSachigaro Berdimuhamedov kuBaku muna Chikunguru kunosimbisa kufarira kuri kuwedzera kweAzerbaijan mukuwedzera hukama nenyika dzinotaura Turkic dzeCentral Asia, dzakadai seTurkmenistan neUzbekistan. Zvisungo izvi zvinoratidza chinangwa cheAzerbaijan chekusimbisa kudyidzana mukati menyika yeTurkic uye nenyika dzeCentral Asia, kunyanya mumamiriro ekugadzira Middle Corridor. Sezvo nyika dzakavharirwa nyika dzakatarisana nematambudziko ezvehupfumi uye zvehupfumi, Azerbaijan iri kuzvimisa seyakakosha yekufambisa uye yekubatanidza hub, ichikurudzira mubatanidzwa wedunhu uye kusimba. Sezvo yave nyika ine simba redhipatimendi, iri kuita kuti izwi rayo rinzwike pasi rose nenzira yakanaka, sezvinoratidzwa nehukuru hwebudiriro yeZangezur corridor, yakatangwa neAzerbaijan.

Munzvimbo ino yekudzoreredza, iyo Zangezur Corridor yakawana kuoneka sechinhu chakakosha chisipo chinongedzo muMiddle Corridor, inozivikanwa seTrans-Caspian International Transport Route (TITR). Iyi nzira yepasi pevhu inobatanidza China neCentral Asia neEurope, ichipfuura nharaunda yeRussia neIran. Chikamu cheZangezur, nekubatanidza Azerbaijan neNakhchivan neTürkiye, chaizofambisa kuwirirana mhiri kweCaspian Sea, South Caucasus, neAnatolia, akanyora Guliyev, V. (2025, Nyamavhuvhu 5).

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