Azerbaijan iri kushamisika kuti chii chakaitika kune zvikomborero zverugare?

Apo Egypt neIsrael zvakaenda kurunyararo muna 1979 pakanga paine mabhenefiti anobatika kumativi ese, kunyanya ekutanga. Egypt yakawana rubatsiro rwakakura kubva kuUS, inosvika madhora mabhiriyoni 1.3 murubatsiro rwemauto eU. Kubva 250, Egypt yawana mabhiriyoni makumi matanhatu nemapfumbamwe emadhora zvichienzaniswa nemabhiriyoni makumi mapfumbamwe nemasere emadhora kuIsrael, vachiva ivo vaviri vakanyanya kugamuchira rubatsiro rweUS kune dzimwe nyika, anonyora Taras Kuzio.

Kutevera Chibvumirano cheGood Friday cha1997 chakagumisa makore makumi matatu ehugandanga, Northern Ireland neRepublic of Ireland vakawana. akawanda mabhenefiti. Mugove werunyararo wakaunza Northern Ireland neIreland mazinga epamusoro emari yekunze uye rubatsiro rwekunze. Muma1990 nema2000, Ireland yakazozivikanwa senyika 'Celtic Tiger' sezvo hupfumi hwakakura uye veIrish vakatanga kutamirazve kunyika kubva kuUS nekumwewo.

Runyararo runofanira kuunza pundutso kunyika dziri muchikamu cherunyararo pamwe nerutsigiro rwakakura rwekune dzimwe nyika kubva kunyika dzakatsigira nhaurirano uye kudzikira kwemakakatanwa nekunetsana. Sei izvi zvisina kuitika muSouth Caucasus?

Kubva pakupera kweHondo yechipiri yeKarabakh muna 2020, Armenia neAzerbaijan dzanga dzichienda kurunyararo. Dunhu rekupedzisira reAzerbaijan pasi pekugara kweArmenian rakadzoserwa muna Autumn 2023.

Zvakakodzera kuti titaure kuti kunetsana uku ndiko kwakanyanya kudeura ropa kwakaitika panguva yekuparara kweSoviet Union, kwakatora makore matanhatu kubva 1988-1994. Zvikamu zvitatu kubva muzvina zvemamiriyoni eAzerbaijan uye chikamu chimwe muzvina chemiriyoni yeArmenia zvakamanikidzwa kusiya nyika dzose dziri mbiri. Makumi ezviuru zvevagari vemuAzerbaijani nevePOWs vakanyangarika, vachifungidzirwa kuti vakaurayiwa zvisiri pamutemo nemauto eArmenian nationalist.

Kutora kweArmenia kwechikamu chechishanu chenharaunda yeAzerbaijani akaparadza chivako chimwe nechimwe. Zvivakwa zvechitendero, zvetsika, zvekutonga, zvedzidzo, uye zvematongerwo enyika uye infra structure zvakaparadzwa zvine hurongwa. Makumi ezviuru zvemigodhi akateyiwa. Azerbaijan - seUkraine - ndidzo nyika mbiri dzine migodhi yakawanda pasi rose. Kukuvadzwa kwemhoteredzo munyika dzose dziri mbiri kwakakura.

The EU yakangopa rubatsiro rwehupfumi uye nemari kuArmenia, iyo nyika isina kutambura nekugara kune dzimwe nyika. Sechikamu cheEU-Armenia Partnership Agenda, EU ichapa 270 mamiriyoni eEuro Resilience uye Growth Plan yeArmenia muna 2024-2027 kuti ivandudze kusimba kwemagariro nehupfumi hweArmenia uye kusiyana kwekutengeserana. Mukufananidza, Tsigiro yeEU kuAzerbaijan ishoma.

Pashure peanodokusvika makore makumi matatu ekurukurirano dzakakundikana neOSCE (Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe), hondo yechipiri yeKarabakh yakatanga iyo yakatora mazuva 44 ne7,000 zvikurukuru vakakuvadzwa muhondo. Vakakuvara vevagari vemo vaive vashoma kudarika mukupera kwema1980-kutanga 1990s nemazana maviri evaAzerbaijani vakaurayiwa kubva mukurwiswa nemaroketi.

Mabhenefiti anofanirwa kuwanikwa kumativi ese emakakatanwa akatsigira vanoita runyararo - Armenia neAzerbaijan. Izvi hazvina kuitika nekuti divi rimwe chete - Armenia - rine masimba masimba muUS neFrance. US yakaramba ichitevedzera mitemo inopokana neAzerbaijan nematare gumi nematanhatu emutemo achipokana neAzerbaijan akaunzwa muUS Congress mugore rapfuura chete.

Muna October 1992, Congress yeUnited States yakagamuchira Mutemo Wekutsigira Rusununguko uyo waipa mari, unyanzvi, uye dzimwe nzira dzokuyamura 'kutsigira rusununguko uye misika yakazaruka munyika dzakazvimirira dzeyaimbova Soviet Union.' Chikamu 907 akarambidza kupa rubatsiro rweUS 'kuHurumende yeAzerbaijan kusvika Mutungamiriri aronga . . . kuti Hurumende yeAzerbaijan iri kutora matanho anooneka kumisa kuvharika kwose uye kumwe kushandiswa kwechisimba kunogumbura kurwisa Armenia neNagorno-Karabakh.'

Armenia panguva yekudzikwa kwemutemo uyu yakanga yatora chikamu chechishanu chenharaunda yeAzerbaijan. Azerbaijan ndiyo yega yaimbova Soviet republic yegumi neshanu iyo US yakashandisa Chikamu 907.

Chikamu 907 chakaregererwa mushure mekurwisa kwemagandanga kwa9/11. Azerbaijan, iyo nyika yeMuslim isingaite pasi rose, yakazvipira kushanda pamwe neUS muHondo Yenyika Yese yeKutyisa. Azerbaijan iri munzira yekubhururuka kuenda kuAfghanistan uko mauto eNATO aive akavakirwa kubva 2003-2021.

Muna 2001, dare reSeneti rekuAmerica rakatambira kuvandudzwa kwemutemo wa1992 waizobvumira Mutungamiriri weAmerica kuti abvise Chikamu 907 kubva mugore raitevera. Chikamu 907 chakaregererwa kusvika 2023. Azerbaijan yakanga isingachadiwi neNATO neUS mushure mekubviswa kwemhirizhonga kwemauto eUS muZhizha 2021 uye kutorwa kwenyika neTaliban. Chikamu 907 chakange chisisaregererwe sekutsiva Azerbaijan yekutora nzvimbo yayo inozivikanwa pasi rose muhondo mbiri pfupi n 2020 uye 2023 dzanga dziri pasi pekugara kweArmenia.

Panyaya yemusimboti uye mutemo wepasi rose, kuita kweUS kwaishamisa, kutaura zvishoma. Mutungamiri Joe Biden aive mutungamiri weUkraine Defence Contact Group (UDCG) yaitumira midziyo yemauto kuUkraine kudzivirira kutendeka kwayo. UDCG (inozivikanwawo seboka reRamstein) yakabatanidza nyika makumi mashanu nenomwe, kusanganisira 57 NATO neEU nhengo nedzimwe nyika makumi maviri neshanu.

IUS, zvinoita sekunge, inoteedzera iyo yakawanda-vector mutemo wekutsigira nharaunda kuperera muUkraine uye ichipokana nemusimboti uyu muAzerbaijan. Washington haisati yanzwisisa kuti Global South yakadyiswa neUS, uye neWestern in general, duplicity kumagakava. Iyo inopokana nzira yeUS yekutsigira Christian Ukraine uye inopikisa Muslim Azerbaijan inowedzera kune yakatodzika yakadzama yehunyengeri hwekuMadokero kumhosva dzehondo: kupa mhosva idzo dzakaitwa neRussia muUkraine nekudzisiya kana dzaitwa neIsrael.

US duplicity inoitwa zvese zvisingazivikanwe kana isu tikatora chokwadi chekuti Azerbaijan neIsrael vakatevera makumi maviri emakore ekubatana kwekuchengetedza mune zvekuchengetedza. Nyika mbiri idzi dzinoona Iran sekutyisidzira kuripo kune kuchengetedzeka kwenyika. IUS ndiyo shamwari yepedyo yeIsrael yekune dzimwe nyika uye panguva imwechete inovenga Azerbaijan, imwe yevadyidzani vepedyo veIsrael.

Gwaro reUS rakananga kuSouth Caucasus rinoda kugadziriswa, kana mushoko rekubata reGorbachev perestroika. Chikamu 907 chinofanirwa kurohwa kubva mumutemo wa1992, nekudaro hachichadi kuti vatungamiri veUS vasiye. IUS - neEurope - dzinofanirwa kutsigira kuyananisa uye kufamba kweArmenia neAzerbaijan kuenda kurunyararo kuburikidza nemauto, chengetedzo, uye rubatsiro rwehupfumi. EU iri kutofamba munzira iyi nekuwedzera kupinza kwayo simba reAzerbaijani, imwe yedzimwe nzira dzakati wandei kune simba reRussia iro maEuropean akamisa kupinza kunze kwenyika mushure mekupinda kweRussia muna 2022 kwakazara kweUkraine.

Sezvichangobva kupera COP (UN Climate Change) musangano muBaku zvakaratidza, Azerbaijan iri kutotamba basa rinokosha semudiwa wepanyama weWest. Iyo template yekuti US inofanira kusvika sei mativi ese kuhurongwa hwerunyararo muSouth Caucasus inofanira kunge iri nzira dzerunyararo dzeIsrael-Egyptian neNorthern Ireland. Kuburikidza nekutora nzira iyi chete ndipo paizokwanisa Washington kupikisa mhosva dze 'hunyengeri' kubva kuGlobal South.

Taras Kuzio ndiye purofesa wesainzi yezvematongerwo enyika paNational University yeKyiv Mohyla Academy. Ndiye munyori we Fascism uye Genocide: Hondo yeRussa Kurwisa maUkraine (2023) uye mupepeti we Russian Disinformation uye Western Scholarship (2023).

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