Eneji chikamu shanduko muAzerbaijan sechinokonzeresa budiriro yeramangwana

Mazuva ano, zviwanikwa zvesimba ndeimwe yezvinhu zvakakosha zvekukura kwehupfumi, kugadzikana kwezvematongerwo enyika uye kugarisana. Kusiyanisa magetsi ekupa, kuwana mukana kumatunhu ane simba pamwe nekuona kutengeswa kwakachengeteka kwezviwanikwa zvesimba kumisika yemagetsi epasirese ndicho chimwe chezvinangwa zvakakosha zvevagadziri uye vatengi, anonyora Shahmar Hajiyev.

Nekuda kweizvi, zviwanikwa zvesimba zvakare chinhu chinokonzeresa kusimudzira hupfumi uye kugadzikana kwenharaunda yeRepublic yeAzerbaijan. Mari yemagetsi yakaita basa rakakosha mukusimudzira magariro nezvematongerwo enyika uye hupfumi hwenyika. Ichishandisa mihoro mikuru kubva kumafuta asina mafuta uye gasi rechisikigo kunze kwenyika, nyika yakagadzira mamwe matunhu ehupfumi, uye zvakanyanya kukosha, yakaisa mari yesimba muhupfumi hwevanhu.

COVID-19 kubuda uye hondo irikuenderera mberi pakati peUkraine neRussia yakakuvadzawo chikamu chesimba repasi rose. Zvichida, hupfumi hweAzerbaijan hunobvawo pamari yekutengeserana kwemasimba emagetsi, saka, kubudirira kwekugoverwa kwemari yemagetsi, kukura kwehupfumi uye kugadzikana kwehupfumi kunogara kwakakwirira pane purogiramu. Semuenzaniso, GDP chaiyo yeAzerbaijan yakawedzera ne5.6% muna 2021. Oiri uye gasi kutengeswa kunze kwenyika semugove wekutengeserana kwese kwaive kwakapoteredza 87.78%, uye chikamu chemari yemagetsi muGDP yakanga yakaenzana ne35%. Uyezve, maererano kuna Minister weEconomy Mikayil Jabbarov- "nekuda kwekushandiswa kwakanaka kwemaindasitiri ayo anogona kuita, kugadzirwa kwezvigadzirwa zveindasitiri mune isiri-oiri uye gasi indasitiri yakawedzera ne20.8% mumwedzi miviri yekutanga ye2022 zvichienzaniswa nenguva yakafanana gore rakapera".

Parizvino, mutemo wesimba weAzerbaijan une chinangwa chekuvandudza chikamu chesimba, kugadzirisa zviridzwa zvemitemo uye hurongwa hwekutonga kukurumidza kushandura musika wesimba. Panyaya iyi, chinangwa chikuru chemaitiro emagetsi eAzerbaijan ndechekukwidziridza chikamu chesimba uye kupa yakavimbika simba rekupa system. Izvo zvinofanirwa kusimbiswa kuti zviri kuitika mumisika yemagetsi epasi rose, kunyanya ramangwana regasi rechisikigo mukuyedza decarbonization yeEurope, zvichakanganisa hukama hwesimba reAzerbaijan nevadyidzani vayo.

Zvinokosha kuziva kuti Azerbaijan yakatotanga shanduko musimba rayo rekuvandudza kuchengetedzwa kwekugovera uye kunaka kwezvigadzirwa zvepetroleum munyika. Ikozvino, imwe yekudyara kukuru iri kuitwa mukuvandudza uye kuvakazve mabasa eHeydar Aliyev Baku Oil Refinery, inova ndiyo huru yekunatsa mafuta muBaku. The chinonatsa iri kugadzira magiredhi makumi maviri nerimwe kubva pa21 eAzerbaijan crude uye gumi neshanu zvigadzirwa zvepetroleum, zvinosanganisira peturu yemotokari, parafini yendege, mafuta edhiziri, mafuta matema, petroleum coke, nezvimwe. Kukura kwechigadzirwa chepetroleum kuri kufambiswa zvakanyanya nekukura mumatunhu ekuvaka neekufambisa enyika. Naizvozvo, yemazuva ano ye nzvimbo yokuchenesa ine chinangwa chekuwedzera kugadzirwa kwechirimwa kubva pamamiriyoni matanhatu kusvika pamamiriyoni manomwe neshanu pagore, pamwe nekuzadzisa kudiwa kuri kukura, kugadzira mafuta ekufambisa emotokari eEuro 6, kuwedzera mukana wekutengesa kunze kwenyika, uye kuderedza kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza. Kuvandudzwa kwemhando yezvigadzirwa zvepetroleum kwakakosha zvakanyanya kubva pakugadzira-parutivi uye kudiwa-kudivi nekuti inova nechokwadi chekuchengetedzwa kwekuwanikwa munyika.

Chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zvekuchinja kwesimba reAzerbaijan zvakare kusimudzira kwegirinhi simba. Mumakore achangopfuura, nyika yakatanga budiriro yakadzikama muchikamu chesimba kuburikidza nekugadzirwa kwenzvimbo dzakasvibirira dzemagetsi uye zvishoma nezvishoma maitiro e decarbonization. Izvo zvinofanirwa kusimbiswa kuti kugadzirwa kwesimba rinodzokororwa muAzerbaijan kune chinangwa chekutsigira remangwana resimba rakasimba nekugadzira mamwe magetsi kubva kune anovandudza simba masosi. Kuita uku kuchave chinangwa chakakosha kudzikisa kushandiswa kwegasi rechisikigo mukugadzira magetsi. Muna 2021 magetsi inogadzirwa kubva kusimba rinogonekazve rinoita 5.8 muzana yehuwandu hwekugadzirwa. Kuwedzera mugove wezvinovandudzwa mukugadzirwa kwemagetsi kuchaderedzawo kuburitswa kwegasi regreenhouse munyika. Nguva pfupi yadarika, mapurojekiti maviri akakosha emagetsi anogona kudzokororwa akasainwa neSaudi Arabia's ACWA Power uye United Arab Emirates' (UAE) Masdar simba makambani. Chigadzirwa chemagetsi ezuva che230 MW chichavakwa neMasdar ne240 MW Khizi-Absheron Wind Power Plant chichavakwa neACWA Power chichatsigira remangwana resimba renyika. Sekureva kweGurukota reMagetsi Parviz Shahbazov "shanduko yeAzerbaijan kuita nyika ye "girinhi kukura" kuburikidza nekushandiswa kwakawanda kwesimba rinowanikwazve mukati memakore gumi anotevera kwakatsanangurwa neMutungamiri Ilham Aliyev sechimwe chezvakakosha munyika izvo zvinozoita kuti magariro evanhu avepo. -kuvandudzwa kwehupfumi. Iyo solar power plant ichavakwa mumatunhu eBaku neAbsheron ichagadzira anenge 500 miriyoni kWh yemagetsi pagore, kuchengetedza 110 miriyoni cubic metres egasi rechisikigo, kuderedza kuburitsa kabhoni ne200,000 matani, kugadzira mabasa matsva uye kukwezva vamwe vanoisa mari kumapurojekiti matsva ". Mapurojekiti maviri aya achaita basa rakakosha mukuwedzera chikamu chesimba remagetsi rinowanikwazve munyika kusvika pazvikamu makumi matatu kubva muzana panosvika gore ra30.

Zvakare, Azerbaijan iri kushanda nesimba muzvirongwa zvekugadzira "green energy zones" muKarabakh. Mushure mekusunungurwa kweKarabakh mushure mehondo yemazuva makumi mana nemana, Mutungamiri Ilham Aliyev akazivisa nzvimbo dzehupfumi dzeKarabakh neEast Zangezur nzvimbo ine simba rakasvibira. Pfungwa iyi ndeyekuvandudza simba rinogoneka redunhu iro rinozopa magetsi kune "akangwara maguta nemisha" iyo Azerbaijan iri kuvaka munzvimbo dzayo dzakasunungurwa. Zvese zvataurwa pamusoro apa zvinoratidza kuti Azerbaijan inovavarira kugadzira musana weiyo simba rekupa system. Izvi zvichawedzera magetsi ekutengesa kunze kwenyika mune ramangwana, sezvo Azerbaijan ine chinangwa chekutumira magetsi kuEurope kuburikidza ne "Green Energy Corridor".

Chekupedzisira, hurumende yeAzerbaijan yatanga hurongwa hwekuvandudza iyo State Oil Company yeAzerbaijan Republic inonyanya kuzivikanwa seSOCAR. Iyo kambani inoita basa rakakosha muhupenyu hwemagariro nehupfumi hwenyika uye yakapinda muzvirongwa zvese zvesimba zvakasainwa nehurumende yeAzerbaijani nevadyidzani vekunze. Musi waNdira 23, 2021, Mutungamiri Ilham Aliyev vakasaina chirevo "Pamatanho ekuvandudza manejimendi eHurumende Oiri Kambani yeRepublic yeAzerbaijan". Zvinoenderana nemutemo wekuita dhairekitori uye kutungamira kwekushanda kweSOCAR, kumisa Supervisory Council yeSOCAR. The Supervisory Board ine nhengo nomwe, kusanganisira Sachigaro anogadzwa uye akadzingwa neMutungamiri weRepublic of Azerbaijan. SOCAR Supervisory Board inotenderwa, pakati pezvimwe, kubvumidza chirongwa cheKambani chenguva refu chekusimudzira, pamwe nemitengo nemari yekufungidzira, uye kuongorora mashandisirwo ayo. Zvakakodzera kutaura zvakare kuti aimbove mutungamiri weSOCAR anobuda, Rovnag Abdullayev akasarudzwa semutevedzeri wegurukota rezvehupfumi neMutungamiri Ilham Aliyev, uye Rovshan Najaf akagadzwa semutevedzeri wegurukota rezvehupfumi. mutevedzeri wemutungamiri wekutanga yekambani. Kusvika pakugadzwa kweMutungamiriri weSOCAR, kuita kwechinguvana kwemabasa ake kunopihwa Mutevedzeri Wekutanga. Mutungamiri Ilham Aliyev akabata nezve shanduko muSOCAR paaitaura hurukuro yake pamusangano wepasi rose wakanzi "South Caucasus: Kubudirira uye Kubatana”. Mutungamiri Ilham Aliyev akasimbisa kuti "pasi pehutungamiri hutsva, SOCAR inozopedzisira yave kambani yepasi rose yemagetsi.

Kupfupisa, Azerbaijan yakatanga shanduko dzakakosha muchikamu chayo chesimba kusangana nematambudziko uye kutsigira remangwana resimba rakasimba. Zvichakadaro, kuongorora kwakasiyana kunoratidza kuti gasi rechisikigo richaita basa rakakosha munguva yekuchinja, saka shanduko dzese muchikamu chesimba reAzerbaijan dzichawedzera huwandu hwekutengesa kunze kwenyika mune ramangwana. Zvakare, Azerbaijan inogona kuita basa rakakosha se "simba hub" mudunhu nekuendesa kunze Caspian simba zviwanikwa kumisika yemagetsi yekuMadokero. Pamusoro pezvo, nekutsigira masosi emagetsi anogona kudzokororwa, Azerbaijan ichadzikamisa zvakabudirira kushandiswa kwegasi rechisikigo uye rinowanikwazve mukugadzira magetsi. Izvi zvichagadzira mikana mitsva yekugadzira magetsi uye kutengesa kunze kwenyika. Nenguva pfupi, zviwanikwa zvesimba zvicharamba zvichigadzira zvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika zveAzerbaijan, saka, shanduko dzese dzehurongwa nehurongwa, pamwe nehunyanzvi hwakakosha kuchikamu chesimba renyika mumakumi emakore anotevera.

Shahmar Hajiyev inyanzvi inotungamira paCentre of Analysis of International Relations.

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