Kubva mumumvuri weSemipalatinsk, Tokayev anokurudzira masimba enyukireya kuti adzokere patafura yekutaurirana

Makore makumi matatu nemashanu mushure mekunge Kazakhstan yavhara imwe yenzvimbo dzinozivikanwa zvikuru dzekuyedza zvombo zvenyukireya munhoroondo, Mutungamiriri wenyika Kassym-Jomart Tokayev akashandisa chiitiko ichi kupa meseji yakananga kumasimba enyukireya epasi rose: kutangazve hurukuro, kusimbisa kudzora zvombo uye kuona kuti kuyedza zvombo zvenyukireya hakuzodzoki.

Panguva iyo hurongwa hwekuchengetedza hwepasi rose huri kumanikidzwa zvakanyanya uye zvimwe zvezvibvumirano zvakabatsira kudzora makwikwi enyukireya mushure mekunge Hondo Yemashoko yadzikira, Kazakhstan iri kutsvaga kushandura nhoroondo yayo yenyukireya inoshungurudza kuita nharo itsva yezvematongerwo enyika yekubvisa zvombo.

Achicherechedza Zuva Renyika Dzese Rinopesana Nekuyedzwa Kwenyukireya musi wa29 Nyamavhuvhu, Tokayev akakumbira nyika dzine zvombo zvenyukireya kuti dzidzokere kuhurukuro uye akakurudzira kutanga kushanda kwechibvumirano cheComprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty, kana kuti CTBT.

"Chinzvimbo chenyika yedu semumwe wevatungamiriri vesangano repasi rose rekurwisa zvombo zvenyukireya hachina kuchinja," akadaro Tokayev, sekureva kwehurumende yeKazakhstan.

Akakumbira kuti pave nekutaurirana pakati penyika dzine simba renyukireya uye "chiito chakakosha chenyika dzakawanda chekubvisa njodzi yekushandiswa kwezvombo zvenyukireya".

KuKazakhstan, zuva iri rine kukosha kukuru kupfuura zviratidzo zvediplomasi.

Musi wa29 Nyamavhuvhu 1991, nzvimbo yekuyedza zvombo zvenyukireya yeSemipalatinsk kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweKazakhstan yakavharwa. Yaive nzvimbo huru yekuyedza zvombo zvenyukireya yeSoviet Union uye nzvimbo yacho Kuedzwa kwenyukireya mazana mana nemakumi mashanu nematanhatu pakati pa1949 na1989, kusanganisira kuputika kwemhepo nepasi pevhu.

Migumisiro yacho yakapararira kure kupfuura nzvimbo yekuyedza. Sangano reUnited Nations rakafungidzira kuti zvinenge Vanhu mamiriyoni 1.5 vakakanganiswa nekuyedzwa kwenyukireya, nepo nzvimbo dzakakura dzakanga dzakasvibiswa nemwaranzi.

Nhoroondo iyoyo inopa Kazakhstan izwi rakasiyana muhurukuro yepasi rose yenyukireya.

Tokayev akatsanangura kuvharwa kweSemipalatinsk senyevero inofanira kuramba ichipararira pasi rose.

"Makore makumi matatu nemashanu gare gare, zuva iri richashanda sechiyeuchidzo kuvanhu vese nezvemigumisiro inosuruvarisa yekuedzwa kwenyukireya uye sechikumbiro chekudzivirira kuti zvisazomboitika zvakare," akadaro.

Nyika yakasiya zvombo zvenyukireya

Nhaurirano yeKazakhstan inosimbiswa nechimwe chitsauko chinoshamisa chenhoroondo yayo yemazuva eSoviet.

Soviet Union payakawa, Kazakhstan yakazviwana iine zvombo zvenyukireya zvakawanda munharaunda yayo. Pane kuramba iine simba rayo, nyika itsva iyi yakasarudza kusiya zvombo izvi ndokuzvisimbisa pasi rose senyika isiri yenyukireya.

Tokayev akatsanangura chisarudzo ichocho sechisarudzo chakaitwa nemaune chekuchengetedza rugare nekuchengetedzwa kwenguva refu.

"Nekuzvidira kuramba zvombo zvenyukireya zvechina pakukura pasi rose, Kazakhstan yakaita sarudzo yenhoroondo ichitsigira rugare, kuchengetedzeka uye budiriro inogara kwenguva refu," akadaro.

Yakazopedzisira yaita kuti kusapararira kwenyukireya kuve chimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kukosha muhurongwa hwayo hwekunze.

Kazakhstan yaivewo nebasa rekukurudzira kuumbwa kwe Zuva reInternational Day against Nuclear Tests, chirongwa chakatsigirwa neUN General Assembly. Kuchengetwa kwekutanga kwenyika dzese kwakaitika muna 2010.

Nhoroondo iyi inokosha nekuti kukwezva kwaTokayev kunouya panguva ino isingazivikanwe yekudzora zvombo zvenyukireya.

Chibvumirano chisina kupera

Chibvumirano Chakazara Chekurambidza Kuedzwa kweNyukireya chakavhurwa kuti chisainwe muna 1996 nechinangwa chiri nyore asi chakadzama: kurambidza kuputika kwekuyedzwa kwenyukireya chero kupi zvako pasi rose.

Zvisinei, makore makumi matatu gare gare, chibvumirano ichi hachisati chatanga kushanda zviri pamutemo.

Parizvino CTBT ine 188 vakasaina uye 179 ratidzo, zvichiratidza rutsigiro rukuru rwepasi rose. Asi zvirimo zvinoda kuti chibvumirano ichi chisimbiswe neboka renyika makumi mana nemana dzine tekinoroji yenyukireya apo chibvumirano ichi chakatanga kutaurirana chisati chave chisungo chepamutemo.

Mapfumbamwe ematunhu iwayo haasati abvumidza: China, Egypt, India, Iran, Israel, North Korea, Pakistan, Russia neUnited States.

India, North Korea nePakistan hadzina kusaina chibvumirano ichi.

Russia yakanga yabvumidza chibvumirano ichi asi yakadzima chibvumirano ichi muna Mbudzi 2023. China neUnited States dzakasaina chibvumirano ichi muna 1996 asi hadzina kumbobvira dzapedza chibvumirano ichi.

Chibvumirano ichi chinomiririra imwe yemitemo yepasi rose yakabudirira zvikuru munguva yeHondo Yemashoko.

Kuyedzwa kwenyukireya kunopfuura 2,000 kwakaitwa mumakore makumi mashanu CTBT isati yavhurwa kuti isaine chibvumirano. Kubva muna 1996, kuyedzwa kwenyukireya kwakaitika kagumi chete, zvichienderana neComprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization, uye North Korea ndiyo yega nyika yakaita kuyedzwa kwenyukireya mukati mezana remakore rechi21.

Saka yambiro yaTokayev inodzivirirawo hurongwa hwakabudirira zvikuru mukudzivisa kuyedzwa kwenyukireya — asi hwaro hwayo hwepamutemo huchiri husina kukwana.

Zvombo zvenyukireya nesimba renyukireya hazvisi gakava rakafanana

Pane chimwe chinhu chakakosha padanho reKazakhstan.

Kupikisa kwaTokayev zvombo zvenyukireya hakurevi kupikisa tekinoroji yenyukireya.

Kusiyana neizvi, Kazakhstan yava kufambira mberi nekusimudzira simba renyukireya revanhuwo zvavo. Tokayev akasimbisa kuti simba renyukireya rinofanira kushandiswa "nezvinangwa zvine rugare uye zvinovaka chete", achiratidza kuti kusimudzira zvombo zvenyukireya kwevanhuwo zvavo kunoenderana nepfungwa dzenyika dzekurwisa zvombo zvenyukireya.

Kusiyana uku kune kukosha kwakanyanya kuEurope.

Kazakhstan yatova chikamu chakakosha chehurongwa hwesimba renyukireya muEurope. Sekureva kweEuratom Supply Agency, Kazakhstan yakapa 20.31% yeuranium yechisikigo yakaendeswa kumakambani eEU muna 2025, zvichiita kuti ive nzvimbo yechipiri pakukura muEU mushure meCanada.

Kubatana uku kwakawedzera kukosha mune zvematongerwo enyika panguva yekushanya kwaTokayev kuBrussels muna Chikumi.

Mushure memisangano neMutungamiri weEuropean Council António Costa neMutungamiri weEuropean Commission Ursula von der Leyen musi wa23 Chikumi 2026, EU neKazakhstan vakanyatsoona kuchengetedzeka kwesimba senzvimbo yekushandira pamwe kwakasimba.

Chirevo chavo chakabatana chakacherechedza Kazakhstan semutengesi akakosha wemafuta neuranium kuEurope uye chakaratidza mukana wekuwedzera kushandira pamwe mune simba rinogona kuvandudzwa uye simba renyukireya revanhu.

Izvi zvinoisa Kazakhstan munzvimbo isina kujairika.

Panguva imwe cheteyo ndeimwe yevatsigiri vakakurumbira pasi rose vekubvisa zvombo zvenyukireya uye imwe yevatengesi vakakosha vezvinhu zvinoshandiswa nesimba renyukireya revanhuwo zvavo.

Pane kuona pfungwa idzodzo sedzinopesana, mutemo waAstana uri kuwedzera kuvakirwa pakusiyanisa zvakanyanya pakati pekushandiswa kwetekinoroji yeatomu inoparadza uye ine rugare.

Europe ine chikamu munharo iyi

KuEuropean Union, kupindira kwaTokayev hakusi meseji isina kujeka kubva kunyika iri kure yeCentral Asia.

Kazakhstan yave kukosha zvakanyanya mukuedza kweEurope kusiyanisa simba remagetsi nezvinhu zvekushandisa zvine chekuita nehupfumi, kunyanya sezvo Brussels iri kuedza kuderedza kutsamira panjodzi.

Hukama hweEU neKazakhstan hwawedzerawo kupfuura simba remagetsi.

Munguva yekushanya kwaTokayev kuBrussels muna Chikumi, vatungamiriri vekuEurope neKazakhstan vakabvumirana kusimbisa hukama hwavo muzvinhu zvakakosha, kutakura, kushandura hunyanzvi hwavo hwedhijitari uye matekinoroji ari kubuda. Vakasimbisawo kuzvipira kwavo kusimbisa hurongwa hwepasi rose hwekudzora zvombo nekudzivirira kupararira kwezvombo.

Nzvimbo yeKazakhstan mune zvezvematongerwo enyika inowedzera chimwe chinhu.

Inoganhurana neRussia uye imwe neChina, ukuwo ichivandudza hukama hwezvematongerwo enyika nehupfumi neEuropean Union uye ichichengetedza hukama neUnited States nedzimwe nyika dzekumadokero.

Izvi zvinoita kuti Astana ive imwe yehurumende shoma dzinokwanisa kuchengetedza hurukuro dzine musoro pakati pemapoka ezvematongerwo enyika ari kuramba achipatsanurana.

Munguva iyo kutaurirana pakati penyika huru kwave kwakaoma, izvo zvinogona kuita kuti basa reKazakhstan rezvekudyidzana nedzimwe nyika riwedzere kukosha.

Yambiro yakanyorwa pamusoro penzvimbo

Matongo eSemipalatinsk achiri chiyeuchidzo chakajeka chezvaimborehwa nemakwikwi ezvombo zvenyukireya.

Pakati pa1949 na1989, kuputika kwakaenzana nezviuru zvemabhomba eHiroshima kwakaputitswa panzvimbo iyi, sekureva kweUN. Nharaunda dzakapoteredza nzvimbo yekuyedza dzakasangana nemwaranzi ine njodzi kuhutano nenharaunda kwenguva refu mushure mekuputika kwekupedzisira.

Kazakhstan yakatsvaga kushandura nhaka iyoyo kubva pakubatwa zvisina kunaka kuita yekuronga zvematongerwo enyika.

Kuvharwa kweSemipalatinsk kwakateverwa nekuregera zvombo zvenyukireya, Kazakhstan ikapinda muCentral Asian Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone uye kuramba ichitsigira kuderedzwa kwezvombo zvenyukireya.

Asi meseji yaTokayev yazvino ine chirevo chisingafadzi.

Kufungidzira kwezvematongerwo enyika kwakabvumira nyika kuti ibve zvishoma nezvishoma pakuedza zvombo zvenyukireya mushure meHondo Yemashoko hakugoni kungotorwa sezvinhu zvisina basa.

Chikwata cheCTBT chava nemakore makumi matatu uye chichiri kumirira kutanga kushanda. Hukama pakati penyika huru dzine zvombo zvenyukireya hwanyanya kuoma. Zvombo zvenyukireya zvave zvakare nzvimbo inoonekwa mukurwisana kwezvematongerwo enyika.

Zvichienderana neizvi, nharo yeKazakhstan ine simba risingawanzoitiki retsika.

Nyika shoma dzakambosangana nekuyedzwa kwenyukireya kupfuura Kazakhstan. Dzishoma dzakazopedzisira dzava nezvombo zvenyukireya uye dzakazvirega dzichizvidira.

Makore makumi matatu nemashanu mushure mekunge magedhi eSemipalatinsk avharwa, Tokayev ari kukumbira masimba enyukireya epasi rose kuti arangarire kuti sei akavharwa pakutanga.

Mharidzo kubva kuAstana iri nyore: Kudzivirira zvombo zvenyukireya kungave kuri chikamu chezvematongerwo enyika yepasi rose, asi kuyedzwa kwezvombo zvenyukireya hakufanirwe kudaro - uye kutaurirana pakati pemasimba ezvombo zvenyukireya kwakakosha zvikuru kana hukama huri kuipa, kwete zvishoma.

Kune Europe, iri kutarisana nehondo kumuganhu wayo wekumabvazuva ukuwo ichifungazve nezvekuchengetedzwa kwesimba uye kuzvitonga kwakasimba, ishoko rakakodzera kuteererwa.

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