Europe Inofanirwa Kuita Basa Mukumisa Iranian Illicit Finance

Sezvo nyika yakamirira mhedzisiro yechibvumirano chenyukireya cheIran chiri kutarisirwa, kukosha kwekuona kuti chibvumirano chakazara kwakakosha sezvakamboita. Kufambira mberi kusvika pakusvika pachibvumirano cheshanduro itsva ye2015 Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) pakati penharaunda dzepasi rose neIran, sezvaitarisirwa, yave ichinonoka uye ine zvakawanda. Kusanganisira mibvunzo iri kunze kwenyaya yenyukireya, sekudaidzwa sesangano remagandanga reIran's Revolutionary Guards, yanga iri imwe yenyaya dzekutanga kudzivirira kufambira mberi nekukurumidza. Zvakangodaro, kugadzirisa nyaya dzekuwedzera dzakadai kwakakosha sekugadzirisa kunetseka kwakasimudzwa nekutonga kwaObama, vagadziri vechibvumirano, icho chinokonzeresa, "njodzi yeimwe hondo kuMiddle East" - anonyora Shlomo Roiter Jesner.

Kupfuura njodzi iri pachena yekukwira kuenda kuhondo, kunetseka kukuru, sezvakasimudzwa munyaya ichangoburwa yeWall Street Journal, ndiyo network yakatsaurirwa yemari isiri pamutemo yakazvivakira iyo Iran mumakore mashoma apfuura. Ndiyo network iyi yemabhangi epachivande nemari yakagonesa Iran kuti ienderere mberi nekutengesa mumabhiriyoni, kunyangwe paine zvirango zvakazara zviripo parizvino. Iyi network yakabvumira Iran kuti ive nechokwadi chekupona kwehupfumi hwayo ichienderera mberi nenhaurirano, panguva imwe chete ichifambira mberi muchivande pachirongwa chayo chenyukireya nekugadzira chokwadi pasi. Kana isina kutariswa, iyi sisitimu inosungirwa kuita zvisina kunaka zvakafanana zuva mushure mekudzoka kuJCPOA, neEurope ine basa repakati kuita kuti izvi zvisaitike.

Kunyangwe yakaisa zvirambidzo zvakakura pakukwanisa kutengeserana neIran munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana, kubva kusimba kuenda kuinishuwarenzi, kusarudzika kwevanhu kwakaitwa. € 20 miriyoni, semuenzaniso, yakapihwa murubatsiro kuIran mukuyedza kubatsira mukurwisa denda reCovid-19. Kunyangwe zvinoyemurika, tarisiro shoma yakapihwa maringe nekwaienderwa mari, pamwe nekupa rubatsiro rwusina kukosheswa neMutungamiriri weIran Rouhani achiti, "Rubatsiro rwako inhema huru munhoroondo". Nekudaro, pachinzvimbo chekudyara mari yemutero mukukurudzira hutongi hwemhondi, kunyangwe paine tariro isingaite yekupa rubatsiro kune vagari vasina mhosva, EU inofanirwa kuisa zviwanikwa mukuvhara nzira dzeIran dzemari isiri pamutemo.

Pamusoro pezvo, neUS inotora nzira yakasarudzika yezvirango, zvirinani pasi pehutongi hwaTrump, Europe yakanetseka kumanikidza izvo zvave kuzivikanwa sechipiri zvirango. Nekudaro America yati Europe isaite bhizinesi neavo vanoita bhizinesi nemasangano akatemerwa zvirango, vachitsigira kuEurope pamusika weAmerica, Europe yanga ichizeza kuita izvi. Zvirango zvechipiri, zvakadaro, zvakakosha mukudzivirira kuvandudzwa kweiyo nzira isiri pamutemo yemari iyo Iran yanga ichigadzira kuseri kwepasirese.

Dai zvirango zvechipiri zvakadaro zvakaremekedzwa nenyika dzepasirese mukuzara kwayo, masangano nevemabhizinesi Iran yanga ichitsvaga kunzvenga zvirango zvingadai zvakasangana nedambudziko rakakura. Mumwe muenzaniso wakadai wakaonekwa mukutengeserana kwemafuta eGulf, uko Iran yakashandisa asiri ehurumende (uye nekudaro asina kupihwa mvumo) kuendesa mafuta ayo kumisika yepasirese. Izvi zvakaitika nerubatsiro rwemabhiri ekunyepa ekutakura, makambani epamberi uye vane hushamwari bhizinesi-varume. Izvi zvakanyanya kuitika kuburikidza neIraq, asi kunyangwe nyika dziri mubatanidzwa wakasimba weUS, senge UAE dzakambobatwa nemaitiro eIran.

Zvese izvi zvinonyanya kukosha kupfuura nakare kose, neshanduro nyowani yeJCPOA pakatarisana. Kana Iran ikatenderwa kuenderera mberi nekubhadhara mabasa ayo ehugandanga pasi rose, pamwe nekuvandudzwa kwezvombo zvayo zvenyukireya, kuburikidza nehurongwa uhwu husina hutarisiro hudiki kana mhedzisiro, hapana chibvumirano chichakwanisa kumisa republic yeIslam kuita sezvainoona zvakakodzera. Nevadyidzani vekuEurope, vakaita seUAE neSaudi Arabia vachityisidzirwa zvakananga neIran, Europe inofanira kutanga kuita nepainogona napo kuvhara iyi network isiri pamutemo yemari yemagandanga epasi rose.

Kutyisidzira kwapfuura nzvimbo yekufungidzira, neIran, kuburikidza nemaproxies ayo, yatove kurwisa zvakananga Saudi Arabia neUAE. Zvinorehwa neEuropean Union kuenderera mberi nekubvumidza chirongwa cheIran chemari zvisiri pamutemo, icho chinogonesa mari yemasangano emagandanga akaita seYemen Houthis akarwisa izvi achimiririra Iran, ari kure.

Izvi zvinotonyanya kukosha kana tikafunga zvinorehwa nekuenderera mberi kweIran kudzoreredza zviitiko zveRussia muUkraine. Nenetiweki yakafanana yemari isiri pamutemo yakavakwa neRussia Vladimir Putin, mutengo wekubvumidza Iran kuti ienderere mberi nekushandisa network yakadaro pamari yekuMadokero haigone kuwedzeredzwa. Nekugadzirisa zvisiri pamutemo Iranian financing network imwe kambani uye muzvinabhizinesi panguva, Europe inotumira meseji nekuisa muenzaniso wekugadzirisa network yeRussia yakaoma yevafambisi vemari vekunze vakafanana. Mushure mezvose, vanhu vanogona chete kubva pane izvo zvawavatendera kuti vasiyane nazvo.

Shlomo Roiter Jesner ndiye mutungamiri uye muvambi weCambridge Middle East neNorth Africa Forum. Ndiye zvakare CEO weLondon-based F&R Strategy Group, geopolitical consultancy pamharadzano dzezvematongerwo enyika nebhizinesi.

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