Izvo #China inogona kudzidza kubva ku #Israel

China yakawana kubudirira kukuru kwehupfumi mumakumi mashoma emakore apfuura, asi kukura kwayo kwakakura kwaivimba zvakanyanya nezviwanikwa, mari, uye vashandi vakachipa. Nekudaro, iyi modhi yekukura haichakodzeri. Pane kudiwa kwekukurumidzira kwemhando yekusimudzira yakavakirwa pahunyanzvi hwekuvandudza tekinoroji kuti irambe ichitsigira kukura mushure mekutanga kwehondo yekutengeserana yeUS-China, nyora Chen Gong uye Yu Zhongxin.

Munguva yehondo yekutengeserana, United States yakaramba ichipopotera mitemo yekudzivirira yeChina intellectual property rights (IPR), iyo yakamanikidza kuendesa tekinoroji kuti zviitike, pamwe nekupomerwa mhosva yekuba zvinhu zvehungwaru. Pamusoro pezvo, United States yakarambidzawo kutengesa kunze kwenyika zvigadzirwa zvemhando yepamusoro senge machipisi kubva kuChina mukuyedza kudzvanyirira makambani ehunyanzvi eChina.

Mumwe wemienzaniso yezvirambidzo ndeyekunyora Huawei mune yenhengo rondedzero. Pasina kupokana, maitiro ese aya akave nekukanganisa hupfumi hweChina. Kukanganisa kubva muhondo iyi yekutengeserana pahupfumi hweChina kwakaratidza kuti China haisati yawana budiriro inotungamirwa nehunyanzvi hwekuvandudza tekinoroji. Pachine mabhizinesi mashoma muChina kuti akwanise kumisa kukwikwidza kuburikidza nehunyanzvi hwekuvandudza tekinoroji. Panyaya iyi, Israel inogona kuve muenzaniso wakanaka wekuti China idzidze kubva, kunyanya kubva mumamiriro ekusimudzira hunyanzvi uye kuwedzera zviitiko zveR&D mumabhizinesi.

Nzvimbo yeIsrael inosvika 25,000 square kilometres, iyo inenge 1/400 yeChina. Kunyangwe Israeri yakakomberedzwa nehondo uye nenzvimbo yakaganhurwa nerenje nemvura, kunaka kwehunyanzvi hwavo kwakaita kuti ive imwe yenyika dzakasimukira pasi rose. Dzidzo chinhu chakakosha pabudiriro. Israel Institute of Technology, yakavambwa muna 1912, parizvino ine vadzidzi zviuru gumi nezvitatu, vangangoita mazana matanhatu mapurofesa, uye vatatu vakahwina Mubairo weNobel.

Ivo mutungamiriri wepasi rose mune zvemagetsi, zvekurapa, uye biotechnology, kunyange kuenda kusvika pakuvamba mashoma mashoma matekinoroji mundima yekurapa. Semuenzaniso, vakavaka robhoti rekuvhiya musana iro rinodhura US$ 1.6 bhiriyoni yemari yekufambisa tekinoroji, kamera yemunhu kapisi iyo yakaita kuti kuvhiyiwa kudiki kuve chokwadi, tekinoroji yehungwaru yekubatsira iyo yakabatsira mamirioni evakaremara, uye tekinoroji yekudzivirira. izvo zvinogadzira chipingamupinyi chekuchengetedza Israeri.

70% yemainjiniya eIsrael, 68% yevatangi veIsrael, uye 74% yevatungamiriri vese muIsrael indasitiri yemagetsi vakapedza kudzidza kubva kuIsrael Institute of Technology. Hazvirambiki kuti Israeri yakaita basa rakanaka mune tekinoroji yavo uye dzidzo ine huwandu hwevanhu ve8 miriyoni, uye kunyangwe zvakadaro pavanenge vakatarisana nekushaikwa kwakakomba muzviwanikwa uye vaine hupenyu hwakaoma. Tichitarisa kusimukira muIsrael, China inofanirwa kunyatso fungisisa nezvemhando yeramangwana iro nyika iri kushanda nayo.

Kunze kweizvozvo, hurumende yeIsrael yakaita mipiro yakatanhamara mukutsvaga kwesainzi. Muna 1984, paramende yeIsrael yakapasisa Mutemo weKurudziro yeIndustrial Research uye Development, inozivikanwawo seIsrael's Innovation Law. Hurumende yeIsrael yakaita zvakare nhevedzano yehunyanzvi hwakavakirwa pachiitiko ichi, icho chaisanganisira kuumba National Science Foundation, Hofisi yeMukuru Sainzi, uye Israel Export Association.

Kusimba kwehunyanzvi hwekutsvagisa kwesainzi kweIsrael kwakatanga kuratidzwa mukusimbisa kwayo patsvakiridzo yesainzi uye kudyara kwakananga mumari yesainzi neNational Science Foundation yeIsrael. Inosvika US$60 miriyoni pagore inopihwa mari yekutsvagisa sainzi, nepo 1300 mapurojekiti akapihwa green light pakati pezviuru zvemapurojekiti gore rega rega. Chirongwa chega chega chichapihwa mari isingasviki $100,000 uye nzvimbo huru dzinotsigirwa dzekutsvagisa isainzi chaiyo, sainzi yehupenyu nemishonga, vanhu uye sainzi yemagariro.

Kazhinji, zvese izvi mhedzisiro yekutsvagisa haigone kutengeswa zvakananga uye inoda kubatana kune mamwe mapato emabhizinesi.

Kana Sainzi Fund iri mari yesainzi chete, saka Hofisi yeMukuru Sainzi inodyidzana neBazi reKutengeserana, Indasitiri uye Basa reIsrael ndiwo masangano akakosha anobatanidza tekinoroji yesainzi kumusika. Hofisi yeMukuru Sainzi inogashira makumi emamiriyoni emadhora gore rega rega kutsigira kutsvagisa nekuvandudzwa kwehunyanzvi-chinangwa tekinoroji uye zvigadzirwa zvepamusoro-soro. Iyo zvakare inoshandisa yakakwira-tech incubator chirongwa chinopa rubatsiro rwemari kune vashandi vesainzi uye tekinoroji kuti vaone kubudirira kwehunyanzvi uye maindasitiri ezvigadzirwa.

Pamusoro perutsigiro rwemari, Hofisi yeMukuru Sainzi inobatsirawo makambani anotsigirwa mumisika iri kusimukira, kuti aenderere mberi nekukurudzira kushanda kwakanangana nemusika. Panguva imwecheteyo, hofisi iyi yakamisawo homwe yekudyidzana nedzimwe nyika dzekudyidzana nedzimwe nyika kuti dzipe mubatanidzwa muR&D yepasirese, kuitira kuti ive nechokwadi chebudiriro inoenderana nezvido zvepasirese.

Pamusoro pezvo, Sangano reExport iro rinodyidzana neBazi rezvekutengeserana muIsrael rakaunganidza makambani akati wandei eIsrael ane hunyanzvi hwekutengesa kunze kwenyika kuti awane ruzivo rwebhizinesi rwakakodzera kuburikidza nemamiriri eIsrael uye maconsulates kune dzimwe nyika. Ruzivo urwu runogona kubatsira kubatanidza mabhizinesi ekugadzira nemisika yekunze, uye kuronga mabhizinesi ekunze kudzivirira kukwikwidza mukati meindasitiri imwe chete.

Chinangwa cheExport Association ndechekupawo musika wakakura wepasi rose kumakambani emhando yepamusoro, pachinzvimbo chekuvapa musika wakakwana wepamba. Kutsvagisa kwesainzi kwekutanga, kurima kwekushanda kwekutengeserana, uye tsigiro yekusimudzira musika wepasirese zvakatungamira mukusimudzirwa kweindasitiri yemazuva ano yeIsrael. Kunyangwe hazvo zvisingafadze geopolitical zvinhu uye kupera kwezviwanikwa, Israel yakakwanisa kugadzira chishamiso mukusimudzira hupfumi hwavo.

VAtsvakurudzi vakawanda vanodavira kuti kubudirira kweIsraeri kwakakodzera kufungisisa. Kunyangwe China iri hupfumi hwenyika hukuru hune mamiriro akasiyana kubva kuIsrael, musimboti wekuvandudza-inotungamirwa nekukura kwehupfumi unoshanda zvakaenzana kune nyika mbiri idzi. Kare muna 1995, China yakazivisa danho rayo mukushandisa zano rekuvandudza nyika kuburikidza nehunyanzvi hwesainzi nedzidzo, uye ichokwadi kuti zvimwe zvakabuda zvakawanikwa mumakore makumi maviri apfuura. Nhamba dzakaratidza kuti China ine nhamba yakazara ye4.19million yevashandi veR&D yenyika muna 2018, iyo yakatora nzvimbo yekutanga pasi rose kwemakore matanhatu akateedzana.

Zvichakadaro, mari yekuChina yeR&D yasvika 1195.7 bhiriyoni yeyuan muna 2018, inova ka138 kakapetwa ka1991. Muna 2018, huwandu hwekunyorera patent uye mvumo muChina hwaive 4.323 miriyoni uye 2.448 miriyoni zvichiteerana, inova ka86 98. Pakupedzisira, rubatsiro rwemari yenyika rwakanga rwuri 1991bn yuan, uye yakapetwa ka8383.6 pane ye 130. Zvose izvi nhamba dzakaratidza kuti rubatsiro rwehurumende runoramba ruchiwedzera, asi harina mhedzisiro inokosha kubva pakubatanidzwa kweinnovation. uye tekinoroji muhupfumi. Kiyi yekuvandudza innovation yakabatanidzwa iri mumichina inofambisa budiriro yekuvandudza.

Nhoroondo yakakosha yeIsrael nenzvimbo yakavaita nzvimbo yenguva refu yengozi yenzvimbo, izvo zvakavamisa kutengesa nenyika dzakavakidzana. Pamusoro pemusika wavo mudiki wepamba, zvakare zvinonetsa kwavari kukwezva capital investment. Nekuda kwenzvimbo iyi yakasarudzika, vanamuzvinabhizinesi vekuIsrael vanokurudzirwa kushanda pachena kuti vakwezve mari yakawanda. Kuedza kwebudiriro muIsrael kunonyanya kutsamira pakuvandudza, uko kune imwe kambani yekutanga-yakagadzikwa kune yega 1400 vanhu paavhareji. Nhamba iyi yakanyanya kudarika nyika zhinji dzeEurope.

Zvakangodaro, kutanga kweIsrael kunowanzo kuwanikwa nemakambani makuru nekuda kwemusika wavo mudiki wepamba. Semuyenzaniso, Israel's GPS navigation software WAZE yakawanikwa neGoogle nemutengo weUS$13 bhiriyoni, uye mutungamiri wetekinoroji yemotokari dzisina munhu MOBILEYE akatorwa neIntel. Kunyangwe zvingaite sekuti kutora uku kurasikirwa kuIsrael, kutora kwakaunza mari, iyo inogona kushandiswa kugadzira makambani matsva munyika, sezvo mari ichiri mukati memiganhu yeIsrael.

Kusimbisa kwenguva refu kweIsrael paruzivo nedzidzo, pamwe nemasangano uye nzira dzinokurudzira hunyanzvi hwavaita kuti vabudirire mukusundira kwavo budiriro muhutsva hwakabatanidzwa. Ichokwadi kuti China yakagadzira hurongwa hwenyika hwekuvandudza nyika kuburikidza nesainzi nedzidzo kubva makore makumi maviri nemashanu apfuura, asi kuita chaiko kwechirongwa ichi hakuna kunyanya kushanda. Mushure memakumi emakumi emakore ekukurumidza kuguta mukusimudzira kutengeserana kuramba, isu tawana gwara munzira yekuvandudza, tekinoroji, uye yepamusoro-yekupedzisira kugadzira. Kana kudyidzana kwepasirese kuchikanganiswa zvakanyanya, China inofanirwa kugadzirisa matambudziko mumhando yekusimudzira uye kuwana kukurumidza kukura kuitira kuti imise nzira yakatarisana nemusika inokodzera hunyanzvi.

Mhedziso yekupedzisira yekuongorora

Muchidimbu, tekinoroji yesainzi uye hunyanzvi chinhu chakakosha icho China inofanirwa kutarisa mune ramangwana rebudiriro nehupfumi. Kiyi yekuvandudza chaiyo iri paruzivo rwepasi uye nzira dzinokurudzira hunyanzvi. China inofanirwa kudzidza kubva muchiitiko chakakosha cheIsrael muzvikamu izvi.

Muvambi weAnbound Funga Tank muna 1993, Chen Gong zvino ave ANBOUND Chief Researcher. Chen Gong mumwe wenyanzvi dzeChina dzine mukurumbira mukuongorora ruzivo. Zvizhinji zvezviitwa zveChen Gong zvakatanhamara zvekutsvagisa zvidzidzo zviri mukuongorora ruzivo rwehupfumi, kunyanya munzvimbo yehurongwa hweveruzhinji. 

Yu Zhongxin ane Ph.D. kubva kuSchool of Economics, Renmin University yeChina uye muongorori weAnbound Consulting, tangi yakazvimirira yekufunga ine dzimbahwe muBeijing. Yakavambwa muna 1993, Anbound inyanzvi mukutsvagisa mutemo weveruzhinji.

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