Kazakhstan kunyengera kwekufambira mberi

Makore matatu apfuura nhasi - zuva rekuzvitonga reKazakhstan - vangangoita gumi nevashanu vashandi vemafuta kumadokero kweKazakh guta reZhanaozen vaive. akaurayiwa nemauto ehurumende apo vaipikisa murunyararo mihoro yakaderera uye mamiriro ekushanda ane ngozi. Vamwe vanodarika zana vakasiiwa vakuvara zvakaipisisa, vamwe vakawanda vakavharirwa nekushungurudzwa.

Mumwe wevatungamiri vekuramwa mabasa yakatsanangurwa kumiswa nebvudzi rake, kunyadziswa pabonde uye kuiswa mapurasitiki emapurasitiki pamusoro wake. Mumwe chete akafa ari mumaoko emapurisa.

Anopfuura gore nehafu gare gare, Amnesty International lambasted hurumende yeKazakh nekuda kwekusava nemhosva kuchiri kunakidzwa nevapari vemhondi yeZhanaozen nemhosva dzine hukama pamwe nekushandiswa kweKazakhstan kurwadzisa uye dzimwe nzira dzekushungurudza vasungwa.

United States yakataura zvakare yakadzokororwa kutsoropodza yekutyorwa kwekodzero dzevanhu kwakapararira munyika yeCentral Asia - kushatirwa, hongu, ne rumbidzo kubva kuDhipatimendi reHurumende reKazakh "kufambira mberi mukugadzira mamiriro ekudyara akanaka." A 2014 State Department fact sheet anototaura kuti hudzvinyiriri hwaNursultan Nazarbayev huri kukura se "democratic ... shamwari", vachireva kuti huwandu hwerubatsiro rweUS kuKazakhstan (inodarika madhora gumi nemana muna 14) inoenda kufambisira mberi "runyararo nechengeteko."

Sezviri pachena, izvi zvinosanganisira mabasa akadai sekupa "kudzidziswa kumauto eKazakhstan ekuchengetedza runyararo" uye kugadzira "zvirongwa zvekuchengetedza uye kuchengetedza zvemidziyo yeUS." Zvinonzi pachiitiko pakuurayiwa kweZhanaozen kwaiva neAmerica-inopa Humvees.

Zviri nyore kuona kuti sei hutongi hweNazarbayev hwakakwanisa kutiza zvirango zvakakomba kunyangwe rekodhi.

Kutanga, Kazakhstan parizvino iri a nhengo yeUnited Nations Human Rights Council. Nyika yacho iri munzvimbo ine hunyanzvi uye yakazara nemasikirwo Resources, kusanganisira mafuta, gasi, marasha uye uranium. Hupfumi hwayo hwezvicherwa uye pro-corporate marongero anovimbisa zvakanyanya kuti kana zvasvika kune zvinoratidzika pro-democracy. harassment neUS, Kazakhstan haizombove muchikepe chimwe chete, toti, Cuba.

Kubatsira mukuratidzwa kwechifananidzo chenyika chakacheneswa inyaya yekuti Kazakhstan yakatevera United Arab Emirates-esque modhi yebudiriro mune yayo showcase capital yeAstana. Iyo pfungwa inoenda seizvi: Kunyanya kushamisira zvivakwa uye mall zvaunazvo munzvimbo, vashoma vanhu vanozoona hwaro hwayo hunodzvinyirira.

MuUAE nenzvimbo dzakafanana, chinosiririsa ndechekuti zvivakwa zvinovakwa nevashandi vekune dzimwe nyika vanobatwa zvisina kunaka, kazhinji mumamiriro ezvinhu. uranda hwakasungwa.

MuAstana, zvakangokodzera kuti imwe yenzvimbo dzakasarudzika dzekusagadzikana kwevashandi Abu Dhabi Plaza, chivako chine mari kuEmirati, uko kune vashandi vekuvaka vakatanga kuramwa basa kutanga kwegore rino pamusoro pemihoro yakaderera.

Set to be the kureba chivako muCentral Asia uye chiri pasi penzira kubva ku dzimahwe iyo inochengetera ruoko rwaNazarbayev mugoridhe, Abu Dhabi Plaza ichave imwe yenzvimbo dzinopenya dzicharatidzwa panguva yekugamuchira Astana. Expo 2017 - chimwe chiitiko chinorangarira nzira yeUAE yekubvisa pfungwa kubva kuzvinhu zvisingafadzi zvemumba kuburikidza nezvinoyevedza uye zvinorema zvepasirese zviratidziro.

Kana tsigiro yekuMadokero inozvirumbidza nehurumende dzese dziri mbiri chiratidzo, ifaçade iri kubhadhara.

Mufananidzo weAstana ane makore mana, asina kubvumidzwa Nazarbayev Yunivhesiti (NU) se a pre-eminent Maitiro ekuMadokero Chikoro chedzidzo uye chekutsvagisa chinoputira charade yese.

mune zvikamu zvitatu kuburitsa muna 2012, munyori wenhau dzakaitika Allen Ruff uye mutori wenhau Steve Horn vakaratidza NU semufungo wekuda kwehumambo hweUS, zvakauya "muchikamu chikuru kuburikidza nekutungamira kwechikwata chidiki chevatambi vakakosha vane hukama hwenguva refu ku [World] Bank uye. nyika yeUnited States yekuchengetedza nyika. "

Hazvina kuoma zvakanyanya kufungidzira nezvechinangwa chaicho chebhizimusi nevabereki vakadaro. NU, Ruff naHorn vakanyora kuti, “inoshanda basa repamusoro-soro mukuberekazve uye kuwedzera hurongwa huripo hwehupfumi nezvematongerwo enyika”; kana yanyatsoita basa, hurongwa uhu huchaburitsa “boka renyanzvi, vatungamiri nevakuru vakuru vari kushandira nyika ine chiremera nevadyidzani vayo vepamusha nekune dzimwe nyika.”

Pakati peNU ane mavara akaumbwa emavara ndiDennis de Tray, a nhengo yedare rematrustee uye chipangamazano kumutungamiri weyunivhesiti. Sezvakataurwa naRuff naHorn, de Tray akadzidza paYunivhesiti yeChicago pasi pekudzidziswa kweavo vari shure kwekusunungurwa kwekuvandudzwa kwemusika wekusununguka kuChile panguva yehudzvanyiriri hwaAugusto Pinochet. De Tray akazoenda kuWorld Bank kweanopfuura makore makumi maviri uye aive mutungamiriri wenyika yeIndonesia panguva yekudonha kweSuharto.

Mitambo yaDe Tray panguva yekufa kwaSuharto muna 2008 vanobatsira pakuongorora mhando yemafungiro anotsigira NU. Sezvo de Tray akazviona, Suharto's nhoroondo yekuponda kwevanhu vakawanda yakanga isinganyanyi kunetseka nokuti "zvakaipa zvaakaita - uye zvimwe zvacho zvaityisa - zvinofanira kuenzaniswa nezvakanaka, kwete nekuda kweSuharto asi nekuda kwekusimudzira." Uye kwete izvozvo zvoga: Kutonga kwaSuharto kwehutsinye uye kwakashata kwaiva “imwe yenhau huru dzebudiriro yenguva dzose.”

Iko kushandiswa kwakafanana kwechirevo chekusimudzira kupembedza kudzvinyirirwa kwenyika kunoshanda kune mamiriro muKazakhstan. Vaimbova Mutungamiriri weBritain, Tony Blair, avo zvino consults yehutongi hwehutongi hweKazakh hwekukwezva mari yekunze, akatora mutsara wakafanana paakadaro akarayira Nazarbayev pamaitiro akakodzera ekufa kwe2011 Zhanaozen: "Kunyange zvakadaro, [ivo] havafanirwe kuvhara kufambira mberi kukuru kwakaitwa neKazakhstan."

Vanhu vakaurayiwa padivi, vasina pekugara munyika uye vamwe vakakanganiswa kuwedzera kusaenzana vangangotadza kuona kufambira mberi kwaBlair chibvumirano chemamiriyoni emadhora.

Parwendo rwekuKazakhstan nguva pfupi yadarika, ndakashanyira kambasi yeNU, iyo huru atrium yayo yakamisikidzwa nemiti yemichindwe - imwe nzira isingaenderane yekushongedza yemukati, ichipihwa kazhinji kupisa kwekunze kwekunze.

Muzvinafundo wekuAmerica akabvuma kundiratidza akatanga rwendo rwake nekuongorora kuti "nzvimbo ino musha wePotemkin." (Sezvo aida rimwe gore remuhoro wemumusha wePotemkin nemabhenefiti, akakumbira kuti ndisashandise zita rake.)

Pakati pezvaakataura inyaya yekuti vadzidzi vacho havana hunhu hwakanaka — vazhinji vaaiti havanyatso ziva chiRungu, mutauro wekudzidzisa — pamwe nekusamira zvakanaka kwehuwori pachikoro ichi.

Mumwe aimboshanda naye, akadaro, akarondedzera NU se "inokatyamadza kune chero munhu asinganzwisise kuti yunivhesiti chii."

Munyika yakanaka, "yunivhesiti" yaisazove iyo yekutanga label kuuya mupfungwa yechikoro uko makambani emafuta anobatsira kunyora curriculum.

Asi kana NU iri musha wePotemkin, saka ndeimwe mukati memumusha mukuru wePotemkin weAstana. Uye kutevedzana kwematryoshka hakugumiri ipapo; mushure mezvose, kuedza kwenyika neoliberal kuvanza kusaenzana kukuru kunoita kuti ive musha wePotemkin pachawo.