Vagadziri vemitemo uye vanomiririra vanofanirwa kuteerera meseji yeOxfam

Maonero naNatalia Alonso

Sezvo vagadziri vemitemo nevamiriri vakatora nzvimbo yavo svondo rapfuura rehurukuro dzekutengeserana dzakasununguka pakati peEU neUS, makamuri emisangano anofefeterwa nemhepo yavakagovana akamira akasiyana zvakanyanya nemamiriro eavo vakanyanya kukanganiswa.

Kure kure nematafura enhaurirano dzeWashington, mamirioni avanhu pasi rese anomirira muzvipatara nenzvimbo dzehutano dzisingakwanise kupa mishonga yakakosha. Aya akanyanya kukosha matambudziko anogona kuwedzera kuipa neTransatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP), mukati memiganhu yeEurope nepasirese.

Hunhu hwehutano huripo kune vanhu muEurope hwakabatanidzwa nenhaurirano idzi. Imwe yeTTIP inonyanya kukakavara zvinhu kuisirwa kwe 'investor-state gakava rekugadzirisa' michina. Uyu mutemo une hutsinye unopa mabhizinesi ekutengesa, kusanganisira makambani emishonga, kodzero yekumhan'arira hurumende kuti dzipihwe muripo kana chero danho rehurumende rikakanganisa purofiti inotarisirwa - kukanganisa kodzero yepamutemo yenyika dzeEurope kuti dzitevedze mitemo yadzo yehutano. Zvinogona kunzwika sekufungidzira, asi kutyisidzira uku ndeyechokwadi. Nekuda kwekusashanda zviri pamutemo kwembiri dzayo patents, hofori yemishonga yekuAmerica Eli Lilly parizvino ari kutsvaga mari inosvika 350 miriyoni muripo kubva kuCanada pasi pe North American Free Trade Agreement mitemo, iyo inogonawo kushanda kune TTIP.

Shanduko dzakarongwa kumitemo yezvivakwa zvehungwaru (IP) nemirau zvakare inoisa panjodzi kuchengetedzeka uye hutano hwevagari vemuEurope nekuisa pamberi pepurofiti yemishonga pamusoro pekugona kwehurumende kupa mishonga isingadhuri. Aya matanho ehudzvanyiriri aizoita kuti mutengo wemishonga ukwire kwenguva yakareba nekumisa makwikwi uye nekupa mibairo pakurapa kunoponesa hupenyu. Chikonzero cheizvi ndechekuti kuchengetedzwa kukuru kwe monopoly kuwedzera kukosha kwematendi kunoguma nekuwedzera hunyanzvi.

Uhu hunyengeri. Kuwedzera kuchengetedzwa kwehumwe chete hakuzadzi mukaha wekuvandudzwa kwemishonga mitsva inoponesa hupenyu. Asi zvichaganhurira makwikwi egeneric, inova ndiyo yega nzira yakasimbiswa yekudzikisa mutengo wemishonga. Makambani ari kutsvaga akasimba IP mitemo kuchengetedza uye kuwedzera misika yavo, pane kukoshesa hutano hweveruzhinji zvinangwa zvinobatsira varwere.

Iyi nzira inotungamirwa nepurofiti yekutsvagisa zvekurapa inoonekwa mumashandisirwo emari gumi muzana chete emari yekutsvagisa inopedzerwa pazvirwere zvinobata 10% yehuwandu hwepasirese. Hazvishamisi kuti hakuna mushonga wezvirwere zvisina purofiti zvakaita seEbola.

Zvichakadaro, kuchengetedzwa kwe monopoly kunogadzira mitengo yakakwira yemishonga mitsva inoponesa hupenyu. Semuyenzaniso, mushonga mutsva wekurwisa hepatitis C weSovaldi unotengwa pamutengo wezvemuchadenga we €786 papiritsi - kana kupfuura €66,000 kurapwa - izvo zvinoita kuti zviome kuhurongwa hwehutano muEurope nekuUS kuwana. Mitengo yakakwirisa kudai haichasvikike kune ruzhinji rwevanhu vane mamirioni zana nemakumi mashanu vanotapukirwa vanogara munyika dzine mari yepakati nepakati, dzakaita seEgypt nePakistan.

Pane dzimwe nzira dzekudzikisa mitengo. Makwikwi eGeneric akadzikisa mutengo wemushonga weAnti-retroviral unoshandiswa kurapa HIV nezvikamu makumi mapfumbamwe nemapfumbamwe kubva muzana kusvika pa99 € chete pagore pamunhu munyika dzichiri kusimukira. Asi kubudirira kwakakosha kudai hakuchagoneki sezvo India, iyo inogadzira mishonga pasi rose, yave kuita hutongi hweIP hunoenderana zvizere neWorld Trade Organisation's Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights Agreement (TRIPS). Zvibvumirano zvekutengeserana zvemahara, zvakaita seTTIP uye chibvumirano chazvino cheEU-India, chinoita kuti mamiriro ezvinhu atonyanya kuipa sezvavanodarika kunyange TRIPS. TTIP ikozvino inotsvaga kuseta chiyero chitsva chepasi rose chekuomesera IP kuchengetedza pasirese.

Kubatana pakati penhaurirano dzeTTIP yevhiki rapfuura uye zvipatara nemakiriniki zvisina kukwana zvinogona kuratidzika kunge zvisingaite, asi kudzivirira kwakasimba kweIP uye mitemo isina kunaka yekudyara kunogona kuvharisa zvachose kuwanikwa kwevanhu mukurapwa muEurope nenyika dzichiri kusimukira. Chero zvingave zvikonzero zvinokurudzirwa kuti zvibatanidzwe mutemo wakakurisa wakadaro, vatauri veEU havafanire kutengesa kodzero yeruzhinji yezvehutano nekunyorazve mutemo kuchengetedza purofiti yemishonga.

Svondo rapfuura kutenderera kweTTIP hurukuro dzakapera neyakajairwa kuvharwa hurukuro, ichichengeta vagari murima, semazuva ese. IP zviyero uye mirau yezvigadzirwa zvemishonga icharamba iri nharaunda yekunetsekana nevaratidziri vehutano munguva pfupi iri kutevera. Mumiriri mutsva weEuropean Trade Commission Cecilia Malmström achange achitungamira nhaurirano dziri kuuya kubva kudivi reEU. Mukunzwa kwake nguva pfupi yadarika pamberi peParamende yeEuropean, akazvipira kujekesa zvakanyanya uye kutora zvine chekuita neveruzhinji zvakanyanya. Izvo zvicharamba zvichionekwa kuti achave nani pakuchengeta zvivimbiso zvake kupfuura akafanomutangira Karel De Gucht.

Kupedzisa pachinhu chakanaka, ndinoda kusimbisa kuti tinotambira danho ranezuro nehurumende dzeEU rekuita kuti TTIP yenhaurirano iite pachena, zvichitevera kumanikidza kuri kuwedzera kubva kuruzhinji mumwedzi ichangopfuura. Danho iri rinoda kuteverwa nekubuda pachena kukuru panhaurirano dziri kuenderera mberi.

Natalia Alonso ndeweOxfam Kukurudzira uye Mishandirapamwe mutevedzeri wemutungamiriri.

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