'Kururamisira Kunoramba: Chokwadi cheInternational Criminal Court'

Africa Research Center yakaburitsa Justice Rambwa: Chokwadi cheInternational Criminal Court, ongororo yemapeji mazana matanhatu negumi yeInternational Criminal Court naDr David Hoile. Bhuku rinowanikwa kuti uverenge kana download here.

Justice Rambwa: Chokwadi cheInternational Criminal Court inowana ICC, yakavambwa muna 2002 neRome Statute, isina kukodzera kuita chinangwa. Zvichemo zveICC pamusoro pehutongi hwepasi rose uye kuzvimiririra kwekutonga hazvina kukanganiswa uye zita reDare rakakuvadzwa zvisingadzivisiki nerusarura rwaro, rusaruraganda rwayo, hunyengeri, huori uye kusarurama kwakasimba mumatare. Ongororo iyi inoratidza kuti kunyange hazvo ICC ichizvipa sedare repasi rose izvi handizvo. Nhengo dzaro dzinomirira chikamu chimwe muzvina chehuwandu hwevanhu pasi rose: China, Russia, United States, India, Pakistan neIndonesia ndidzo dzimwe dzenyika dzakawanda dzasara dziri kunze kwesimba reDare.

Munyori anoratidza kuti dare rinotendeseka chete sekuzvimirira kwaro. Pane kuti rive dare rakazvimirira uye risina rusaruro, mutemo weICC pachawo unopa kodzero "dzemuchuchisi" dzekutumira uye kuendeswa kuSecurity Council - nekukanganisa nhengo dzayo shanu dzechigarire (vatatu vacho vasiri kana nhengo dzeICC). Kupindira mune zvematongerwo enyika muhurongwa hwemutemo nokudaro kwakaitwa chikamu chezvakatarwa neDare. Dare iri zvakare rakasungirirwa zvisingaite neEuropean Union iyo inopa zvinopfuura makumi matanhatu muzana emari yayo. EU ine mhosva zvakare yehutsotsi hwezvematongerwo enyika nehupfumi mukubatanidza rubatsiro kune nyika dzichiri kusimukira kunhengo yeICC. Kutaura kwokuti “Unoripira muridzi wenyere kunoshevedza mbira” kwaisagona kuva kwakakodzera zvikuru.

Justice Rambwa: Chokwadi cheInternational Criminal Court inoratidza kuti ICC yakafuratira sei kutyorwa kwekodzero dzevanhu kuEurope kana kuMadokero mumakakatanwa akadai seaya ari muAfghanistan neIraq kana kutyorwa kwekodzero dzevanhu nenyika dzekuMadokero. Somuenzaniso, muAfghanistan, imwe nhengo yeICC, yaipomerwa mhosva dzehondo nenhengo dzeICC dzakaita sekuuraya vanhu zana nemakumi maviri muKunduz munaGunyana 120, zvakatungamirwa nemukuru wemauto eGerman achityora mirairo yeNATO, hazvina kuteererwa neICC. uye nyika yeGermany. Panzvimbo pokupomera mukuru mukuru, Berlin akamusimudzira kuva mukuru. Pane kuti vatevedzere mutemo weRome Statute, veEurope vakasarudza kuti Dare ritarise Africa chete. ICC itori dare rerusaruraganda, pakuti inobata rudzi rwevanhu zvakasiyana kune mamwe ose.

Zvisinei nekugamuchira zvichemo zvinosvika zviuru zvipfumbamwe pamusoro pemhosva dzinopomerwa munyika dzinosvika zana nemakumi matatu nepfumbamwe, ICC yakasarudza kupomera vatema makumi matatu nevatanhatu vemuAfrica munyika sere dzemuAfrica. Tichifunga nezvechiitiko cheAfrica chekare chinoshungurudza nemasimba mamwe chete ekoloni ayo zvino ari kutungamira ICC, izvi zvinotyisa. ndatoona kune avo vanogara mukondinendi. ICC yakabuda zvakanyanya sechishandiso cheEuropean Foreign Policy uye zviito zvayo zviri kuramba zvichionekwa sekudzoreredzwa nenhema dzemutemo diktat. Bhuku iri rinonyorawo kuti United States, kune rumwe rutivi, yakataura zvakasimba sei kuti ICC idare rekangaroo, kukanganisa kweruramisiro yakazarurirwa kune zvematongerwe enyika uye kuti hapana mugari weAmerica achambouya pamberi payo. Hurumende yeAmerica kunyange zvakadaro inofara zvikuru, nekuda kwezvikonzero zvayo zvezvematongerwo enyika, kuda kuti vatema vemuAfrica vauye pamberi payo.

Justice Rambwa: Chokwadi cheInternational Criminal Court inoratidza kuti kutongwa kweDare kusvika pari zvino kwave kusinganzwisisike sei uko kusiri kwekunyepedzera. Vatongi varo - vamwe vavo vasati vambove magweta, tisingatauri nezvevatongi - mhedzisiro yehuwori hwekutengesa mavhoti pakati penyika dziri nhengo. Kure nekuchengetedza pfungwa dzepamutemo dzakanakisa munyika izvi zvinogadzira mediocrity. “Mutongi” mumwechete akasarudzwa akange asina dhigirii remutemo kana ruzivo rwezvemitemo asi nyika yake yakabatsira zvakanaka kubhajeti reICC. Dare rapa vafakazi avo vakazeza humbowo hwavo pavakapinda mubhokisi revafakazi, vachibvuma kuti vakadzidziswa nemasangano akazvimirira kuti vangataure zvipi zvemanyepo.

Mazana ezvimwe “zvapupu” zvakafanana zvakaramba “uchapupu” hwavo. Uye zvakare kwave nemuchuchisi mukuru weICC uyo aisangoita seasingazive nezvemutemo wekufungidzira kusava nemhosva asi akatyisidzirawo kupa mhosva mapato echitatu anogona kupokana nekufungidzira kusava nemhosva kune avo vakapomerwa mhosva - uye vasati vabatwa nemhosva. – neDare. Mhosva yakajeka yaAlice muWonderland kururamisira, pamwe nemitsara ye "mutongo wekutanga, mutongo mushure", inonetsa kuwana. Pakave nesarudzo dzakawanda dzemuchuchisi dzaifanira kunge dzakapedza kutongwa kwakaringana nekuti vangadai vakakanganisa kuvimbika kwechero nzira yemutemo. Kutongwa kwekutanga kweICC kwakaitika zvisina tsarukano nekuda kwekusazvibata kwemuchuchisi uye matare edzimhosva ekuwedzera mhosva itsva pakati penzira, danho rakazopidigurwa. Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, Dare nemuchuchisi vanga vachigadzira zvinhu sezvavari kufamba.

ICC inoti ndeye "hupfumi" uye kuunza "kururamisira nokukurumidza", asi yakadya mari inodarika bhiriyoni yeEuro uye haisati yanyatsopedza nyaya yayo yekutanga, kutongwa kwakakanganisika kwaThomas Lubanga. Zvisinei nekuvharirwa muhusungwa hweICC kubva muna 2006, kubva muna Chivabvu 2014 danho rekukwidza nyaya yaLubanga rakanga risati rapera. ICC inoti inotarisana nenjodzi asi Human Rights Watch yakashoropodza pachena kusanzwisisana kweICC kune nharaunda dzakabatwa. ICC inoti iri kurwisa kusarangwa, asi yabvuma de jure kusadzivirirwa kuUnited States uye kupihwa de chokwadi kusachengeteka uye kusarangwa kune nhengo dzeNATO nyika uye akati wandei vanotyora kodzero dzevanhu vanove shamwari dzeEuropean Union neUnited States.

Munyori webhuku akati: “Kune kure nekumisa kurwisana, sekutaura kwarinoti, kukanganiswa kwemutemo kweICC uye kutadza kwemutemo muAfrica kwakakanganisa hurongwa hwerunyararo mukondinendi yose - nokudaro zvichirebesa hondo dzevagari vemo dzinoparadza. Dare ndiro rine mhosva yerufu, kukuvara nekudzingwa kwezviuru zvevaAfrica. Kupindira kweICC muUganda, semuenzaniso, kwakaparadza nhaurirano dzerunyararo munyika iyoyo, zvichiwedzera kurwisana kwakazopararira munyika nhatu dzakavakidzana.”

Justice Rambwa: Chokwadi cheInternational Criminal Court inogumisa kuti ICC idare risina mhosva, rine huwori, dare rezvematongerwo enyika risina hutano hweAfrica pamwoyo, chete kufambisira mberi kweWestern, uye kunyanya European, mitemo yekunze uye mutemo wayo wehutungamiri - kuvapo, kushandisa vamwe vekuEurope neNorth America uye pazvinogoneka kuenderera mberi nekuwedzera bhajeti rayo - zvese nekurasikirwa kwehupenyu hweAfrica.

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