Mafungiro: Kurdistan yakanaka kuTurkey here?

Kunyangwe ichigara ichivhuvhuta pasi pepamusoro, kusarudzika kwemasekete kweMiddle East kwakawedzera kukwira mumakore achangopfuura. Kutora masimba kwemauto, kumukirana uye hondo dzevagari vemo dzizere zvinokanganisa nyika dzinobva kuNorth Africa kuenda kuIraq. Turkey, yakasimudzwa senyika umo chiIslam chezvematongerwo enyika chaigona kuzviratidza muhurongwa hwegutsaruzhinji, yakashungurudzwawo nezviitiko izvi.

Sarudzo yeTurkey yekutsigira bato rinopikisa richangotanga kurwisa Mutungamiriri weSyria Alawite, Bashar al-Assad, kunyangwe nekusaziva, yakabatsira kuwedzera kusawirirana kuMiddle East. Sezvo hondo yevagari vemuSyria yakawedzera, Mutungamiriri weTurkey, Recep Tayyip Erdogan, veSunni-majority Justice and Development Party (AKP) vakavhura muganho kune vapoteri vaitiza muSyria. IAKP yakafuratirawo varwi veSunni vanoenda kumaodzanyemba kunorwisa mauto ehurumende yeAlawite yeSyria. Nekusaziva kana kusaziva, Turkey yakavhura magedhi emvura kune jihadists kubva kuEurope yese.

Varwi ava vava kuita mamwe emapoka echiuto akanyanya, kunyanya Islamic State (IS). Yakasimbiswa neruzivo rwayo rwekurwa muSyria, IS yakaronga mheni inokurumidza kurwisa mauto kumadokero nekuchamhembe kweIraq mukutanga kwaJune. Boka iri, iro rakazozviti iCaliphate yeIslam kubva muIraq neSyria, rakapamba guta rechipiri pakukura, Mosul. Kutorwa kweguta guru redunhu iri kwakananga Turkey, sezvo makumi masere nerimwe evagari vayo vakatorwa semusungwa neboka revarwi vehondo pamwe nevabatsiri varo veIraqi Sunni. (Yeginsu, 'Varwi Vemauto Dutu reTurkey Consulate muIraqi Guta, Kutora Vanhu makumi mana nepfumbamwe seHostages,' The New York Times, 11 June 2014.) Vagari veTurkey makumi mana nevapfumbamwe, kusanganisira mumiriri weTurkey kuMosul, mauto eSpecial Forces nevamwe vashandi vezvematongerwo enyika vachiri nhapwa, kunyange hazvo vatyairi vemarori makumi matatu nevaviri vakaburitswa musi wa32 Chikunguru.
Panguva iyo hurumende yeMutungamiriri weIraqi Nouri al-Maliki yakatadza kuita basa nekurwisa uku, rimwe boka rakakwanisa kumisa mauto eIS.

Mauto ePeshmerga eKurdish Regional Government yeIraq (KRG) akazadza nzvimbo yekuchengetedza yakasiiwa munzvimbo dzekuchamhembe kweIraq apo mauto ehurumende akaparara. VaPeshmerga ndevamwe vevarwi vane hunyanzvi muMiddle East, uye vanoratidza vanhu vakakombwa nemasimba edunhu kwemakumi emakore.

Kugona kweKRG kumira yega pamberi peIS - kunyanya tichitarisa kuvimba kwehurumende yeal-Maliki nemauto eShia kuti asimudzire mauto ari kunyangarika - chinhu chakanaka kuvatungamiriri veTurkey. Pfungwa dzezvematongerwo enyika dzine njere muAKP dzakasimudzira kusimuka kweKRG yenyika pasi peMassoud Barzani muIraq, vachidyidzana, zvichinyadzisa Baghdad neWashington DC, nedunhu rinozvimiririra mumakore mashoma apfuura.

Pasi peMutungamiriri wehurumende Erdogan, AKP yakaedza kubuda kubva mukupokana neKemalist yenyika iyo yairatidzira danho rehurumende dzeTurkey dzakapfuura kumaKurds enyika. Kweanopfuura gore nehafu, chibvumirano cherunyararo chakaitwa pakati pehurumende yeTurkey neKurdistan Worker's Party yakarambidzwa (PKK), boka reKurdish separatist. Kunyangwe mutungamiri wePKK Abdullah Ocalan akagara mujeri reTurkey, kuenderera mberi kwake kutora chikamu muhurukuro dzerunyararo kwakapa Erdogan nzvimbo yekufambisa kumba nekune dzimwe nyika. ('Ocalan kutenda Paramende yeTurkey yeKurdish hurukuro dzerunyararo', Zaman wanhasi, 10 Chikunguru 2014.)

Mumba, Erdogan neAKP vakabatsirwa mubhokisi rekuvhota kubva pakuisa bato reKurdish BDP, mutambi mudiki asi akakosha muParamende yeTurkey. Hurukuro dzerunyararo dzakadawo kuti varwi vePKK varambe vari mumatambudziko avo muQuandil Mountains kumadokero kweIraq. Izvi zvakonzera kugadzikana mumatunhu ekumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweTurkey, uko vaKurds ndivo vakawanda munzvimbo dzakawanda.

Kunyangwe Ocalan naBarzani vachipokana munyika yezvematongerwo enyika echiKurdish, kuedza kwehurumende yeTurkey kuyananisa kwakabhadharawo kuyambuka muganho muIraq. Mumashure meSaddam Hussein Iraq, iyo KRG pasi peBarzani yakabatanidza zviwanikwa zvayo uye yakamisa hwaro hwakasimba hwezvematongerwo enyika.

Chimiro ichi, chakakudzwa mumakumi emakore ehondo neIraq, chakaratidza kushanda mukurwisa mamwe masimba eIraq, maSunni neShia.
Kubva payakatora masimba muna 2002, kwanyanya kukosha kwekubudirira kweAKP kuve kutungamira kwayo hupfumi. Turkey yakaona kukura kwehupfumi pasi peMutungamiri Erdogan. Rekodhi iyi inotonyanya kushamisa kana tichitarisa kudzikira kwehupfumi kwa2008, kunyura kuri pedyo kweEurozone yakavakidzana nematambudziko ekuganhurana neSyria, nehondo yevagari vemo.

Zvakadaro kukura kwehupfumi uku kuri kukonzerwa nemafuta negasi rinotengwa kunze kwenyika. Maererano neInternational Energy Agency, Turkey yakatenga kunze kwenyika zvikamu 93 kubva muzana zveoiri yayo uye 98 muzana yegasi rayo remusikirwo muna 2012. Kuzadzikisa zvinodiwa nesimba muTurkey ndiko kwava kuita kuti Kurdistan iwedzere kuzvitonga. Kutsamira kweTurkey pakutenga kwesimba kubva kunze kwave kuri chinhu chikuru mukuyananisa kweAnkara padanho reKRG neBaghdad pamusoro pemubereko wesimba reIraq mumakore achangopfuura.

Muna Zvita 2013, kambani yemagetsi yeTurkey Genel yakapedzisa pombi kubva kuKurdistan kuenda kuTurkey iyo CEO Tony Hayward akafanotaura kuti yaizopihwa zvizere chikamu chechina che2014. Oiri Ongorora Middle East, Kukadzi 14, 2014.)

MuKRG ine hushamwari uye yakazvimirira, Turkey ine mupi wesimba akagadzirira uye Kurdish murume wepakati, zvisinei nekukwikwidzana kweOcalan-Barzani, kutaura naye kana hurukuro dzerunyararo nePKK inorwisa zvakanyanya ikaparara. Chinotonyanya kuvimbisa ndechekuti kunyangwe kukakavara kwakawanda kwenzvimbo iyi kuri kutungamirwa nechitendero, vaKurds, kunyangwe vateveri veSunni Islam, ndevenyika. Vakadzi ndivo varwi vepamberi mumauto ePeshmerga muSyria neIraq, nepo PKK ichiverenga vanhukadzi pakati penhengo dzayo dzakavamba.

Mukutanga kwaChikunguru, Barzani akataura kuti aizokumbira paramende yeKRG kuti ivhote pareferendamu yerusununguko gare gare mugore. Mushure memakore ehukama hwakashata nehutongi hwehutongi hweMutungamiriri weIraqi Nouri al-Maliki, maKurds eIraq akakwana. Ivo zvino vanodzora zvizere guta rakapfuma-mafuta reKirkuk, iro rine ruzhinji rweKurdish.

Barzani akataura zvakanyanya kuti: "VaKurds havana kuunza mamiriro ane ngozi [anotyisidzira] kuvimbika kweIraq. Hatina kugadzira mamiriro ezvinhu ayo Iraq yazviwana nhasi. Hatina kugovera Iraq. Asi, ndevamwe vakaunza. nezvedambudziko iri uye akaputsa Iraq kuita zvidimbu. "

Nekudaro, iyo KRG haina kusundidzira rombo rakanaka. Pasinei nekukwanisa, mauto ePeshmerga haana kufamba paMosul. Izvi zvakanga zviri nokuda kwezvikonzero zviviri. Yekutanga yaive yekuti, nekutonga kweKirkuk, vatungamiriri veKRG havana kuona chikonzero chekukweverwa mukurwa kwenguva refu uye kwakakura neIS kuitira kuchengetedza hurumende yeal-Maliki iyo yakaramba ichivatsaura. Chechipiri, uye chakanyanya kutaura, ndechekuti vatungamiriri veKRG vaizeza kuyedza kutonga Mosul inova maArabu mazhinji. Pasi peKRG, maKurds eIraq akabudirira munzvimbo dziri pasi payo. Saka itaiwo nevashoma vedunhu, semaArabu nemaTurkmens, semhedzisiro yekugadzikana kwaunzwa nehutongi hwayo. Asi kutonga Mosul inyaya imwe chete, uye KRG yakaramba kuita basa rakakura kudaro.

Turkey, kunyange zvakadaro, ichiri kunetsekana nekugara zvakanaka kwevakasara makumi mana nemapfumbamwe vasungwa kubva kumumiriri weMosul, yakaudza Barzani pachivande kuti nguva haina kusununguka uye kuti kuperera kwenzvimbo yeIraq kuchiri kufarira mudunhu. (Unal, 'Ankara Inoudza Barzani Nguva Haina Yakakodzera Yekuzvimiririra Drive', www.DailySabah.com, 49 Chikunguru 15.)
Sezvineiwo, meseji iyi yakaunzwa muchivande, nepo Turkey ichizivikanwa kuendesa mauto akati wandei apo yaisatenda mafambiro ezviitiko kuchamhembe kweIraq. ('Turkey Inoyambuka Mutsetse', The New York Times, 23 March 1995.) Kuchenjerera kwayo kunonzwisisika, neAnkara isingadi kuisa zvigadziro zvezvinzvimbo zveKurdish zvakazvimiririra zvinogona kudzoka kuzotambudza.
Zvakadaro, Iraq neSyria zvakaratidza kuti kusawirirana kwemadzinza nechitendero kwakakura zvakanyanya kusagona kukurira kune dzimwe nyika dzedunhu.

Iyo yakareba yakatarisirwa (kana kutya, zvichienderana nemaonero emunhu) yakazvimirira Kurdistan inogona kukurumidza kuitika sezvo mushure meWWI Sykes-Picot Chibvumirano icho chakapatsanura Humambo hweOttoman chinotsemurwa nepakati nezviri kuitika kuMiddle East yanhasi. Mudiwa akasimba, wekunyika, wekutengesa simba kunze kwenyika inhau dzakanaka kumativi ese eTurkey uye zvakanyanya, dunhu rose.

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