Hondo iri kuitika pakati peBulgaria neBrussels pamusoro peramangwana rekushandisa simba

Dambudziko riri kukurumidza kuitika muUkraine rakaisa chitarisiko chakasimba pane imwe nyaya iri kupisa iyo yakamisa hukama hweEU / Russia kwemakore - kuchengetedzwa kwesimba. Sezvo Ukraine ichinetsekana kudzora mhirizhonga irikuvhiringa dunhu rayo rekumabvazuva, kumwe kunetsa kwakatonyanya kunoenderana nezvinoitika pasi pevhu apo mabhiriyoni emaeuro egasi rechisikigo reRussia anoyerera gore rega rega nemapombi kupinda muEurope. 

Gazprom hofori yesimba reRussia parizvino inodarika 30% pagasi rinodiwa neEU, inopfuura hafu inopfurwa neUkraine. EU inodaidzwa kuti 'Third Energy Package' yakanangana nekudzivirira kufambiswa kwemagetsi asi zvakakonzera kuti Russia imhan'are Brussels neWorld Trade Organisation (WTO) Chichemo ichi chine chekuita nepombi yeSouth Stream gas, yakagadzirirwa kupa nzira yeUkraine inonetsa uye yaida kutakura 63 bhiriyoni cubic metres egasi pagore kuburikidza neBlack Sea, Bulgaria, Serbia, Hungary neSlovenia kupinda muItaly.

Iyo pombi ye2,380-km, yakatsigirwa neGazprom pamwe neEni yeItaly, EDF yeFrance neBASF yeGermany, yakatanga kutaurwa muna 2007 uye inotarisirwa kudhura bhiriyoni gumi nemanomwe. Pakati pechichemo cheRussia pane zviga zveEU izvo zvinodzivirira kambani imwe kubva kune zvese uye kushandisa pombi yegesi. Magweta eEU akabvuma mitemo iyi, inozivikanwa se'varidzi unbundling', sechikamu chesimba rayo pamitemo inotonga musika wegasi nemagetsi webloc. Hurongwa hutsva uhu, hwakabvumiranwa muna 17, hwakanangana nekusimudzira makwikwi mumusika wegesi weEU uye mitengo yakaderera.

Nekudivi rayo, Russia inotaura kuti kambani yehurumende Gazprom, iyo inowanzova muridzi wepombi uye gasi riri mukati madzo munyika zhinji dzekumabvazuva kweEU, ndiyo chete kambani ine kodzero yekutumira gasi kunze. Mutsara uyu watora shanduko inoshamisa neParamende yeBulgaria ichitsigira Gazprom nekutsvaga kugadzirisa mutemo wayo wemagetsi uye kusabvisa pombi yekunze kubva kumitemo yeEU. Bulgaria inhandare yakakosha yekurwira nekuti kuendeswa kwepombi dzepombi kunofanirwa kutanga mwedzi uno nebasa rekuvaka nekuda kwekutanga muBulgaria neSerbia mwedzi unouya.

Mapombi epasi pegungwa achatanga kuiswa muchirimo. European Commission, kunyange zvakadaro, yakaita nekuyambira Bulgaria kuti pombi inoramba iri pasi pemutemo weEU, ichiwedzera kuti Sofia anogona kutarisana ne "nhanho dzepamutemo". Iyo "yechitatu simba pasuru" yaizodzikamisa huwandu hwegasi iro Gazprom yaigona kuendesa kunze kuEU kunyangwe zvichinzi izvi zvaizoremedza pundutso yepurojekiti. Vose Russia neBulgaria vave kusimbisa kukosha kwekukunda vakasununguka kubva kumitemo yemakwikwi eEU.

Nepo Hungary isina kuita mubatanidzwa kudzivirira South Stream sematauriro ehurumende yeBulgaria, Budapest yakawiriranisa mutemo wayo wesimba neMoscow zvakanyanya gore rino nekuipa chibvumirano chemabhiriyoni emadhora nuclear reactor. Serbia, iyo iri kunyorera nhengo yeEU, inotsigirawo pombi. Danho richangoburwa rakauya mwedzi wapera apo Paramende yeBulgaria yakaisa mutemo wekuti chikamu cheBulgaria cheSouth Stream chitsanangudzwe se "gasi rekubatanidza giridhi" kwete pombi, danho ravanotarisira kuti richabvumira chirongwa ichi kugadzirisa mutemo wemakwikwi eEU.

Pfungwa iyi ndeyekuti tsananguro nyowani yepamutemo yeSouth Stream sechibatanidza - ndiko kuwedzera kwenetiweki iripo - zvinoreva kuti Gazprom haizofanirwa kuvhura chikamu chakakosha cheBulgaria chepombi kune vechitatu pasi pemutemo weEU wesimba.

Sophia anopokana kuti mitemo yeEU haifanirwe kushanda kune chikamu chidiki cheSouth Stream muBulgarian territorial mvura iyo ingangove, maererano nemutemo weBulgaria, kuve pombi.

Iyo yakarongwa gadziriso yemutemo kumutemo wesimba weBulgaria, kopi yayo yakaonekwa na EU Mutori wenhau, inoti: "Chinangwa chekugadzirisa ndechekuzadza mukaha wepamutemo usina kugadziriswa kusvika ikozvino."

Tsime kuBulgaria's Permanent Representation kuEU yakati zvisungo zvitsva zvemutemo "zvakangojekesa nzvimbo isina kujeka" ine chekuita nechikamu chemahombekombe cheSouth Stream. Akawedzera kuti: "Hazvipindire neThird Energy Package, iyo inovhara mapaipi ekumahombekombe mukati memiganhu yeEU."

Gurukota rezvesimba reBulgaria, Dragomir Stoynev, nguva pfupi yadarika vakasangana nemumiriri wemagetsi eEU, Günther Oettinger, kuti vakurukure nezvenyaya yeSouth Stream uye, mushure meizvozvo, mukuru weGerman akati mitemo yeEU inoshandawo kune zvivakwa munzvimbo dzemvura yeBulgaria.

Nicole Bockstaller, mutauriri waOttinger, akati: "Tiri kushushikana nekuenderana kwezvigadziriso zvakaitwa kumutemo wemagetsi weBulgaria neEU mutemo. Ndokusaka VaOettinger vakanyorera VaStoynev kuti vabvunze kujekeswa. Takagamuchira mhinduro kubva kugurukota. On. rimwe divi, mhinduro haina kutivimbisa kuti zvakagadziridzwa izvi hazvisi kuzotambirwa.Nekune rimwe divi, gurukota rakati rinoda kuona kuti mutemo weEU waremekedzwa. Paramende, tingave nekunetsekana kwakasimba maererano nekutevedzwa kwemutemo weEU. Panyaya iyi toda kutora matanho anodiwa emutemo."

Kusachinjika kunofungidzirwa kweEU pamusoro pechitatu simba pasuru imhinganidzo kuGazprom sezvo gasi rekutanga rekupa richifanirwa kuunzwa gore rinouya.

Russia ine yakakosha hurongwa hwekufarira mukuda kusiyanisa zvinhu zvayo kunze kweUkraine. Iine 63bn cubic metres yehuwandu hwakarongwa, South Stream yaizokwanisa kutsiva inenge yakazara huwandu hwegasi iro parizvino rinopfuura Ukraine - rakarongwa pa70bcm gore rino.

Saka chii chinotevera?

Andras Jenei, nyanzvi yakazvimirira pamusoro pegasi rechisikigo muHungary, anotenda kuti, kuBulgaria, South Stream "yaizojeka" ipurojekiti ichave inobudirira mune zvehupfumi (mari yekufambisa) uye zvematongerwo enyika.

"South Stream zvinoreva kuwana zvakananga kumusika wekuMadokero uye zvakakosha kurwa neEU."

"Komisheni inogona chete kumisa chirongwa ichi nezvematongerwo enyika kana nemutemo mutsva unonangana neGazprom."

Kubva pamaonero eHungary anoti South Stream i "win-win" chirongwa sezvo imwe nzira yeNabucco inonzi "yakafa".

"EU inofanira kunzwisisa kuti Hungary nenharaunda haigoni kupisa dzimba munguva yechando nekunetseka kwakadzama uye mamwe mambama ane ushamwari kumusana wedu. Tinoda matanho anokurumidza uye anoshanda kuti tichengetedze simba redu rekutengesa zvinhu muchokwadi, kwete pamapepa uye South Stream ichaita. kusiyanisa nzira yekutenga kwedu gasi kunze kwenyika."

Jenei anoti dambudziko reUkraine rinoreva kuti hausi mubvunzo wekuti kuchave nekukanganiswa kwegasi nemafuta zvinhu "asi kuti izvi zvichaitika rinhi."

"Mangwana, vhiki, mwedzi kana kutanga kwechando? Iyi ndiyo mharidzo iri nyore: mamiriro ezvinhu akaoma, kana asina njodzi uye tinofanira kuita nokukurumidza. South Stream inopa zvishoma imwe nzira yekugadzirisa. "

Mashoko ake anotsinhirwawo negurukota rezvekunze kweBulgaria, Kristian Vigenin, uyo akati: “South Stream ipurojekiti yakakosha kuBulgaria. Paramende yedu yese iri kuzvifarira uye dzimwe nyika dzeEU hadzifanirwe kubatwa senhapwa nekuda kwedambudziko reUkrain. Tichaita zvese zvatinogona kupedzisa pombi. Nharo dzedu, chokwadi, dzakagovaniswa nevakawanda vaimbove veEast European bloc kubva kuDanube kumaodzanyemba. Izvi zvinonyanya kuitika nekuti nyika idzi hadzikwanisi kutenga zvirongwa zvepombi egasi zvinodhura uye zvisingabatanidzi Russia."

Mumwe weBulgarian Socialist MEP akabvuma kuti: "Aya maonero ayo, kusvika pari zvino, atadza kunzwisiswa nevagadziri vemitemo vekuNorthern neWestern Europe muBrussels kuti vangave vane zviwanikwa zvavo zvekwavo kana kuti vakanyanya kufambira mberi mune zveindasitiri nehunyanzvi."

Dare reParamende reEuropean rakadaidzira kuti South Stream imiswe asi Bulgarian MEP Slavcho Binev, mutevedzeri wemutungamiri weboka reEFD muParamende, akati: "Chinangwa chikuru chepurojekiti ndechekuzadzisa kudiwa kweEurope kwegasi rechisikigo."

Igor Elkin, Mutungamiriri Mukuru, South Stream, Bulgaria, akasimbisa mabhenefiti ehupfumi ayo purojekiti yemadhora mabhiriyoni matatu yakanga yatounza kunyika yake, kusanganisira kusikwa kwemamwe mabasa e3.

Iye akati: "Chirongwa ichi chiri kuitwa maererano neanopfuura makore makumi mana ruzivo rweGazprom neSouth Stream mhinduro yenguva refu yekugovera gasi kuCentral neEastern Europe."

Kumwe kutaura kunobva kuna Muzvinafundo Jonathan Stern, weOxford Institute for Energy Studies uye nhengo yeEU-Russia Gas Advisory Council, uyo akati: “Chiri kunyanya kunetsa Bulgaria neRussia ndechekuti EU inogona kukanganisa South Stream. Asi vanhu vanofanirwa kuona chokwadi kuti kutsamira kweEurope pagasi reRussia hakusi kuzodzikira mumakore gumi anotevera. "

Sezvineiwo, Stern akati dambudziko reUkraine rinogona kuita kuti mapaipi apfuure neUkraine, senge South Stream, zvakatonyanya kukosha kune magetsi eEuropean, achiwedzera kuti, "Tinogona kunge tiri mumamiriro ezvinhu apo tinenge tichipomera Russia kusaunza uye kuvadzivirira kubva. kuendesa kuburikidza nemapaipi aya. Inhema.”

Iyo 450-km yeSerbia gumbo repombi yakakosha ingangoita € 2 bhiriyoni uye anosvika zviuru zviviri mabasa. Serbia inoshandisa mabhiriyoni maviri nemazana mashanu emacubic metres egasi, kazhinji inotengwa kubva kuRussia kuburikidza neHungary. Nyika dzekuMadokero dzeBalkan dzakazara dzinodya anenge 2,000 bcm pagore, nhamba inotarisirwa kukwira mumakore anotevera.

Zorana Mihajlovic, gurukota rezvesimba, budiriro nekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza reSerbia akati: "South Stream yakakosha zvikuru zvehupfumi uye geo-strategic kuSerbia. Isu tinotarisira kubatsirwa zvakanyanya kubva pamutero wekufambisa gasi unogona kuunza € 100m pagore."

Mashoko ake anotsigirwa naZeljko Sertic, Mutungamiri weSerbia's Chamber of Commerce and Industry, uyo anoti chirongwa ichi ndechimwe chekudyara kukuru muSouth East Europe mumakore ekupedzisira e20 uye akabata "kukosha kukuru" kwekugovera gasi munharaunda.

Iye akati: "South Stream ine hupfumi hwakakura, hunyanzvi uye zvine chekuita nesimba mudunhu rese."

Mukuru weGazprom, Alexey Miller, akati: "South Stream chete ndiyo inogona kupa vimbiso dzechokwadi kuEurope maererano nekuchengetedzwa kwesimba."

Nyika dzaimbove dzemakomunisiti dzekumabvazuva, dzakabatana neEU muna 2004, dzinoramba dzichivimba zvakanyanya neSoviet-era zvivakwa zvekupa magetsi uye vazhinji vanopomera kutadza kugadzirisa izvi kuWestern Europe, uko nyika dzisinganyanyi kuona kuGazprom.

“Munyaya yesimba, handisati ndamboona nhamburiko chaiyo inobva kunyika dzokuMadokero kutibetsera,” akadaro mumwe mumiriri mukuru aibva kune yaichimbova mutezo weEU womukomonisiti.

Imwe nyanzvi, Drew Leifheit, anobva kuNatural Gas Europe, akati: "Dambudziko reUkraine rakadzosa kuchengetedzeka kwesimba reEuropean munzvimbo uye rinoisa njodzi yekuti zvematongerwo enyika / kuita zvakanyanya nekuderedza kana kusasanganisa kuvepo kweRussia mumusika wegesi. zvinotungamira mukudzikira kwese kwegasi mune ramangwana remagetsi musanganiswa weEurope."

Ongororo ichangoburwa yakaitwa nevanopa mazano WorldThinks yakaratidza kuti kune rutsigiro rwakakura rweSouth Stream ne68% yevaBulgaria vachiitsigira uye 5% chete vachipikisa.Zvinogona kubatsira zveSouth Stream zvaive pachena kune vakapindura, kwete chete maererano uye kuwedzera kwekuchengetedza kuchengetedzwa, asi mabhenefiti ehupfumi ese akaita sekugadzira mabasa, mitero uye mari yekufambisa.

Leifheit akawedzera kuti: "Kunyange zvakanyanya kutariswa kuSouth Stream, zvakakosha kuziva kuti zano reBulgaria harina kusungirirwa kuRussia chete. Bulgaria iri kushingaira kutora matanho ane chinangwa chekuita kuti nyika ive hub inobatanidza zvido zvekuchengetedza simba nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana. kwenzvimbo dzakasiyana dzevatambi vegasi uye simba."

Akapedzisa achiti: "South Stream ichava nebasa mukuendesa gasi rakadzikama, rakachengeteka kune vatengi veBulgarian sezvinozoita mamwe purojekiti inokura kana yakarongwa."

Kunyangwe hazvo European Commission inogona kupokana kuti South Stream parizvino haisi kutevedzera mutemo weEU, Russia inoramba iine tarisiro yekuti inogona kuenderera mberi nechirongwa.

Nemhirizhonga yevagari vemuUkraine ichikonzera mumvuri unogara wakareba pamusoro peEurope, kubvumirana kwavepo ndekwekuti kusawirirana kuri pakati peEU neBulgaria kunofanirwa kugadziriswa nekukurumidza kudzivirira kunonoka mune izvo zvinoonekwa nevakawanda sechirongwa chinodiwa simba. Mushure mezvose, hapana-mudunhu anoda imwe nguva yechando yekuvhara gasi kubva kuUkraine.

Zvingangove ndezvekuti, mushure mesarudzo dzeEuropean muna Chivabvu 25, South Stream ingangove imwe yenyaya 'inofanirwa-kuita' kune hutongi hutsva hweEU.

Goverana ichi chinyorwa: