Kazakh space agency inofambira mberi

Kazakhstan's space indasitiri ndiyo imwe yenzvimbo nyowani uye yepamusoro-soro.

naColin Stevens

Nzvimbo - muganho wekupedzisira, uye kune avo vanoiongorora iyo huru yekumisikidza nzvimbo muEurasia ndiyo Baykonur Cosmodrome muKazakhstan. Indasitiri yezvemuchadenga ndiyo imwe yenzvimbo itsva uye inonyanya kukosha yenzvimbo iyo yakazvimisira chinangwa chekuve mutungamiri wetekinoroji pakupera kwemakore gumi anotevera.

Nhasi, mabasa akanyanya kukosha eKazakhstan's national space agency (Kazkosmos), akagadzirwa muna 2007 nechisungo chemutungamiri wenyika, ari kusimudzira nekusimudzira indasitiri iyi yepamusoro tech uye kudyidzana nenyika dzinotungamira dzekunze nemasangano epasirese mukuongorora nekushandiswa kwekunze.

Sachigaro weNational Space Agency yeRepublic of Kazakhstan aimbova cosmonaut Talgat Mussabayev, gamba reRussian Federation uye gamba renyika reKazakhstan.

Nguva yese yendege nhatu dzemuchadenga dzaTalgat Mussabayev imazuva 341, rinenge gore rimwe rePasi.

Kune yega yega cosmonaut, nguva iri pakati pezuva rekutanga uye zuva rekudzokera kuPasi hupenyu hwavo hwemuchadenga. Talgat Mussabayev akararama munzvimbo nhatu hupenyu. Nguva yese yendege dzake nhatu dzemuchadenga dzakaitika muna 1994, 1998 na2001, mazuva 341, rinenge gore rimwe rePasi.

Akaraira nzendo dzeSoyuz, iyo MIR space station uye International Space Station

Ndeapi aiva manzwiro ake makuru aanoyeuka panguva yake yokutanga kubhururuka muchadenga?

Sachigaro weNational Space Agency yeRepublic of Kazakhstan aimbova cosmonaut Talgat Mussabayev, gamba reSoviet Union uye Hhero yenyika yeKazakhstan.

"Ndakanga ndine manzwiro akawanda akasiyana uye manzwiro, asi ose akanga akabatana nePasi, nenyika yangu. Ndinofunga kuti manzwiro akadaro anonyanya kutaurwa muchadenga. Ndakashamiswa nekunaka kwakaita Nyika kubva muchadenga. Muchadenga. ,Nyika yose inonzwa semusha wako wekuzvarwa.Kunyarara Panyika kunoita kuti munhu anzwe kugadzikana,asi kunyarara muchadenga kunoita kuti munhu anzwe kutya uye kunyange kutya.Chaizvoizvo,chadenga hachina kumbonyarara.Siira kunyarara kwenyeredzi kunanyanduri.Muchadenga. zviteshi zvakazadzwa nokuridza muridzo kusingafadzi kwezvinofuridza mhepo. Kana munhu adzoka kuNyika chete ndipo paanozonzwa mufaro usingaenzaniswi wekuva paNyika."

Akashamiswa nekunaka kwakaita Nyika kubva muchadenga. Mukusadzivirirwa kwayo uye nekudziya kwayo kunopenya pasi redu rakamuyeuchidza nezvemwana. Kutya kwake kwakaunza mufaro apo, mushure mekuvhura Space Station hatch; akatarisa pasi ndokufunga kuti “Haiwa Mwari wangu! Kune Kazakhstan! »

Zvakangoitikawo kuti mafambiro ake ekutanga emuchadenga akaitika panguva chaiyo iyo MIR space station yaibhururuka pamusoro penyika yake. Chaizvoizvo, muchadenga, nyika yese yePasi inonzwa semusha wako wekuzvarwa, asi akafunga kusangana uku sechiratidzo chakanaka uye paakakwanisa kugadzira makomo marefu, madziva ebhuruu uye kusingaperi kweKazakh steppe pamusoro pe. nyika yebhuruu uye mhenyu, akanzwa misodzi isingaite ichiyerera nematama ake.

Kunyangwe asingambozvitora semurume ane rombo rakanaka - kwagara kuine zvipingamupinyi munzira yekuzadzisa zvinangwa zvake uye anototsanangura izvi sekungofa kwake - murume ane rombo rakanaka. Anogara achiziva zvaanoda uye nzira yekuzadzisa icho chinangwa nematambudziko zvinongomusimbisa. Kurota kukuru kwehupenyu hwake kwakaitika: pazera remakore makumi matatu nematatu haana kungova mutyairi wendege, asi aerobatic flying champion weUSSR, uye pazera remakore makumi mana nemana akazova cosmonaut. Pamakore makumi mashanu neshanu akatanga kuisa ruzivo rwese uye ruzivo rwaakawana panguva yebasa rake se cosmonaut mukuita munyika yake yekuzvarwa, Kazakhstan.

Nhasi, Talgat Mussabayev mutyairi wecosmonaut wenyika mbiri - Russia neKazakhstan. Nekuda kwekuratidza hushingi hwake nehugamba mumamishoni matatu emuchadenga akapihwa mazita ekuremekedza eGamba reRussia neGamba reNyika reKazakhstan. Akapiwa chinzvimbo cheLieutenant-General of Aviation of the Republic of Kazakhstan uye zita reDhictor of Engineering yeRussia. Mushure mekunge apedza basa rake muboka reRussian cosmonaut, Talgat Mussabayev akadzokera kuKazakhstan uye vatungamiri venyika mbiri vakamukumbira kuti ave mukuru weKazakhstan-Russian joint-stock enterprise, Bayterek, yakatangwa kuti igadzirise nzvimbo itsva yakachengeteka yerocket complex. muBaykonur cosmodrome. Kubva muna Kubvumbi 2007, anga ari Sachigaro weNational Space Agency yeRepublic of Kazakhstan. Anotenda kuti Russia ndiyo inonyanya kudyidzana nenyika yeKazakhstan uye yakaita mupiro wakanakisa mukubhururuka nendege uye kusimudzira nzvimbo uye kubatsirana kunobatsirana pakati peKazakhstan neRussia, pamwe nepasi rose munda wekusimudzira nzvimbo.

“Semunhu wekutanga wemuchadenga muKazakhstan yakazvimirira, ndakadada kuva mutakuri wemureza wekutanga weKazakh muchadenga kuparadzira mwero wenyika yedu muchadenga.” akadaro Mussabayev. “Mukati merwendo rwangu rwekutanga, ndakatora mireza miviri yenyika yeRepublic of Kazakhstan kuchiteshi chezvichadenga cheMIR. Paive nemudziyo wakakosha muchikepe paichengetwa mireza yeKazakhstan, bhuku raMutungamiriri weRepublic of Kazakhstan, Nursultan Nazarbayev, mufananidzo wake, Bumbiro reKazakhstan, capsule ine ivhu reAstana neKoran. Zvinhu zvose izvi zvakaenda muchadenga nesu ndokudzokera kuNyika nesu. Imwe yemureza yakapihwa President wenyika yedu. Yechipiri mureza ikozvino mune cosmonaut museum muStar City.

"Pfungwa yekutora Koran nevhu kubva kuKazakhstan yakauya mupfungwa muBaykonur, zuva risati ratanga. Mugadziri Mukuru weNPO Energiya, Yuri Pavlovich Semenov, akatsigira pfungwa uye takabvumirwa kutora mukwende wakawedzerwa munzvimbo. Ndichibatsirwa nemukuru wevatariri veguta reLeninsk, Vitali Brynkin, uye mutevedzeri wake, Yergazy Nurgaliyev, ndakakwanisa kutora zviratidzo izvi zvinokosha zvevanhu veKazakh muchikepe chedu.

"Kubva ipapo ndakatora chigaba chine mureza wenyika yeRepublic of Kazakhstan, Koran uye capsule ine ivhu reKazakh pandege dzangu dzese."

Pfungwa yekumusha inowedzera munzvimbo kana kuderera here? Handiti, shure kwezvose, Nyika yose haisi nyika yemunhu kubva muchadenga here?

"Kutaura zvazviri, hapasisina chinobatika chinoonekwa kunze kwePasi redu kubva muchadenga. Nyika yebhuruu iyi inoshamisa nechiedza chayo chakajeka uye kudziya kwayo. Nyika yakafanana nechiedza chechadenga, sechinangwa chehupenyu. Paunenge uri mu orbit. kutaura zvazviri, iwe unonzwa zvakanyanya semumiriri wePasi, kupfuura mugari weimwe nyika, nekuti miganhu yenyika haigone kuonekwa kubva muchadenga.Asi, zvisinei, ndaigara ndichirangarira kuti nyika yese yeKazakh yaizotongwa nevamwe vangu. pahwaro hwounyanzvi hwangu nounhu hwangu. Panguva iyoyo kwakanga kune rusaruro rwokuti vaKazakh vaigona kufudza makwai chete. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma zvikuru mukufamba kwandakaita ndakatakura mutoro wakazara womuinjiniya wendege uye ndikaratidza kuti tinogona kuva vanopfuura vafudzi!"

Gamba reNyika reKazakhstan raizotsanangura sei hupenyu hwake hwemuchadenga?

"Ndingazviti zvakaoma asi ndinofara. Uye chinonyanya kukosha ndechokuti hupenyu hwangu hwepanyika hwakaramba huripo pasi pano: Ndakadzokera kumusha kuKazakhstan ndokutanga kushanda muindasitiri yemuchadenga kuti ibatsire nyika yangu.

"Kazkosmos yakaita zvibvumirano zvehurumende pamusoro pekubatana kwemuchadenga nehurumende dzeRussia, Ukraine, France, Israel neChina uye yakasaina zvibvumirano zvekuongorora uye kushandiswa kwekunze kwekunze nezvinangwa zverunyararo neGermany, British, Swedish, Indian, Japanese, Korean, Emirati, Saudi uye Thai space agencies.

"Tiri kusangana neNational Academy of Sciences yeRepublic of Belarus uye Netherlands 'Space Office. Gore rinotevera, tinoronga kusaina chibvumirano chehurumende neBelarus uye chibvumirano chepakati neNetherlands pamusoro pekubatana mukuongorora uye kushandiswa kwekunze.

"Ndivanaani vatinoshamwaridzana navo? Pasina mubvunzo, chinonyanya kukosha kwatiri ndechekubatana neRussia. Imwe yenzvimbo dzedu huru dzekushandira pamwe ndeyekushandiswa kweBaikonur, iyo ikozvino iri pasi pekurenda. Dzokorora kuti muna 2004, vatungamiri. yeKazakhstan neRussia yakasaina chibvumirano chekushanda pamwe nekushandiswa kweBaikonur Cosmodrome, maererano nekurenda kwakawedzerwa kusvika 2050. Gwaro iri rinoratidzawo kuti Russia ichakurudzira zvizere kubatanidzwa neRe-public yeKazakhstan pamapurogiramu ane chokuita ne kusikwa nekushandiswa kwenzvimbo itsva dzemuchadenga dzemaroketi uye mamwe mapurojekiti nemapurogiramu akabatana."

Mushure maizvozvi, kusaina kwechibvumirano chehurumende pamusoro pekugadzirwa kwenzvimbo yakagadzikana yerocket complex Baiterek yakaitika.

Rimwe remapurojekiti makuru ari kuitwa pari zvino neRussia kugadzira kweKazSat satellite yekutaurirana uye kutepfenyura system. Musi waChikunguru 16, 2011, satellite KazSat 2 yakatangwa kubva kuBaikonur Cosmodrome. Iye zvino, kambani yeRussia Reshetnev Information Satellite Systems iri kuvaka KazSat 3 satellite. Kutanga kwayo kwakarongerwa muna Kubvumbi 2014. Mukuwedzera, zvivako zviviri zvekugadzirisa pasi zvakavakwa munzvimbo dzeAkmola neAlmaty.

Uyezve, musi wa 22 Chivabvu 2008, chibvumirano chepakati pehurumende mukushandira pamwe pakushandiswa nekuvandudzwa kweRussian global satellite navigation system, GLONASS, yakasainwa. Kazakhstan Gharysh Sapary (kambani yehurumende) iri kushanda mukugadzirwa kwepasi infra-chimiro cheKazakhstan chakanyatsojeka satellite navigation system (SNS) kuburikidza nekugadzirwa kwematunhu akasiyana satellite kufamba masisitimu achishandisa GLONASS neAmerican GPS.

Pakurudziro yeKazakhstan, kushandira pamwe kwemuchadenga pakati penyika dzeCIS kunofambiswa kuburikidza nemisangano yegore negore yevakuru venzvimbo dzepamusoro.

Saka, pamusangano wechina wechangobva kuitika wevakuru ava muYevpatoria (Ukraine) muna Chikunguru we2013, vatori vechikamu vakasimbisa kufarira kwavo kutsvaga nzvimbo yakabatana uye izvo zvinonyanya kukosha zvakasimbiswa neCIS Development Concept uye Action Plan yechikamu chechipiri (2012-2015) iyo 2020 CIS Economic Development Strategy.

Imwe yenzvimbo dzekubatana kwakadaro ndeyekubatanidzwa kweSRC Zenith. No isinganyanyi kukosha kuti Kazakhstan ari bilateral nzvimbo co-operation neUkraine munzvimbo dzakadai nzvimbo michina, pamwe tsvakurudzo uye kudzidziswa RK nzvimbo chirongwa vashandi mumayunivhesiti Ukrainian. Kazakhstan inofarirawo kutora chikamu muchirongwa cheDnepr chekutengeserana kwemasatellite emuchadenga vachishandisa MBR PS-20 yekutengesa system, yakagadzirwa nekambani yeRussia-Ukrainian-Kazaldi MCC Kosmotras. Yekutanga Kazakh iri kure inonzwa setiraiti ichatangwa nechirongwa ichi.

Kana zviri zvekushandira pamwe nenyika dziri kunze kwenyika, zvibvumirano zvehurumende zvakasainwa neFrance muna Gumiguru 2009 zvakadyidzana neKazakhstan Gharysh Sapary yehurumende, neFrench EADS Astrium pamapurojekiti makuru maviri. Yekutanga inosanganisira kugadzirwa kweremote sensing system inoumbwa neboka re orbital repamusoro nepakati resolution RS satellite, nzvimbo yekudzora pasi uye nzvimbo yakanangwa yepasi yekugamuchira uye kugadzirisa satellite data uye nekugara iyo yekufambiswa kwemashoko. Iyo purojekiti, pamwe chete nekuvandudzwa kwenzvimbo dzepamusoro tekinoroji, yakatarisana nekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza uye kuvimbiswa kwekuchengetedzwa kwenyika.

Yechipiri purojekiti inosanganisira kugadzirwa kwegungano uye yekuyedza yakaoma yezvitundumuseremusere. Parizvino iri kuvakwa muAstana.

Muna Kurume we2013, panguva yekushanya kuLondon, nhumwa yeKazkosmos yakasaina memorandamu yekunzwisisana neUK Space Agency pamusoro pekushandira pamwe mukuongorora uye kushandiswa kwenzvimbo yekunze nekuda kwerunyararo zvinosanganisira kusikwa kwenzvimbo yesainzi uye. tekinoroji application (COP MIN).

Sangano iri zvakare ririkuenderera mberi nekuvandudza kudyidzana neChina, nyika yakakwanisa kuzvimiririra yakasununguka kubhururuka muchadenga uye inhengo yekirabhu yemasimba masimba. Musi waGunyana 7, 2013, panguva yekushanya zviri pamutemo kwemutungamiri weChinese kuKazakhstan, chibvumirano chehurumende chekushandira pamwe mukuongorora uye kushandiswa kwekunze kwezvinangwa zverunyararo chakasainwa. Musi wa23 Gunyana 2013 muBeijing, panguva ye64th International Astronautic Congress, nhumwa dzeKazkosmos dzaitungamirirwa naTalgat Mussabayev dzakasangana nevatungamiriri veNational Space Administration uye mabhizinesi emuchadenga eChina. Rutivi rweChinese rwakaratidza kufarira kwakasimba mukubatana kwemativi maviri uye chibvumirano chakaitwa pakuvandudza kubatana muzvikamu zvina: kubhururuka kwemuchadenga, kushandiswa kweRK neChinese sensing sensing satellite, satellite yekufonera uye kusimudzira sainzi yemuchadenga.

Zvakare, RK National Center for Space Research and Technology, yakabatana neJapan Aerospace Exploration Agency, iri kushanda pakuongorora nzvimbo dzepasi rose dzenjodzi nenjodzi dzinongoitika dzoga vachishandisa kuremerwa nekunzwa.

Kuenderera mberi kwekushandira pamwe kwenyika dzese, kutora kweKazakhstan ruzivo rwepamusoro kubva kune dzimwe nyika uye kuendesa tekinoroji yemuchadenga kunotungamira kune yakareruka uye inoshanda yenyika indasitiri yemuchadenga.

Colin Stevens

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