Nhoroondo yeUN musangano pamusoro pekutama nekusimudzira musi wa3-4 Gumiguru muNew York

Kubva 3-4 Gumiguru, iyo UN High-level Dialogue yeInternational Migration uye Development ichasangana muNew York. Kechipiri munhoroondo, ichaunza pamwe chete vanogadzira mitemo nevashandi vanobva kumativi ose enyika kuti vatarise pamusoro penzira yakasimba yekutama nekusimudzira. Zvekumba Komishina Cecilia Malmström, achamiririra EU pamusangano uyu uye nekupa hurukuro inokosha pamusoro pekutama uye post-2015 yekuvandudza hurongwa uye pamusoro pekuti kuedza kwepasi rose kunogona sei kunyatsoenderana nezvitsva zvitsva, nekufamba-famba kwenyika dzakawanda kunoramba kuchikura.

"The High-level Dialogue ichatarisa nzira yekusimudzira zvikomborero zvekutamira kune dzimwe nyika kune vanoenda kune dzimwe nyika uye nyika zvakafanana uye kuti tingasimbisa sei kubatana kwepasi rose munharaunda iyi. Tinofanira kutsanangurazve nzira yedu yekutama uye kufamba kuitira kuti tiwane zvikomborero zvose. inogona kuunza kuupfumi hwedu nenharaunda.Kusunungura mukana wakazara wekutama kuti usimudzire upfumi nderimwe rematambudziko makuru ezana ramakore rechi 21. Tinofanira kusimudzira nzira dzakasimba dzinopa mupiro une musoro kuhupenyu hwevanotama uye kuchengetedza kodzero dzavo, " akadaro Cecilia Malmström.

Hutsva hweUN data hunoratidza kuti nhamba yevanotamira kune dzimwe nyika yakakura kubva pamamiriyoni zana nemakumi manomwe neshanu muna 175 kusvika pamamiriyoni mazana maviri nemakumi matatu nemaviri nhasi, Asia ichiverengera kuwanda kwakawanda. Uye iyo yose inotarisirwa kusvika mamiriyoni 2000 muna 232. Europe inoramba iri iyo inonyanya kufarirwa nzvimbo ine mamiriyoni 400 ekubva kune dzimwe nyika muna 2040. MuEurope, Germany neFrance ndimo mune nharaunda huru dzevatorwa.

Iyo HLD inofanirwa kuita nhamburiko yekugadzira hurongwa hwekuita-hwekuita ine zvinobatika zvinangwa Kunyanya ku:

1. Ita shuwa kuti nzira dzebudiriro dzinoona kutama uye kufamba se'zvinhu zvinogonesa' zvebudiriro.
2. Remekedzai chiremerera uye nekuchengetedza kodzero dzevanhu vanoenda kune dzimwe nyika, zvisinei nemamiriro epamutemo evatorwa.
3. Ziva mikana nematambudziko ayo ari kuwedzera kutama kwemaguta uye kutama kunounza kumaguta nematunhu emumaguta.
4. Kusimbaradza hutongi hwekutama kuburikidza nekudyidzana kwenyika mbiri nedunhu, kusanganisira nekudyidzana nemasangano akazvimirira.
5. Kurudzira kufamba kwevashandi vepasi rese nedunhu.

kumashure

1. Nhamba dzinokosha pakutama kwenyika

Vanhu vakawanda kupfuura kare vari kugara kunze kwenyika. Muna 2013, vanhu 232 miriyoni (3.2 muzana yehuwandu hwepasirese) vaive vabvakure, zvichienzaniswa ne175 miriyoni muna 2000 uye 154 miriyoni muna 1990.

Maererano nenhamba dzichangoburwa neUN¹ Europe neAsia dzinogamuchira zvingangoita zvikamu zviviri muzvitatu zvevose vanobva kune dzimwe nyika pasi rose. Europe inoramba iri iyo inonyanya kufarirwa nharaunda ine 72 miriyoni vanobva kune dzimwe nyika vanobva kune dzimwe nyika muna 2013. MuEurope, Germany neFrance dzinogamuchira nharaunda huru dzevatorwa.

Zvakawanikwa zvinoratidzawo kuti kutama kweSouth-South kwakajairika sekutama kweSouth-North. Vazhinji vanobva kune dzimwe nyika vanobva munyika dzichiri kusimukira asi mumakore achangopfuura vanga vachigara munhamba yakaenzana munzvimbo dzakasimukira uye dzichiri kusimukira.

Uku kuwedzera kwekufamba kwedunhu nepasirese kunogadzira mikana; kubatsira semuenzaniso mukuderedza urombo nekuvandudza. Asi zvinodawo utongi hunoshanda kuitira kugadzirisa zvimhingamipinyi zvakaita se'brain drain' (kutamira kunze kwevanhu vakadzidza), kushandiswa kwevanotamira kune dzimwe nyika uye zvinokonzerwa nekutama kwevanhu mumaguta.

2. Hurukuro pa UN High-level Dialogue ichatarisa pa:

1. Matanho ekuona kuremekedzwa nekudzivirirwa kwekodzero dzevanhu vese vanotama, kunyanya kutaurwa nezvevakadzi nevana pamwe nekudzivirira nekurwisa kuburitswa kwevanotama uye kutengeswa kwevanhu zvisiri pamutemo uye kuona kutama kwakarongeka, nguva dzose uye kwakachengeteka;
2. Kuongorora mhedzisiro yekutama kwepasirese pakusimudzira kwakasimba uye kuona zvakakosha zvakakosha mukuona kwekugadzirira kweiyo post-2015 yekuvandudza hurongwa;
3. Kusimbisa kudyidzana uye kubatirana pamusoro pekufamba kwenyika, nzira dzekubatanidza zvinobudirira kutama mumatongerwo ebudiriro uye kukurudzira kubatana pamatanho ese; uye
4. Kufambiswa kwemabasa epasi rose neredunhu uye zvazvinoita pabudiriro.

3. Maitiro eEU

NeGlobal Approach to Migration and Mobility EU yakagadzira mutemo wakaenzana uye wakakwana wekutama kwekunze uyo unosanganisira kutama nekusimudzira seimwe yenzvimbo ina dzinonyanya kukosha. Kutama kwakakosha zvakare pasi pemubatanidzwa weEU webudiriro, Agenda for Change.

Pamwe chete nenyika dziri nhengo dzayo, EU ndiyo iri kutungamira pasi rose kupa rubatsiro rwebudiriro uye icharamba ichipa rutsigiro rwakakura mumakore anotevera. Pakati pa2004 na2012, Komisheni yakapa mari inosvika bhiriyoni imwe kumapurojekiti anodarika mazana mana ane chekuita nekutama.

Musi wa21 Chivabvu, European Commission yakagamuchira Kukurukurirana Kukwirisa Kubudirira Impact yeKutama, iyo inopa hwaro hwechinzvimbo chakafanana cheEU neNhengo dzayo dzeNhengo paKukurukurirana kwepamusoro. Inoitawo mazano ekuita kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti ramangwana reEU rekufamba uye kusimudzira rinove rakazara, richigadzirisa huwandu hwakazara hwezvakanaka uye zvakaipa zvinokonzeresa zvemhando dzakasiyana siyana dzinogona kufambiswa nekutama pakusimudzira hupfumi, magariro uye kwezvakatipoteredza. -Income nyika dzekwakabva nekwaunoenda.

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