Hunhu hwemhepo: Kanzuru neParamende vanorova chibvumirano chekusimbisa zviyero muEU

Mutungamiriri weKanzuru nevamiriri veParamende yeEuropean vasvika pachibvumirano chezvematongerwo enyika chenguva pachikumbiro chekuisa zviyero zvemhando yemhepo zveEU kuti zvizadziswe nechinangwa chekuzadzikisa chinangwa chekusvibisa zero, zvichikonzera nharaunda isina chepfu muEU panosvika 2050. Inotsvagawo kuunza EU mhando dzemhando dzemhepo zvinoenderana neWorld Health Organisation (WHO) kurudziro.

Chibvumirano ichi chichiri kuda kusimbiswa nemasangano ese ari maviri asati aenda nenzira yepamutemo yekurera.

"Kune EU, hutano hwevagari vemo ndiyo inonyanya kukosha. Izvi ndizvo zvatakaratidza nhasi nechibvumirano chakakosha ichi chichabatsira kuzadzisa chinangwa cheEU chekusvibisa zero panosvika 2050. Mitemo mitsva ichavandudza zvakanyanya kunaka kwemhepo. tinofema uye kutibatsira kunyatsogadzirisa kusvibiswa kwemhepo, nokudaro tichideredza kufa nguva isati yakwana uye njodzi dzine chekuita nehutano."
Alain Maron, gurukota reHurumende yeBrussels-Capital Region, inotarisira shanduko yemamiriro ekunze, nharaunda, simba uye demokrasi inobatanidzwa.

Zvinhu zvikuru zvechibvumirano

Kusimbisa mitemo yehutano hwemhepo

Nemitemo mitsva iyi, vatongi vemitemo vakabvumirana kuisa yakagadziridzwa EU yemhando yemhando yemhepo ye2030 nenzira ye muganhu uye chinangwa chetsika izvo zviri padyo negwaro reWHO uye rinogara richiongororwa. Iyo yakadzokororwa dhairekitori inovhara huwandu hwezvinhu zvinosvibisa mweya, zvinosanganisira zvidimbu zvidimbu uye tunhu tunhu (PM._2.5 uye PM₁₀), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), sulfur dioxide (SO₂), benzo (a) pyrene, arsenic, lead uye nickel, pakati pezvimwe, uye inogadza mipimo yakananga kune imwe neimwe yadzo. Semuyenzaniso, muganho wepagore wemakoshi ezvinosvibisa ane yakanyanya kunyorwa kukanganisa pahutano hwevanhu, PM_2.5 uye HERE₂, yaizoderedzwa kubva pa25 µg/m³ kuenda pa10 µg/m³ uye kubva pa40 µg/m³ kuenda pa20 µg/m³ zvichiteerana.

Chibvumirano chenguva chinopa nyika dzenhengo mukana wekukumbira, panosvika 31 Ndira 2029 uye nezvikonzero chaizvo uye pasi pemamiriro akasimba, a. kudzoreredzwa yenguva yekupedzisira yekuwana iyo yemhando yemhepo inogumira kukosha:

• kusvika pasati papfuura 1 Ndira 2040 kumatunhu uko kutevedzera chirevo nenguva yakatarwa kungave kusingagoneke nekuda kwemamiriro ekunze uye mamiriro ekunze kana uko kudzikiswa kunodiwa kunogona kuwanikwa chete nekukanganisa kwakakura pane iripo masystem ekudziya edzimba.
• kusvika pasati papfuura 1 Ndira 2035 (nekukwanisa kuiwedzera nemamwe makore maviri) kana fungidziro dzichiratidza kuti chiyero chemuganho hachigone kuwanikwa nekusvika kwekupedzisira.

Kukumbira kumisikidzwa uku, nyika dzenhengo dzinofanirwa kusanganisira fungidziro yemhando yemhepo mumigwagwa yemhando yemhepo (ichagadzwa ne2028) zvichiratidza kuti kudarika kuchachengetwa kupfupi sezvinobvira uye kuti kukosha kwemuganho kuchasangana panopera nguva yekumisikidza munguva pfupi yapfuura. Munguva yekumisikidzwa, nyika dzenhengo dzichafanirawo kugara dzichigadzirisa migwagwa yadzo uye kutaura nezvekuita kwavo.

Migwagwa yemhando yemhepo, zvirongwa uye zvirongwa zvenguva pfupi yekuita

Muzviitiko apo muganho kana kukosha kwechinangwa kwakapfuura kana paine njodzi chaiyo yekupfuura yambiro kana ruzivo rwezvimwe zvinosvibisa, zvinyorwa zvinoda kuti nhengo dzenhengo dzitange:

• an air quality roadmap pamberi penguva yakatarwa kana pakati pa2026 na2029 mwero wezvinosvibisa ukapfuura muganhu kana kukosha kwazvinotarirwa kuwanikwa ne2030.
• zvirongwa zvehutano hwemhepo kune nzvimbo idzo mazinga ezvinosvibisa anopfuura muganhu uye zvinonangwa kukosha zvakatarwa mukuraira mushure menguva yekupedzisira
• zvirongwa zvekuita zvenguva pfupi kutara matanho ekukurumidzira (semuenzaniso kurambidza kutenderera kwemotokari, kumisa mabasa ekuvaka, nezvimwewo) kuderedza njodzi yekukurumidza kuhutano hwevanhu munzvimbo dzinopfuudzwa mipimo yekuzivisa.

Vagadziri vemitemo vakabvumirana kuisa zvinodiwa zvakapfava zvekumisikidza hunhu hwemhepo uye zvirongwa zvenguva pfupi zvechiito mumamiriro ezvinhu apo mukana wekudzikisa kumwe kusvibiswa kwemhepo kwakadzikira zvakanyanya nekuda kwenzvimbo yenzvimbo uye mamiriro ekunze. Kana zvasvika kune ozone, kana pasina kukosha kwakakosha kudzikisa huwandu hweozone munharaunda kana yedunhu, vatongi vemitemo vakabvumirana kusunungura nyika dzenhengo kubva pakutanga zvirongwa zvemhando yemhepo, paine chikonzero chekuti vape Komisheni neveruzhinji. nechikonzero chakadzama chekuregererwa kwakadaro.

Ongorora clause

Rugwaro rwakabvumiranwa nechinguvana runodaidza European Commission kuti iongorore mwero wemhando yemhepo kubudikidza 2030 uye makore mashanu ega ega anotevera, kuitira kuongorora sarudzo dzekuenzanisa neazvino WHO nhungamiro uye humbowo hwesainzi. Mukuongorora kwayo, Komisheni inofanirawo kuongorora zvimwe zvipimo zvegwaro, zvinosanganisira izvo zvekumisikidza kusvika kwemazuva ekupedzisira uye pakusvibiswa kwemukati memiganhu.

Zvichienderana nekuongorora kwayo, Komisheni inofanira kubva yaisa zvikumbiro zvekugadzirisa hunhu hwemhepo, zvinosanganisira zvimwe zvinosvibisa uye/kana kufungidzira imwe danho rinofanira kutorwa padanho reEU.

Kuwana kururamisira uye kodzero yekuripwa

Murairo wakarongwa unoisa zvisungo zvekuona kuwanikwa kwekururamisira kune avo vane chido chakakwana uye vanoda kupikisa kuitwa kwayo, kusanganisira hutano hweveruzhinji uye maNGOs ezvakatipoteredza. Chero nzira yekutonga kana yekutonga yekuongorora inofanirwa kuve zvakanaka, panguva yakakodzera uye kwete kudhura zvakanyanya, uye mashoko anoshanda pamusoro pemuitiro uyu anofanira kuitwa kuti awanikwe pachena.

Pasi pemitemo mitsva iyi, nyika dziri nhengo dzaizofanira kuona kuti izvozvo vagari vane kodzero yekutora uye kuwana muripo uko kukanganisa kwehutano hwavo kwakaitika nekuda kwekutyora kwemaune kana kuregeredza kwemitemo yenyika inopfuudza zvimwe zviga zvekuraira.

Chinyorwa sezvakagadziridzwa nevamiriri vemitemo zvakare chinojekesa nekuwedzera zvinodiwa kuti nyika dziri nhengo dzitange. zvinobudirira, zvakaenzanirana uye zvisingafadzi zvirango kune avo vanotyora matanho akatorwa ekuita chirevo. Sezviri kushanda, ivo vachazofanira kufunga nezve kuomarara uye nguva yekukanganisa, ingave ichidzokororwa, uye vanhu uye zvakatipoteredza zvakakanganiswa nazvo, pamwe neiyo chaiyo kana inofungidzirwa hupfumi hwehupfumi hunobva mukutyorwa.

Mufananidzo ne Frédéric Paulussen on Unsplash

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