2.2 bhiriyoni vanhu varombo kana vari pedyo-varombo, inoyambira 2014 Human Development Report pamusoro pekusagadzikana uye kusimba.

Kuramba kuri munjodzi kunotyisidzira kukura kwevanhu. Kunze kwekunge yanyatsogadziriswa nemitemo nemagariro evanhu, kufambira mberi hakuzove kwakaenzana kana kugadzikana. Uyu ndiwo musimboti wegwaro re2014 Human Development Report, rakaburitswa musi wa23 Chikunguru neUnited Nations Development Programme (UNDP). Entitled Kutsigira Kufambira Mberi Kwevanhu: Kuderedza Kusagadzikana uye Kuvaka Resilience, chirevo chinopa maonero matsva pamusoro pekusagadzikana uye inopa nzira dzekusimbisa kusimba.

Zvinoenderana nemari-yakavakirwa zviyero zvehurombo, 1.2 bhiriyoni vanhu vanogara nemadhora 1.25 kana pasi pazuva. Zvisinei, fungidziro dzichangoburwa dzeUNDP Multidimensional Poverty Index dzinoratidza kuti vanhu vanoda kusvika bhiriyoni 1.5 munyika dzichiri kusimukira 91 vari kurarama muurombo nekushayikwa kwakawanda muutano, dzidzo uye mararamiro. Uye kunyangwe urombo huri kuderera zvachose, vanhu vangangoita mamirioni mazana masere vari panjodzi yekudzokera muhurombo kana zvipingamupinyi zvikaitika. "Nokugadzirisa kusagona, vanhu vose vanogona kugoverana mukufambira mberi kwebudiriro, uye kubudirira kwevanhu kuchawedzera kuenzana uye kusingagumi," akadaro UNDP Administrator Helen Clark nhasi. Gwaro re800 Human Development Report rinouya panguva yakaoma, sezvo pfungwa dzichienda pakugadzirwa kwehurongwa hutsva hwebudiriro zvichitevera zuva rekupedzisira ra2014 rekuzadzisa Zvinangwa zveMillennium Development.

 Kuzeya pane izvo zvinodzora kufambira mberi

Chirevo ichi chinobata kuti sezvo matambudziko achipararira nekukurumidza uye zvichienda mberi, zvakakosha kuti unzwisise kusagadzikana kuitira kuchengetedza kuwana uye kuenderera mberi. Inonongedzera kudzikira mukukura kwekukura kwevanhu munzvimbo dzese, sekuyerwa neHuman Development Index (HDI). Inoti kutyisidzira kwakadai sekunetsa kwemari, kuderera kwemitengo yezvekudya, njodzi dzinongoitika dzoga uye kurwisana kunokanganisa zvakanyanya kufambira mberi. "Kuderedza hurombo uye kutadza kwevanhu kuti vawire muurombo kunofanira kuva chinangwa chikuru chechirongwa chemashure me2015," Report inodaro. “Kubvisa urombo hwakanyanya hakusi kungosvika pa“zero” chete; ndezvekugarawo ikoko.”

Kukura kwevanhu lenzi yekuti ndiani ari panjodzi uye nei

"Kuderedza kusagadzikana ndicho chinhu chakakosha mune chero chirongwa chekuvandudza budiriro yevanhu," anonyora mubairo weNobel Joseph Stiglitz, mupiro kumushumo. "[Isu] tinofanirwa kusvika pazviri kubva pakuona kwehurongwa hwese." Chirevo cha2014 chinotora nzira yakadai, uchishandisa lenzi yebudiriro yemunhu kuti atarise patsva kusazvibata senjodzi inopindirana uye inosimbisana. Inotsvaga kusakanganiswa kwezvimiro - izvo zvakaramba zviripo uye zvakawedzera nekufamba kwenguva nekuda kwerusarura uye kutadza kwemasangano, mapoka anokuvadza akadai sevarombo, vakadzi, vanoenda kune dzimwe nyika, vanhu vanorarama nehurema, mapoka echivanhu uye vanhu vakwegura. Somuenzaniso, 80 muzana yevakweguru pasi rose havana dziviriro munzanga, nenhamba huru dzevakwegurawo varombo uye vakaremara.

Chirevo ichi chinosumawo zano rekusagadzikana kwehupenyu, nzvimbo dzakasimba muhupenyu uko kuvhunduka kunogona kuve nekukanganisa kukuru. Zvinosanganisira mazuva 1,000 ekutanga ehupenyu, uye shanduko kubva kuchikoro kuenda kubasa, uye kubva kubasa kuenda pamudyandigere. “Kugona kuungana kwehupenyu hwemunhu uye kunofanirwa kuchengetwa nekuchengetwa; zvikasadaro anogona kudzika uye kunyange kuderera,” rinonyevera kudaro. "Kugona kwehupenyu kunokanganiswa nekudyara kwakaitwa mumatanho apfuura ehupenyu, uye panogona kuve nemhedzisiro yenguva refu yekusangana nekukatyamadzwa kwenguva pfupi."

Somuenzaniso, mune imwe tsvakurudzo yakataurwa neReport, vana varombo muEcuador vakaratidzwa kuti vatove vatove vasina ruzivo rwemashoko nezera remakore matanhatu.Kupindira panguva yakakodzera-yakadai sekudyara mukukura kwevana vaduku-saka kwakakosha, Report inotaura.

 Nyika dzine urombo dzinokwanisa kuwana hurongwa hwepasi rose hwemabasa ezvemagariro evanhu

Chirevo ichi chinotsigira kupihwa kwepasirese kwemabasa ekutanga emagariro ekusimudzira kusimba, achiramba pfungwa yekuti nyika dzakapfuma chete ndidzo dzinokwanisa kuita izvi. Inopa ongororo yekuenzanisa yenyika dzematanho emari akasiyana uye masisitimu ehurumende anga atanga kuita kana kuita zvizere mitemo yakadai. Nyika idzi hadzingosanganisire vanhu vanongofungirwa fungidziro vakaita seDenmark, Norway neSweden, asiwo hupfumi huri kukura nekukurumidza seRepublic of Korea nenyika dzichiri kusimukira dzakaita seCosta Rica. "Nyika idzi dzakatanga kuisa zviyero zveinishuwarenzi yemagariro apo Gross Domestic Product (GDP) pamunhu yakaderera pane yeIndia nePakistan ikozvino," Report inodaro.

Zvisinei, “panogona kuva nenguva apo mikana yakaenzana inoda kubatwa zvisina kuenzana,” anodaro Khalid Malik, Mutungamiriri weUNDP’s Human Development Report Office. “Zviwanikwa nerubatsiro rwakakura zvingada kupihwa kuvarombo, vasingabatwi nevakashorwa kuti vawedzere kugona kwemunhu wese uye sarudzo dzehupenyu.

 Kudzosera basa rakazara pamusoro pehurongwa hwepasi rose

Chirevo chinodaidzira kuti hurumende dzidzokere kuchinangwa chebasa rakazara, hwaro hwemacroeconomic marongero ema1950s nema1960s ayo akapfuudzwa nemakwikwi ehurongwa hwezvinangwa zvichitevera kuvhunduka kwemafuta kuma1970. Inotaura kuti basa rakazara rinopa migove yemagariro inopfuura zvikomborero zvega, zvakadai sekusimudzira kugadzikana kwevanhu uye kubatana. Kubvuma matambudziko akatarisana nenyika dzichiri kusimukira maererano nekuita basa rakazara, inokurudzira kutariswa kweshanduko yezvimiro "kuitira kuti basa remazuva ano ribatanidze vazhinji vevashandi," kusanganisira shanduko kubva mukurima kuenda kumaindasitiri nemasevhisi, nekutsigira mari muzvivakwa uye. dzidzo.

Kuchengetedzwa kwevanhu kunogoneka panguva yekutanga kwebudiriro

Ruzhinji rwevanhu pasi rose havana kuchengetedzwa kwakadzama munharaunda senge penjeni uye inishuwarenzi yekurovha. Chirevo chinopokana kuti matanho akadai anowanikwa nenyika pamatanho ese ebudiriro. "Kupa rubatsiro rwekuchengetedza magariro kune varombo pasi rose kunodhura zvishoma kudarika zvikamu zviviri kubva muzana zveGDP yepasi rose," inodaro. Inotsanangura fungidziro yemutengo wekupa hwaro hwekuchengetedzwa kwevanhu pasi-kusanganisira hukuru hwepasirese hwekuchembera nekuremara, mabhenefiti ekutanga ekuchengeta vana, kuwanikwa kwese kune hutano hwakakosha, rubatsiro rwemagariro uye chirongwa chemazuva zana chebasa-ye2 inotambira mari shoma muAfrica. uye nyika dzeAsia, kubva pazvikamu gumi kubva muzana zveGDP muBurkina Faso kusvika pasi pe100 muzana yeGDP muIndia. "Chirongwa chekuchengetedza nzanga chinokwanisika chero nyika dzine mari shoma dzichigovera mari uye kusimudza zviwanikwa zvemumba, pamwe nerutsigiro kubva kune vanopa pasi rose," inodaro.

Kushanda pamwe chete, kuita kwakarongeka kunodiwa padanho repasi rose

Chirevo ichi chinodawo kuita kwakasimba kwekubatana, pamwe nekudyidzana kurinani kwepasirese uye kuzvipira kugadzirisa kusimba, mukupindura kusasimba kuri kuwedzera pasi rose mumavambo nemhedzisiro. Kutyisidzirwa kubva kumatambudziko emari kusvika kukuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze kusvika kumakakatanwa ari munyika, asi mhedzisiro yacho inowanikwa munharaunda uye munyika uye kazhinji inopindirana. Tora nyaya yeNiger, iyo yakatarisana nedambudziko rakakura rekudya nekudya kunounzwa nekusanaya kwemvura kwakawanda. Panguva imwe cheteyo, Niger yaitofanira kutsungirira kuwanda kwevapoteri vaitiza hondo muMali yakavakidzana nayo. Kutyisidzira kwemunyika yose hakugone kugadziriswa nenyika dzakazvimiririra; vanoda kutariswa kutsva kubva kunharaunda dzepasirese izvo zvinopfuura mhinduro dzenguva pfupi serubatsiro rwevanhu, mushumo unopokana.

Kuwedzera kutsigirwa kwezvirongwa zvenyika uye kuzarura nzvimbo yemitemo yenyika kuti dzigadzirise zvisikwa zvose kune dzimwe nyika mamiriro ezvinhu, mushumo unoda "kubvumirana kwenyika dzakawanda pamusoro pekuchengetedzwa kwevanhu vose" kuti ibatanidzwe mumusangano wepashure-2015.

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