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Asylum uye kutama muEU: Chokwadi uye manhamba

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5 makore apfuura

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Isu tinoshandisa kusaina kwako kukupa zvirimo munzira dzawakabvumira uye kuvandudza manzwisisiro edu pamusoro pako. Unogona kuzvibvisa chero nguva.

Denda reCCIDID-19 rave nekukanganisa kusati kwamboitika pakuyerera kwekufamba muEU. Zvirambidzo zvekufamba zvakaiswa muchiedza chedenda re coronavirus zvakakonzera kudzikiswa kwekutama, zviri pamutemo uye zvisiri pamutemo, sezvo nyika dzakavhara miganhu, nzira dzakaganhurirwa dzekutama zviri pamutemo uye kudzoreredza zvirongwa zvekutora vapoteri.

Zvakadaro, kukanganisa kuri muhurongwa hwehupoteri hweEU kwakafumurwa nekusvika kwevanotsvaga hupoteri vanopfuura miriyoni imwe chete muna 2015 vachiripo. Paramende yanga ichishanda pane zvikumbiro zvekugadzira mutemo wehupoteri weEurope wakajeka, unoshanda.

Pazasi iwe unowana ese akakodzera data nezve kutama muEurope, ndivanaani vanotamira kune dzimwe nyika, zviri kuitwa neEU kuti igadzirise mamiriro acho ezvinhu, uye kuti mari yakamira sei.

Tsanangudzo: Mupoteri chii? Chii chinonzi hupoteri?

Vanotsvaga hupoteri vanhu vanokumbira hupoteri zviri pamutemo kune imwe nyika nekuti vanotyira kuti hupenyu hwavo huri panjodzi munyika yavo.

Vapoteri vanhu vane kutya kwakadzikama kwekutambudzwa nekuda kwezvikonzero zverudzi, chitendero, nyika, zvematongerwo enyika kana nhengo yeboka revanhu rakagamuchirwa uye rinozivikanwa saizvozvi munyika yavakatambira. MuEU, iyo qualification directive inogadza nhungamiro yekupa dziviriro yenyika kune avo vanoida.

Parizvino vanhu vanobva kunze kweEU vanofanirwa kunyorera kuchengetedzwa munyika yekutanga yeEU yavanopinda. Kuisa chikumbiro kunoreva kuti vanove vanyoreri vehupoteri (kana vanotsvaga hupoteri). Vanowana chinzvimbo chehupoteri kana imwe nzira yedziviriro yepasi rose kana sarudzo yakanaka yaitwa nezviremera zvenyika.

Tsvaga zvimwe nezve zvikonzero zvekutama.

Sarudzo dzeAsylum muEU

Mumwedzi gumi yekutanga ye10, pakanga paine 390,000 zvikumbiro zvehupoteri muEU, 33% pasi penguva yakafanana ye2019. Muna 2018, pakanga pane zvikumbiro 634,700, zvakanyanya kuderera pane zvinopfuura mamiriyoni ezvikumbiro zvakanyoreswa muna 2015 uye 2016.

Kunyanya kuderera kukuru kwakaonekwa muGermany, France neItaly mumwedzi minomwe yekutanga ye2020. Pakanga pane zvishoma zvekutanga zvikumbiro kubva kuSyria (135,000 zvishoma pane avhareji ye2018 uye 2019, pasi 52%), Iraq (pasi 55%). uye Nigeria (pasi 58%).

Nekudaro, nhamba dzakakwira muSpain neRomania, pamwe nekuda kwekuwedzera kwezvikumbiro kubva kunyika dzeSouth America, kusanganisira Colombia (kusvika 102% paavhareji yemakore maviri apfuura) nePeru (76% kumusoro).

Makore matanhatu akaderera mukuyambuka bhodha zvisina kujairika

The European Border uye Coast Guard Agency inounganidza data pamusoro pekuyambuka zvisiri pamutemo kwemiganho yekunze yeEU yakanyoreswa nezviremera zvenyika.

Mu2015 uye 2016, vanopfuura mamiriyoni 2.3 kuyambuka zvisiri pamutemos vakaonekwa. Huwandu hwese hwekuyambuka zvisiri pamutemo muna Ndira-Mbudzi 2020 yakaderera kusvika ku114,300, iyo yakaderera mumakore matanhatu apfuura uye kuderera kwe10% zvichienzaniswa nenguva yakafanana muna 2019. Pasinei nekudonha kwe55%, Afghanistan inoramba iri imwe yenyika huru dzekwakabva vanhu vakaonekwa vachiita kuyambuka muganhu kusingaenzaniswi, pamwe chete neSyria, Tunisia neAlgeria.

Kuyambuka kweMedithera kwakaramba kuchiuraya, nevanhu 1,754 vanonzi vakafa kana kushaikwa muna 2020 zvichienzaniswa nevanhu zviuru zviviri nemakumi mapfumbamwe neshanu muna 2,095. Kusvika zvisiri pamutemo kuburikidza neCentral Mediterranean Route (kuItari neMalta) kwakawedzera ne2019% muna Ndira-Mbudzi 154 zvichienzaniswa nenguva imwe cheteyo. 2020.

Paive nevanopfuura zviuru makumi matatu nemazana mana vakadai muna 34,100, zvichienzaniswa nevanoda kusvika zviuru gumi nemazana nemazana mashanu muna 2020, neruzhinji rwevanhu vakasvika muLampedusa. Vanosvika muSpain, uye kunyanya kuCanary Islands, vakawedzera ne11,500% (2019) muna 46 zvichienzaniswa ne35,800.

Vazhinji vatsva vanosvika vanobva kunyika dziri kutambura nekuderera kwehupfumi kwete kurwisana. Kudzikira kwemari dzepasi rose kungango konzerawo maitiro aya. Kusvikira denda ravepo uye kugadziridzwa kwehupfumi kuri kuitika, kusashanda zvakanaka uye tarisiro yehutano icharamba iri kukurudzira kuti vanhu vauye kuEU.

Zvirikufungwa nevaEurope

Kutama kwave kuri pamberi peEU kwemakore. Matanho akati wandei akatorwa kugadzirisa mafambiro ekufambisa pamwe nekuvandudza hurongwa hwekupotera.

Kunyangwe zvazvo Eurobarometer ongororo kubva munaChikumi 2019 inoratidza kuti kutama yaive nyaya yechishanu huru yakapesvedzera sarudzo dzekuvhota dzevaEurope musarudzo dzegore iroro EU, Parlemeter 2020 ongororo yakanyoresa kuderera mukukosha. Inoonekwa senzvimbo huru yekusawirirana pakati peEU nehurumende dzenyika nehafu (47%) yevakapindura.

EU yakawedzera zvakanyanya mari yekutama, hupoteri uye mitemo yekubatanidza mushure mekuwedzera kwekutsvaga kwevanotsvaka hupoteri muna 2015. € 22.7 bhiriyoni inoenda kune kutama uye kutonga kwemuganhu bhajeti reEU re2021-2027, zvichienzaniswa ne €10bn yekutama nekupotera muna 2014-2020.

Dzidza zvakawanda nezvekuti EU inodzora sei kutama.

Vapoteri munyika

Pasi pose, nhamba yevanhu vari kutiza kutambudzwa, kurwisana nechisimba yasvika mamiriyoni 80. Izvi zvakaenzana neanenge murume wese, mukadzi nemwana muGermany vanomanikidzwa kubva mudzimba dzavo. Vana vanoita chikamu che40% chevapoteri vepasi rose.

Nyika dzine vapoteri vakawanda iTurkey, Colombia, Pakistan, Uganda neGermany. Chikamu gumi nenomwe kubva muzana chevapoteri pasi rose vanochengetwa nenyika dzakabudirira.

Tarisa uone infographic ye2019 Eurostat nhamba pane asylum zvikumbiro muEU naizvozvowo UNHCR nhamba dzehuwandu hwevapoteri munyika dzeEU.

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