Iyo EU Paramende Simba, Kusimba, uye Zvisina Kuitika 

Mumakore makumi mana nemashanu kubva pakaitwa sarudzo dzekutanga, Paramende yeEuropean yakashandurwa kubva pachitoro chekutaura nemitauro yakawanda kuenda kugungano rakasarudzwa zvakananga. Iriwo gungano rakakura zvakanyanya. The Single European Act, Maastricht Treaty, uye zvakanyanya chibvumirano cheLisbon zvese zvakasimudzira basa rayo. Asi pamberi pesarudzo dzegumi mwedzi unouya, aimbove Gurukota reIreland kuEurope Dick Roche akataura pachiitiko cheEU Reporter kuBrussels Press Club, achiyambira kuti kuve nemasimba akakosha emitemo uye masimba ekutarisa chimwe chinhu mashandisiro aanoita masimba aya, nyaya. Kunetseka kunomuka munzvimbo mbiri idzi kunoda kugadziriswa negumi^th Paramende.

Dick Roche achitaura paBrussels Press Club

The Bureaucratization yeParamende: Yakawedzera Simba, Isiri pamutemo 

Muna Chivabvu 2009 Center for European Policy Studies (CEPS) yakaburitsa gwaro rinoshanda rine zita rinonyandura "Paramende yeEuropean - Yakawedzera simba, haina pamutemo?"

Ongororo iyi yakaongorora chimiro cheparamende ichienda mu7^th mandate. Yakagumisa kuti Paramende yeEurope yakanga yabata kuwedzera kwenhengo dzayo zvakanaka kwazvo. 

Zvakatora maonero ekuti kukanganisa uko vamwe vaitya kubva mukuwedzera kweParamende hakuna kuitika kuti kuwedzera kweEU uye kuchinja kwechibvumirano kwakasiyana-siyana kwakaita kuti basa reParamende rive "rakanyanya kuoma", iro Paramende "yakawana mukati mechikamu chetatu chemasangano. EU masangano" uye kuti "kana Chibvumirano cheLisbon chikagadziriswa maitiro aya achasimbiswa zvakanyanya."

Ongororo iyi yakavharwa nekunetsekana pamusoro pekugona kweParamende kubata zvido zveveruzhinji uye yambiro yekuti kutadza kuita izvi kuchaisa raison d'étre sembiru yedemocracy yeEuropean Union ”- iri munjodzi. "

Chibvumirano cheLisbon chakatenderwa uye chakatanga kushanda musi wa 1 Zvita 2009 chichisimudzira basa reParamende, kushandura chiyero pakati pekubvunzana nekuita sarudzo, kuwedzera sarudzo yekudyidzana kune zvekurima, hove, simba, kubuda kwevanhu, mari yezvimiro, uye pfuma yehungwaru, nzvimbo dzaifanirwa kubvunzurudzwa Paramende, uye yakagadzira nzvimbo itsva umo mutongo uchashanda pamwe chete.

Bureaucratization

CEPS yakaona kuti basa reParamende richiwedzera uye richinyanya kuoma, Paramende yakawedzera kutsamira pamakomiti ayo, sarudzo dzakaramba dzichitorwa mukati memakomiti eParamende kwete muhurukuro dzePlenary, nezvisarudzo zvakawanda zvakatorwa mushure mekuverenga kamwe chete muParamende. Tumira Chibvumirano cheLisbon chinoshandura maitiro acho akawedzera. 

MuParamende yeEU yanhasi, kuongororwa kwekutanga kwezvikumbiro zvemutemo zvakatambirwa kubva kuKomisheni kunoitika mumakomiti. Kana chirevo chemutemo chikatambidzwa kukomiti mumiriri - anosarudzwa ne 'points system' yakaoma inoratidza kukura kwemapoka ezvematongerwo enyika muParamende - anonyora mhinduro inozoenda kuParamende kuti ibvume. Mapoka ezvematongerwo enyika anogadza ma'shadow rapporteurs' kuti vaone kuti maonero avo anomiririrwa. Zvakabuda munhaurirano dzeKomiti, muchimiro chechisarudzo nekugadzirisa, zvinoenda kumisangano yedare repamusoro apo zvinokakavadzana nekuvhoterwa.  

Pamusoro pebasa rinoitwa muMakomiti eParamende, nhaurirano dzepakati peParamende, Kanzuru, neKomisheni dzinoita basa guru muhurongwa uhu. Misangano inozivikanwa sematrilogues inoda kumisa chibvumirano chenguva pfupi pakati peKanzuru neParamende neKomisheni "inoyananisa" pakati pevamiriri vemitemo kubatsira 'kugadzirisa kusawirirana. Paramende inomiririrwa nasachigaro, mutauriri, uye vanyori venhau veKomiti iri kubata bumbiro remitemo.     

Mukutaura kwekutonga chete gadziriro idzi dzine musoro. Vanobvumira mabasa akasiyana-siyana emitemo kuti agadziriswe panguva ipi zvayo. Vanobvumira misiyano kuti igadziriswe uye zvibvumirano zviwanikwe. Izvi zvinoita kuti Paramende ikwanise kupasisa zvikumbiro 'pamusoro'. Basa rakatoitwa pamberi pemavhoti eplenary.  

Kubudirira kwekutonga asi kunouya nekutevedzana kwekuderera. Nepo nhaurirano dzeParamende nemaKomisheni ayo dziri muruzhinji basa rakawanda rekugadzirisa chibvumirano rinoitwa kure neruzhinji. Vashoma chete veMEPs vanobatanidzwa kune chero akakosha degree. Zvakawanda zvemaitiro acho hazvina kujeka. 

CEPS yakayambira kuti 'bureaucratization' yemaitiro emitemo inodzikisira basa reParamende seforamu yeruzhinji uye nzvimbo yekukakavadzana uye yakasimbisa matambudziko maviri anogona kuitika. 

Chekutanga, sezvo kuumbwa kwekomiti yega kungave kusingamiriri Paramende izere, sarudzo dzinobuda mukomiti hadzisi kuzogara dzichiratidza maonero nezvinonetsa muparamende yose panyaya ipi zvayo. 

Chechipiri, kana plenary ikatora seti yezvikumbiro zvemutemo zvichibva pawirirano yakafanotaurirana mukomiti pane mukana mudiki wegakava chairo. 

Kuderedza mwero wegakava rakavhurika kunoganhura mukana wekutora pfungwa dzeveruzhinji pabasa riri kuitwa neParamende. Izvo zvisingaonekwe neveruzhinji hazvikoshesi. 

Urongwa uhwu hunorevawo kuti pane mukana mudiki wekuratidza huwandu hwakazara hwechiitiko cheMEPs uye nekubatanidza zvinonetsa, zvishuwo, uye zvishuwo zvemamiriyoni evagari veEU vavanomiririra mumutemo unopfuudza paramende. 

Iyo opaqueness yemaitiro zvakare inodyisa mukutsoropodza uye kufungidzira nezveParamende.  

Zvese izvi zvinotsigira kushushikana kweECPS kuti "munguva dzekusatenda nezvekuwedzera kubatanidzwa kweEU uye kuwedzera kusakendenga kwevavhoti nezvesarudzo dzeEurope" kuumbwa kwemutemo "kunogona kukanganisa paramende uye kubatanidzwa kweEurope mukufamba kwenguva." 

Izvo zvakacherechedzwa muna Chivabvu 2009 zvichiri kushanda muna Chivabvu 2024.

Relinquishing Control. 

Pamusoro pebasa rayo semumiriri wemitemo, Paramende yeEU inopihwa basa rekutarisa basa reKomisheni nemamwe mapato eEU. 

Zvibvumirano zvinopa kuti Paramende inobvumidza kugadzwa kweMutungamiriri weKomisheni, inobvumidza uye European Commission, inogona kutsoropodza Komisheni uye pakupedzisira kuibvisa. 

Komisheni inosungirwa kuendesa mishumo kuParamende kusanganisira mushumo wepagore wezviitwa zveEU uye bhajeti reEU. Mutungamiri weKomisheni anopa hurukuro yegore negore yeNyika yeMubatanidzwa kuParamende. 

Komisheni inogonawo kukumbirwa neParamende kuti itange mitemo mitsva; kuti inosarudza kudaro inyaya yeKomisheni. 

Kunyange izvi zvinotaridzika zvinoshamisa pamapepa huwandu hwekutonga kwezuva nezuva hunoitwa neParamende pamusoro peKomisheni hushoma. Kudzora ikoko kunodzikiswa zvakare nekurova nhando kuKomisheni. Pfungwa iyi inoratidzirwa nemaitiro eParamende ekuda kuziva mibvunzo yeParamende (PQs). 

PQs dzinoonekwa zvakanyanya sechishandiso chekubata hurumende nemasangano makuru kuti vazvidavirire pazvinhu zvezuva nezuva. Nepo mamwe maParamende achidzivirira zvakasimba maPQ masisitimu avo handizvo neParamende yeEU. 

Mumakore gumi apfuura, kwave nekuyedza kudzvanya hurongwa hwePQ muparamende yeEU. 

Zvikamu zvitatu zvemibvunzo yeparamende inotorwa muParamende yeEU: mibvunzo yemhinduro yemuromo ine gakava, mibvunzo yemuromo inotorwa muNguva yeMubvunzo, uye mibvunzo yemhinduro yakanyorwa. 

Mibvunzo ye 'mhinduro yemuromo ine gakava' inotariswa mumisangano yeParamende. Mibvunzo iyi inofanirwa kuunzwa neKomiti yeParamende, boka rezvematongerwo enyika, kana ne40 MEPs. 

Nguva yemubvunzo, kazhinji chinotariswa neruzhinji muParamende yenyika, kana iri Paramende yeEU, inyaya yakamanikidzwa. Nguva inodarika maminitsi makumi mapfumbamwe panguva yedare reParamende inopihwa nguva yekubvunza mibvunzo. Munguva yemubvunzo wega wega PQs pa "rimwe kana mamwe chaiwo akachinjika madingindira" anotorwa. Madingindira achabvunzwa mibvunzo anotarwa kwasara mwedzi mumwe kuti chikamu chechikamu chiitwe neMusangano weVatungamiri veParamende.  

Magwaro emibvunzo yemuromo inenge yajekeswa kuti ienderere mberi pahurongwa hunofanirwa kupihwa Komisheni kwasara svondo rimwe chete kuti Paramende igare iyo ichaitwa. Pamibvunzo kuKanzuru, nguva yekuzivisa imavhiki matatu. 

MEPs vanosarudzwa kutora chikamu munguva yemibvunzo yemuromo, vane miniti imwe yekuisa mibvunzo yavo uye vanopihwa masekonzi makumi matatu emubvunzo wekuwedzera unomuka pamhinduro yeKomisheni. Komisheni ine maminetsi maviri ekupindura mubvunzo uye mamwe maminetsi maviri ekupindura chero mubvunzo wekuwedzera.  

Mizhinji yemibvunzo inobatwa muParamende yeEU mibvunzo yemhinduro yakanyorwa. 

Mibvunzo yakanyorwa inogona kuiswa nemunhu kana boka reMEPs. Mibvunzo inoongororwa mukati meParamende pachayo isati yaendeswa kuKomisheni kuti igadziriswe. MEPs inogona kusasimudza nyaya iyo "Komisheni yakatozivisa Paramende" nezvenyaya yemubvunzo.  

Nhengo dzeParamende yeEurope inobvumirwa kuendesa mibvunzo yakawanda yeparamende ye20, yakanyorwa kana nemuromo, pamusoro pe "nguva yemwedzi mitatu". PQ imwe chete pamwedzi inogona kusarudzirwa mhinduro 'yekutanga' Mibvunzo yakakosha inofanirwa kupindurwa mukati memavhiki matatu. Mibvunzo isiri-yekutanga inofanirwa kupindurwa mumavhiki matanhatu.

Slow uye Slipshod Mhinduro

Nepo kuendesa kwePQs kuri pasi pezvipingamupinyi zvakatevedzana, hurongwa hunodzora mabatiro eKomisheni nemaPQs hune hukasha kusvika pakusavepo.   

Mhinduro ku "mibvunzo yekutanga" inofanirwa kupihwa mukati memavhiki matatu. Zuva rekupedzisira iri rinoremekedzwa mukutyora kudarika kucherechedzwa, kunyanya apo nyaya yacho 'inonyadzisa' Komisheni.  

Mubvunzo wakakosheswa wakaunzwa nemaMEP mana muna Chikunguru 2022 pamusoro penyaya yakaoma yemameseji pakati peKomisheni Mutungamiri von der Leyen Commission uye CEO wePfizer haina kupindurwa kusvika Kurume 2023.

Mubvunzo wakakosha wekumisa EU-Israel Association Agreement yakaunzwa nemaIrish MEPs maviri muna Mbudzi 2023 haina kuwana mhinduro kweinoda kusvika mwedzi mitanhatu.  

Mibvunzo isingakoshesi yakanyorwa inofanirwa kupindurwa mumavhiki matanhatu. Nguva pfupi yadarika yakaverengerwa kuti akawanda anosvika makumi mapfumbamwe muzana eese maPQ akadaro anopindurwa nguva yapera. 

Pamusoro pemaitiro akajairika ekusangana nenguva dzakatarwa dzekupa mhinduro kuPQs, Komisheni inotora mhinduro yakasarudzika kune zviri mumhinduro. Mhinduro dzePQ dzinoshoropodzwa sekunzvenga nyaya dzakasimudzwa, sezvisina kukwana, zvisina kukwana, kurasisa, kudzinga, kwete kugaro ganhurana nekusaremekedza, uye dzimwe nguva nhema. 

Ese aya mapoinzi akaratidzwa mumhinduro dzeKomisheni kune dzakatevedzana dzePQ dzakaiswa neMEPs kubva kumativi ese ezvematongerwo enyika zvine chekuita neshumo yakabudiswa muna Kurume 2023 neEuropean Insurance uye Occupational Pension Authority, EIOPA yakakurukurwa munguva pfupi yapfuura mune imwe chinyorwa muEU Reporter [ https://www.eureporter.co/world/romania/2024/01/25/keeping-the-european-parliament-in-the-dark-about-eiopa/

Pakati paKurume 2023 naKukadzi 2024, Komisheni yakapindura mibvunzo gumi nembiri ine chekuita neEIOPA. Mimwe mibvunzo inonzwisiswa kunge yakaodzwa mwoyo panguva ye'vetting process' pachikonzero chekuti nyaya yanga yatogadziriswa. 

 Dzinenge mhinduro dzese dzakapihwa panhau iyi dzakatadza kuzadzisa nguva yakatarwa yemavhiki matanhatu. Mhinduro dzese dzakapihwa dzinogona kutsanangurwa sedzisina kukwana. Manongedzo akataurwa neKomisheni mune dzimwe dzemhinduro dzePQ akatungamira kune magwaro angave 'akarambwa' kana kuti akaiswa ndima dzakakosha. Kusvika kuEIOPA report pachayo kwakarambwa. Mhinduro dzakapiwa dzaive dzekuzvidzivirira, dzekunzvenga, kana kuti zvese.

Panogona kuve nekukahadzika kudiki kuti tenor uye zvirimo zvePQ mhinduro dzakapihwa hazvizotenderwe muparamende yenyika. 

Mushure mekubvunza mibvunzo kwemwedzi yakawanda, Komisheni yakabvuma kuti yakanga isati yaona chirevo cheEIOPA. Vachipindura mubvunzo wekuti yakataura sei zvinonetsa zvakaburitswa mumushumo, zvayakanga isati yaona, Komisheni yakataura kuti "zvinogona kufungidzirwa kuti EIOPA" yaive nekunetsekana nenyaya iyi. Ruzivo rwezvinetswa izvi kana hwaro hwazvo hazvina kutaurwa mune imwe yemhinduro.  

Zvakaoma kufungidzira nhengo dzedare reparamende dzakatemwa nematombo kwemwedzi yakati rebei pamibvunzo pamusoro pedare repamusoro richitambira mhinduro iyo gwaro rakakosha harina kumboona pasina kupokana.

Chichemo chakaitwa kuOmbudsman pamusoro pemabatirwo akaitwa maPQ neKomisheni panyaya iyi. Izvi hazvina kwazvakasvika. Ombudsman akatora maonero ekuti mabatiro anoita Komisheni maPQ inyaya yezvematongerwo enyika kwete yekutonga uye, saka, haisi nyaya yekuongororwa nehofisi yeOmbudsman. Muchidimbu, Komisheni inogona kutanga, kutsausa, kana kunyepa mukupindura mubvunzo weParamende uye Ombudsman akatadza kuongorora nyaya yacho. 

Kuderera kwePQs 

Pakave nekudzikira kwakanyanya muhuwandu hwePQs muParamende yeEU mumakore gumi apfuura. Kuderera uku kwave kwakanyanya panguva yekutumwa kweParamende iri kubuda. 

Huwandu hwePQs dzakabatwa muParamende yeEU hwakakwira kusvika pasi pe15,500 muna 2015. Kuburikidza nemirairo ye8.^th uye 9^th MaParamende, nhamba yemibvunzo yakabatwa nayo yakaderera zvikuru. Muna 2023 chete mibvunzo 3,703 yakapindurwa muParamende yeEuropean. 

Mumakore mana 2020 kusvika 2023, ingangoita zviuru makumi maviri nemazana mashanu eParamende Mibvunzo yakatariswa neParamende yeEuropean. Nenzira yekuenzanisa, pakati paFebruary 20,500 naNovember 2020 pamusoro pe2023 mibvunzo yeparamende yakabatwa muDail Eireann, Paramende yeIrish. 

Zvinoshamisa, kudzikira kunoshamisa kwePQs muParamende yeEU kwakwezva kutariswa neveruzhinji. Zvinotoshamisa kuti haisati yave nyaya yekusundirwa kumashure muParamende yeEU pachayo. 

Nepo kusabatika kunoshamisa mukati meParamende yeEU kusvika pakudzikira kwePQ semudziyo wekuvimbisa kupindurwa kwevakuru kuri kushamisa, zvinotonyanya kushamisa inyaya yekuti chikamu chesimba rekumanikidza 'kuuraya' mibvunzo yeparamende yabva mukati meParamende yeEU. pacharo. 

Iyo Draft Rules of Procedure yakatenderedzwa muna 2014 yaive nereferensi yekuchengetedza huwandu hwemibvunzo mukati me "zvinonzwisisika miganhu." 

Memo yemukati yakabudiswa muParamende panguva imwe chete nemushandi mukuru anoremekedzwa zvikuru weparamende yakasimbisa kukosha kweku "kuderedza mukana" mune zvimwe zviitiko zveMEP, kutumira mibvunzo yakanyorwa pakati pavo. 

Muna Kubvumbi 2015 mubvunzo weparamende wakaiswa nenhengo yeS&D yakashanda semutauriri wemumvuri pabhajeti reEU 2016 yakataura chokwadi chekuti "nhamba yemibvunzo yakanyorwa yakaunzwa neMEPs kuKomisheni iri kuramba ichikwira" uye akataura kuti "mafashamo. yemibvunzo yakanyorwa inofanira kuva mutoro mukuru paKomisheni”. Zvinoshamisa, MEP yakanyora kuti "akakwanisa kunyengetedza mapoka makuru ezvematongerwo enyika kuti asvike pakubvumirana panyaya" yekudzikisa huwandu hwemibvunzo yeparamende. [ https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/P-8-2015-006180_EN.html]. 

Vachipindura PQ Commissioner Timmermans vakataura "kukosha kukuru" uko Komisheni yakanamatira ku "kodzero yeParamende yekuongorora gutsaruzhinji". Komisheni akataurawo nezve "nhamba iri kuramba ichiwedzera yemibvunzo (mimwe 13,100 muna 2013, 10,800 muna 2014, gore resarudzo uye 6,000 mumwedzi mina yekutanga ya2015) inosanganisira mari yakawanda kuKomisheni." 

VaTimmermans vakaisa mutengo pamubvunzo wega wega muna 2015 pa €490 paPQ. Akatsanangura kuti nekuda kwekuti Komisheni yakashanda "nechikonzero chemutemo wekubatana" mhinduro kumubvunzo wega wega wakanyorwa yaifanira kuenda "nenzira yekupa, kunyora, kusimbiswa, kurongeka kwevashandi, kubvumirana kwevadzidzi, uye pakupedzisira kududzira."

Zvichienderana nemubvunzo wega wega unodhura € 490 kupindura mibvunzo 15,489 yakarongwa gore iroro, inodhura kupfuura € 7.5 miriyoni isingatarisike nhamba asi chikamu chidiki chemutengo wekufambisa Komisheni.  

Mari yeDemocratic.

Bepa reECPS ra2009 rakagumisa kuti kana Chibvumirano cheLisbon chikatenderwa Paramende yaizowana imwe nzvimbo mukati me "nzvimbo yetatu yemasangano eEU". 

Kutenda kuIrish Referendum ye2 Gumiguru 2009 Chibvumirano cheLisbon chakagamuchirwa. Yakatanga kushanda muna Zvita 2009. 

Sezvambotaurwa pakutanga, bepa reCEPS rakayambira kuti kana Paramende - yawana mukana nekubvumidzwa kweLisbon - ikatadza kubata zvido zveveruzhinji panguva imwe chete iyo masangano ayo. raison kuva sezvo mbiru yedemocracy yeEuropean Union ingave iri munjodzi. 

Anenge makore gumi nemashanu mushure mekunge Chibvumirano cheLisbon chatanga kushanda pakati peKomisheni neParamende inoramba yakarerekera kune yekutanga.   

Hurongwa hwekufambiswa kwemabasa mukati meParamende hwaramba huchienderera mberi sekuonekwa kweParamende ine simba rekudaidza Komisheni kuti izvidavirire. 

Paramende isina kuchena inouya nemutengo wakakura. Sarudzo dzese nomwe dzeParamende yeEU pakati pa1984 na2014 dzakaona kudzikira kwevavhoti.

Pakaitwa sarudzo dzakananga muna 1979 nhamba yevavhoti yaive 63%. Vavhoti vakaderera mune imwe neimwe yesarudzo nomwe dzinotevera vachidzika pasi pasi pe43% muna 2014. Muna 2019 zvakakwira kusvika pa51%. Kunyange zvichikosha, kuwedzera kwa2019 kwevavhoti kuchiri kureva kuti vanopfuura 49% yevavhoti havana kuvhota.   

Iyo Spring 2023 Eurobarometer yakanyora kufarira kwevavhoti musarudzo dzeEurope sekugumira. Hafu chete yevakabvunzurudzwa vakatenda kuti kuvhota musarudzo dzeparamende yeEU kwakakosha, zvikamu zviviri muzvitatu zvakatenda kuti kuvhota musarudzo dzenyika kwakakosha. Spring 2024 Eurobarometer yakapa huwandu hune tariro hunoshuma kuti 71% yevavhoti muEU yose vakati vangangovhota musarudzo dzaChikumi. Kana chero chinhu chinosvika panhamba iyoyo chikaitika ichave shanduko inoshamisa. Tichaziva mumavhiki maviri chete. 

Europe yakatarisana nematambudziko akateedzana mumakore mashanu anotevera, iro basa reParamende iri kuuya. Kana EU ichida kuparidza nezve democracy inofanira kuonekwa ichizviita. Paramende yeEurope yakasimba uye ine simba inomiririra kusiyana-siyana kuri Europe ichave meseji yakakosha kuvagari vemuEurope uye nepasirese. 

Dick Roche aimbova Gurukota reIrish reEuropean Affairs. Mune iro basa, akaita basa rakasimba mureferendamu yeIrish yakasimbisa Chibvumirano cheLisbon.

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