Artificial intelligence act: Kanzuru neParamende vanorova chibvumirano pamitemo yekutanga yeAI munyika

Kutevera hurukuro dzemazuva matatu dze'marathon', mutungamiriri weKanzuru nevamiriri veParamende yeEuropean vasvika chibvumirano chenguva pfupi pachikumbiro chemitemo yakawiriraniswa pahungwaru hwekugadzira (AI), iyo inonzi inonzi artificial intelligence act. Chirevo chemutemo chine chinangwa chekuona kuti masisitimu eAI akaiswa pamusika weEuropean uye anoshandiswa muEU akachengeteka uye anoremekedza kodzero dzakakosha uye hunhu hweEU. Chikumbiro ichi chakakosha zvakare chine chinangwa chekusimudzira kudyara uye hunyanzvi paAI muEurope.

Uku kubudirira kwenhoroondo, uye chiitiko chikuru chakanangana neramangwana! Chibvumirano chanhasi chinogadzirisa zvinobudirira dambudziko repasi rose mumamiriro ehunyanzvi ari kukurumidza kushanduka panzvimbo yakakosha yeramangwana renzanga nehupfumi hwedu. Uye mukuedza uku, takakwanisa kuchengetedza chiyero chakapfava: kusimudzira hunyanzvi uye kutora kwehungwaru hwekugadzira muEurope yese tichiremekedza zvizere kodzero dzakakoshesesa dzevagari vedu.Carme Artigas, munyori weSpain wepasirese anoona nezve digitalisation uye artificial intelligence.

Chiito cheAI ndeche Flagship chirongwa chemutemo chine mukana wekusimudzira budiriro uye kutora kweyakachengeteka uye yakavimbika AI pamusika mumwe chete weEU nevanozvimiririra neveruzhinji. Pfungwa huru ndeye kudzora AI zvichibva pakugona kwekupedzisira kukonzeresa kukuvadza kunharaunda inotevera a 'Risk-based' swedera pedyo: iyo yakanyanya njodzi, iyo inoomesa mitemo. Sekutanga kurudziro yemutemo yerudzi rwayo munyika, inogona kuseta a chiyero chepasi rose yeAI mutemo mune mamwe masimba, sezvakaita GDPR, nekudaro kusimudzira nzira yeEurope yekutonga tekinoroji pasirese.

Zvinhu zvikuru zvechibvumirano chenguva

Kuenzaniswa nechikumbiro chekutanga cheKomisheni, zvinhu zvikuru zvitsva zvechibvumirano chenguva inogona kupfupikiswa sezvizvi:

• mitemo pa high-impact general-chinangwa AI modhi izvo zvinogona kukonzera systemic njodzi mune ramangwana, pamwe nepamusoro-njodzi AI masisitimu
• hurongwa hwakadzokororwa hwe utungamiriri nemamwe masimba ekumanikidza paEU level
• kuwedzera kwechinyorwa che zvirambidzo asi nemukana wekushandisa kureme biometric identification nezviremera zvekuchengetedza mutemo munzvimbo dzeveruzhinji, zvichienderana nedziviriro
• kuchengetedzwa kuri nani kwekodzero kuburikidza nechisungo chevadzimi vepamusoro-njodzi AI masisitimu ekuita a fundamental rights impact assessment usati waisa AI system mukushandisa.

Mune mamwe mazwi, chibvumirano chenguva inovhara zvinotevera zvinhu:

Tsanangudzo uye hukuru

Kuona kuti iyo tsananguro yeAI sisitimu inopa zvakakwana zvakajeka maitiro ekusiyanisa AI kubva nyore masisitimu esoftware, chibvumirano chebvumirano chinoyananisa tsananguro nenzira yakatsanangurwa neOECD.

Chibvumirano chenguva pfupi chinojekesawo kuti mutemo haushande kune nzvimbo dziri kunze kwemutemo weEU uye hazvifanirwe, chero zvakadaro, kukanganisa kugona kwenhengo dzenhengo mu. national security kana chero mubatanidzwa wakapihwa mabasa munzvimbo ino. Uyezve, iyo AI chiito haishande kune masisitimu anoshandiswa chete uto or kudzivirira zvinangwa. Saizvozvo, chibvumirano chinopa kuti mutemo waisazoshanda kune AI masisitimu anoshandiswa kune chinangwa chega tsvakurudzo uye innovation, kana kune vanhu vanoshandisa AI nekuda kwezvikonzero zvisiri zvehunyanzvi.

Kurongeka kweAI masisitimu seyakanyanya-njodzi uye yakarambidzwa AI maitiro

Chibvumirano chechibvumirano chinopa a horizontal layer yekudzivirira, kusanganisira kupatsanurwa kwenjodzi huru, kuve nechokwadi chekuti masisitimu eAI angangokonzeresa kutyorwa kwekodzero dzakakomba kana dzimwe njodzi dzakakosha hadzitorerwe. AI masisitimu anouya chete njodzi shoma yaizova pasi pechiedza chakanyanya pachena zvisungo, semuenzaniso kuburitsa kuti zvirimo zvaive zvakagadzirwa neAI kuitira kuti vashandisi vagone kuita sarudzo dzine ruzivo pakuwedzera kushandiswa.

Izvo zvakasiyana siyana ngozi huru AI masisitimu anotenderwa, asi achienderana neseti yezvinodiwa uye zvisungo kuti uwane mukana kumusika weEU. Izvi zvinodikanwa zvakajekeswa uye zvakagadziridzwa neve-co-legislators nenzira yekuti ivo vakawanda zvine hunyanzvi zvinogoneka uye zvishoma zvinoremedza kuti vanobatana vatevedzere, semuenzaniso maererano nemhando yedata, kana maererano nezvinyorwa zvehunyanzvi zvinofanirwa kudhirowa nemaSMEs kuratidza kuti maitiro avo ane njodzi yeAI anoenderana nezvinodiwa.

Sezvo masisitimu eAI akagadzirwa uye achigoverwa kuburikidza neakaomesesa kukosha maketani, chibvumirano chebvumirano chinosanganisira shanduko dzinojekesa kugoverwa kwemabasa uye mabasa evatambi vakasiyana-siyana mumaketani iwayo, kunyanya vanopa uye vashandisi veAI masisitimu. Inojekesawo hukama pakati pemabasa pasi peAI Act uye mabasa atovepo pasi pemimwe mitemo, seyakakodzera EU data kuchengetedza kana mutemo wechikamu.

Kune kumwe kushandiswa kweAI, njodzi inoonekwa zvisingagamuchiriki uye, naizvozvo, masisitimu aya acharambidzwa kubva kuEU. Chibvumirano chenguva inorambidza, semuenzaniso, kuziva kuzvibata, vasina chinangwa kukwesha yemifananidzo yechiso kubva painternet kana CCTV footage, kuziva manzwiro munzvimbo yebasa uye masangano edzidzo, zvemagariro zvibodzwa, biometric categorization kupa ruzivo rwakadzama, senge nyaya dzepabonde kana zvitendero, uye dzimwe nyaya dze kufanotaura mapurisa kune vanhu.

Kusiiwa kwemutemo

Tichifunga nezve hunhu hwe vamiriri vemitemo uye kukosha kwekuchengetedza kugona kwavo kushandisa AI mubasa ravo rakakosha, shanduko dzakati wandei pachikumbiro cheKomisheni dzakabvumiranwa zvine chekuita nekushandiswa kweAI masisitimu ekuchengetedza mutemo. Zvichienderana nezvakakodzera kuchengetedza, shanduko idzi dzinoitirwa kuratidza kudiwa kwekuremekedza kuvanzika kwe data rekushanda rinonzwisisika maererano nemabasa avo. Semuenzaniso, maitiro echimbichimbi akaunzwa achibvumira masangano ezvemitemo kuti atumire ine njodzi yakanyanya AI chishandiso icho chisati chapfuura. conformity assessment nzira kana pane kukurumidza. Nekudaro, imwe nzira yakaunzwa zvakare kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti kodzero dzakakosha ichave yakadzivirirwa zvakakwana kubva kune chero zvingangodaro kushandiswa zvisirizvo kweAI masisitimu.

Uyezve, maererano nekushandiswa kwechokwadi-nguva kureme biometric identification masisitimu ari munzvimbo dzinosvikika neveruzhinji, chibvumirano chenguva pfupi chinojekesa zvinangwa apo kushandiswa kwakadaro kwakanyatsokosheswa nezvinangwa zvekuchengetedza mutemo uye izvo zviremera zvekuchengetedza mutemo zvinofanirwa kubvumidzwa zvakasarudzika kushandisa masisitimu akadaro. Chibvumirano chekubvumirana chinobvumira dzimwe dziviriro uye inoganhurira kusarudzika uku kunyaya dzevakapara mhosva dzakati, kudzivirira kutyisidzira kwechokwadi, kwazvino, kana kunoonekwa, sekurwiswa kwemagandanga, uye kutsvaga vanhu vanofungirwa mhosva dzakakomba.

General chinangwa AI masisitimu uye nheyo modhi

Zvitsva zvitsva zvakawedzerwa kuti zvitarise mamiriro ezvinhu apo maAI masisitimu anogona kushandiswa kune zvakawanda zvakasiyana zvinangwa (chinangwa chikuru AI), uye uko general-chinangwa AI tekinoroji inozobatanidzwa mune imwe yakanyanya njodzi system. Chibvumirano chenguva pfupi zvakare chinogadzirisa zviitiko zvegeneral-chinangwa AI (GPAI) masisitimu.

Mitemo chaiyo yakabvumirana zvakare nheyo mienzaniso, masisitimu mahombe anokwanisa kuita nemazvo akasiyana emabasa akasiyana, akadai sekugadzira vhidhiyo, zvinyorwa, mifananidzo, kutaura mumutauro weparutivi, komputa, kana kugadzira kodhi yekombuta. Chibvumirano chenguva chinopa kuti nheyo dzenheyo dzinofanirwa kuenderana nezvakananga pachena zvisungo vasati vaiswa pamusika. Hutongi hwakasimba hwakaunzwa 'high impact' nheyo mienzaniso. Aya ndiwo enheyo modhi akadzidziswa nehuwandu hukuru hwe data uye nekuoma kwepamberi, kugona, uye kuita zvakanaka pamusoro peavhareji, iyo inogona kuparadzira njodzi dzehurongwa pamwe neketani yekukosha.

Chimiro chitsva chekutonga

Kutevera mitemo mitsva yeGPAI modhi uye kudiwa kuri pachena kwekutevedzwa kwavo padanho reEU, an AI Hofisi mukati meKomisheni inogadzwa basa rekutarisa aya emhando dzepamusoro dzeAI, kubatsira mukusimudzira mwero uye maitiro ekuyedza, uye kusimbisa mitemo yakafanana munyika dzese dziri nhengo. A sainzi panel yenyanzvi dzakazvimirira ichapa kuraira Hofisi yeAI nezveGPAI modhi, nekubatsira mukuvandudza nzira dzekuongorora kugona kwemamodhiyo enheyo, kupa zano pamusoro pekudomwa uye kubuda kwemhando yepamusoro yenheyo dzenheyo, uye kutarisa njodzi dzinogona kuitika dzekuchengetedza zvinhu zvine chekuita nenheyo modhi.

The AI Board, iyo inoumbwa nevamiriri venhengo dzenhengo, icharamba iri chikuva chekubatanidza uye dare rinopa zano kuKomisheni uye ichapa basa rakakosha kuNyika dzeNhengo pakuitwa kwemutemo, kusanganisira magadzirirwo emitemo yemaitiro emhando dzenheyo. Pakupedzisira, an Advisory forum kune vanobatana, vakadai sevamiriri veindasitiri, maSME, vanotanga, veruzhinji, uye vedzidzo, vachagadzirirwa kupa hunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi kuAI Board.

Penalties

Mari yefaindi yekutyorwa kwechiito cheAI yakaiswa sechikamu chechikamu chemari yepasi rose yekambani inotadza mugore rezvemari rapfuura kana huwandu hwakafanotarwa, chero huri pamusoro. Iyi ingave € 35 miriyoni kana 7% yekutyorwa kweakarambidzwa kunyorera AI, € 15 miriyoni kana 3% yekutyorwa kwechisungo cheAI uye € 7,5 miriyoni kana 1,5% yekupihwa kweruzivo rwusirirwo. Nekudaro, iyo chibvumirano chenguva inobvumira zvimwe proportion caps pamafaindi ekutonga eSMEs uye kutanga-up kana paine kutyorwa kwezvipimo zveAI chiito.

Chibvumirano chekubvumirana chinojekesawo kuti munhu wechisikigo kana wepamutemo anogona kunyunyuta kune akakodzera musika wekutarisa masimba maererano nekusatevedzera mutemo weAI uye anogona kutarisira kuti chichemo chakadaro chichabatwa maererano nemaitiro akazvipira echiremera ichocho.

Kujeka uye kuchengetedzwa kwekodzero dzakakosha

Chibvumirano chenguva chinopa a fundamental rights impact assessment isati yanyanya njodzi yeAI system yakaiswa mumusika nevashandisi vayo. Chibvumirano chenguva pfupi chinopawo kuwedzera Pachena maererano nekushandiswa kwepamusoro-njodzi AI masisitimu. Zvikurukuru, zvimwe zvisungo zvechikumbiro cheKomisheni zvakagadziridzwa kuratidza kuti vamwe vashandisi veakanyanya njodzi yeAI system vari masangano everuzhinji vachazosungirwa kunyoresa mu EU database kune yakanyanya-njodzi AI masisitimu. Zvakare, zvichangobva kuwedzerwa zvisungo zvinosimbisa chisungo chevashandisi ve emotion recognition system kuzivisa vanhu venyama pavanenge vachisangana nehurongwa hwakadai.

Matanho mukutsigira hutsva

Nechinangwa chekugadzira bumbiro remutemo rinonyanya kuvandudza-ushamwari uye kusimudzira humbowo-hwakavakirwa kudzora kudzidza, zvisungo zvine chekuita zviyero mukutsigira hutsva yakagadziridzwa zvakanyanya kana ichienzaniswa nechikumbiro cheKomisheni.

Zvikurukuru, zvakajekeswa kuti AI regulatory sandboxes, iyo inofanirwa kumisa nharaunda inodzorwa yekusimudzira, kuyedza uye kusimbiswa kwehunyanzvi hweAI masisitimu, inofanirwawo kubvumidza kuyedzwa kwehunyanzvi hweAI masisitimu mumamiriro ezvinhu epasirese. Uyezve, zvirongwa zvitsva zvakawedzerwa zvichibvumira yokuedzwa yeAI masisitimu mukati mamiriro chaiwo enyika, pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo uye dziviriro. Kurerutsa mutoro wekutonga kumakambani madiki, chibvumirano chenguva pfupi chinosanganisira rondedzero yezviito zvinofanirwa kuitwa kutsigira vafambisi vakadaro uye inopa kumwe kushomeka kwakaganhurirwa uye kwakajeka.

Kupinda musimba

Chibvumirano chenguva chinopa kuti chiito cheAI chinofanirwa kushanda makore maviri mushure mekupinda kwayo kushanda, kunze kwezvimwe zvezvipo zvakati.

Matanho anotevera

Kutevera chibvumirano chemazuva ano, basa richaenderera mberi padanho rehunyanzvi mumavhiki anouya kupedzisa ruzivo rwemutemo mutsva. Mutungamiri anozoendesa zvinyorwa zvebvumirano kuvamiriri venhengo dzenhengo (Coreper) kuti vabvumidzwe kana basa iri rapera.

Chinyorwa chese chinoda kusimbiswa nemasangano ese uye kudzokororwa zvemutemo-mutauro zvisati zvatorwa zviri pamutemo nevamiriri vemitemo.

Background ruzivo

Chikumbiro cheKomisheni, chakaunzwa muna Kubvumbi 2021, chinhu chakakosha chemutemo weEU kusimudzira budiriro uye kutora mumusika mumwe chete weAI yakachengeteka uye iri pamutemo inoremekedza kodzero dzakakosha.

Chikumbiro ichi chinotevera nzira yakatarisana nenjodzi uye inoisa pasi yunifomu, yakachinjika yemutemo chimiro cheAI ine chinangwa chekuona chokwadi chepamutemo. Iyo dhizaini regulation ine chinangwa chekusimudzira kudyara uye hunyanzvi muAI, kusimudzira hutongi uye kuteedzerwa kwakanaka kwemutemo uripo wekodzero dzakakosha uye chengetedzo, uye kufambisa kuvandudzwa kwemusika mumwe chete weAI zvikumbiro. Zvinofambirana nezvimwe zvirongwa, kusanganisira hurongwa hwakarongeka hwehungwaru hwekugadzira hunovavarira kukurumidza kudyara mari muAI muEurope. Musi wa6 Zvita 2022, Kanzuru yakasvika chibvumirano chenzira yakajairika (yekutaurirana mandate) pafaira iri uye ikapinda hurukuro dzepakati neEuropean Parliament ('trilogues') pakati paChikumi 2023.

• Artificial intelligence act, Council's General Approach, 6 Zvita 2022
• Artificial intelligence act, Commission chikumbiro, 14 Kubvumbi 2021
• Nzira yeEurope kune hungwaru hwekugadzira (European Comruzivo rwebasa)
• Ramangwana redhijitari reEurope (ruzivo rwekumashure)
• Hupenyu hwako pamhepo: maitiro eEU ari kuita kuti zvive nyore uye zvakachengeteka kwauri (yenyaya nyaya)
• Artificial intelligence (ruzivo rwekumashure)

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