Kusiyana uye interculturalism mukukurukurirana kwehurumende

Mutauro wemitauro yakawanda unobata basa rakakosha mukutaurirana nekunzwisisana kwetsika nemagariro, sezvo zvichibvumira vanhu kuti vabatanidze kupatsanurwa kwetsika nekushandisa mitauro yakawanda muhupenyu hwavo hwemazuva ese. Kugadzira nzira dzemutauro dzinoshanda kwakakosha kuti hurumende dzikurudzire budiriro yekukurukurirana pakati petsika nemagariro, anonyora Ipek Tekdemir (ari pamufananidzo, pazasi), muongorori wezvematongerwo enyika uye mupi wezano wekutaurirana, anoshanda muParamende yeEuropean.

Kukanganisa kwekudyidzana kwepasi rose, digitalization, uye midhiya yakawanda zvinongowedzera kukosha kwekutaura kwemitauro yakawanda mune ramangwana. Zvakadaro, pane gakava riripo pamusoro pekuti vangani vanhu vanogona kuchengetedza mutauro wavo netsika kubva kunharaunda dzine simba mune zvehupfumi nezvematongerwo enyika.

Mutauro wemitauro yakawanda, kuzivikanwa, uye tsika dzakanyatsobatana, uye mashandisiro anoita munhu mumwe mutauro anogona kuita kuti tsika yake ienderane. Zvakadai, zvakakosha kuchengetedza nekupemberera tsika dzemunhu, ukuwo uchimbundikira nekudzidza kubva kune dzimwe tsika kuburikidza nemitauro yakawanda.

Kukurukurirana kwakanaka kwemitauro yakawanda kunobva pakushandisa rurimi rwaamai rwemunhu kana mutauro waanonyatsogona kutaura nawo. Izvi zvinovimbisa kuti vanhu vanogona kunzwisisa zvirinani uye kuita nekutaurirana, zvichitungamira kune zvakabudirira mhedzisiro. Kuti izvi zviitike, hurumende dzinofanirwa kuvavarira kupa ruzivo nerubatsiro mumitauro yakasiyana-siyana, kuitira kuti vanhu vakwanise kusvika kune vakawanda.

Europe neAustralia dzakabudirira mukushandisa nzira dzakasiyana-siyana uye nzira dzekutaura nemitauro yakawanda, zvichiita kuti dzive mienzaniso inoshanda yekuti vamwe vatevedzere. Zvisineyi, kubudirira kutaurirana kwetsika kwakaoma, sezvo zvichitoda mameseji ekutaura uye asiri ekutaura.

Mumwe muenzaniso unocherechedzwa wekuita kwakanakisa kuvepo kwevaturikiri vemutauro wemasaini (Auslan) pamwe chete nevatauri vehurumende pamisangano yevatori venhau muAustralia. Izvi zvakakonzera kuoneka kukuru kwemutauro wemasaini uye zvakabvumira mhuri dzine matsi uye nhengo dzinonzwa kuti dziwane zviri munhau nenzira imwechete kekutanga.

Kuti uchengetedze kusimudzira kwakanaka uku, zvakakosha kuenderera mberi nekushandisa zviwanikwa zvemultimodal zvinobudirira mumazano ekutaurirana. Izvi zvichabatsira kuve nechokwadi chekuti vanhu veese mabviro uye nehunyanzvi vanogona kutora chikamu zvizere nekudyidzana nenharaunda.

Kuwedzera pakukosha kwekushandisa rurimi rwaamai kana kuti mutauro waanotsetsenura, zvinokosha kuziva kuti mutauro unomiririra tsika. Mitauro yakasiyana inogona kutaura maonero enyika akasiyana, zvitendero, uye hunhu, izvo zvinogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya maonerwo nekudyidzana kwevanhu nenyika yakavapoteredza.

Somuenzaniso, kurukurirano yakananga ingakosheswa zvikuru mudzimwe tsika, ichirangarirwa sechiratidzo chokutendeseka nouchokwadi, nepo kurukurirano isina kunanga ingasarudzwa mudzimwe kudzivisa rwisano kana kuti kuchengeta tsinhirano yenzanga. Misiyano yetsika iyi inogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya kuti kutaurirana kunotambirwa nekududzirwa sei, zvichiita kuti zvive zvakakosha kuziva kwavari kuti vataurirane zvinobudirira pamiganhu yetsika.

Multilingualism zvakare chikamu chakakosha chekuzivikanwa kweEuropean Union, inoratidza hupfumi hwakasiyana hwetsika nemitauro yayo. Gwaro reEU remitauro yakawanda, iro rinocherechedza kukosha kwekusiyana kwemitauro uye rinokurudzira kushandiswa kwemitauro yakawanda mumasangano ese eEU uye nyika dziri nhengo, ndechimwe chezvimiro zvayo. Zvakakosha kubudiriro yehutongi hwejekerere hweEU nekuti vagari vese, zvisinei nekwakabva mitauro, vane mukana wakaenzana kumasangano nemasevhisi ayo.

Mutemo weEU wemitauro yakawanda wakavakirwa pamusimboti we "kubatana mukusiyana," izvo zvinoreva kuti, zvisinei nekusiyana kwemitauro netsika, vagari vese veEU vanogovana chitupa chakafanana uye seti yehunhu. European Union yakagamuchira mitauro yakawanda kuitira kuti vanhu vakwanise kuziva mitauro yavo netsika dzekusimudzira, uye kushandisa hunyanzvi uhu kuti vabatsirwe. Nekusimudzira ruzivo nehunyanzvi pamusoro pemitauro netsika dzakasiyana, vanhu vanogona kuwana hunhu hwakafanana uye voswedera pedyo. EU inocherekedza mitauro yakawanda sekodzero yakakosha yevanhu inopa vanhu simba rekukudziridza kugona kwavo kudzidza vakazvimirira. Mitemo yedzidzo yemitauro yakawanda ine chinangwa chekuona kuti vanhu vanobva kwakasiyana-siyana vanokwanisa kugara pamwe chete zvakanaka, vachiziva mutauro netsika dzemumwe nemumwe, uye vachitaurirana neruremekedzo nekunzwisisa.

Kukurudzira mitauro yakawanda, EU yakagadzira zvirongwa zvakawanda uye zvirongwa zvine chinangwa chekuvandudza dzidzo yemitauro, kutsigira kudzidza mutauro kune vanoenda kune dzimwe nyika nevapoteri, uye kukurudzira mitauro yakasiyana-siyana munyika dziri nhengo. Pamusoro pezvo, EU inopa masevhisi ekududzira nekuturikira kune ese magwaro epamutemo nemisangano, kuve nechokwadi chekuti vagari vese vanogona kutora chikamu mukuita sarudzo, zvisinei nekugona kwavo mitauro. Paramende yeEurope yakazvipira kusimudzira mitauro yakawanda kuburikidza nekupa masevhisi ekududzira, kududzira, uye ekuongorora zvinyorwa zviri pamutemo. Kuzvipira uku kwakakosha mukusimudzira kujeka uye kukurudzira hukama hwepedyo pakati peEU nevagari vayo.

Mumakore achangopfuura, kwave nekuchinja kunoshamisa muhurongwa hwekutaurirana hwehurumende maererano neCCIDID-19, paine tarisiro yekupa ruzivo rwunowanikwa mumitauro yakawanda uye mafomati, senge zvinyorwa zvidiki, mafaira ekuteerera, uye zviratidzo zvinoonekwa.

Zvishandiso zvakashandurwa zvino zvinoratidza nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzinoshandiswa nevanhu midhiya. Zvinosanganisira musanganiswa wezvinyorwa zvepamhepo, hyperlinked PDFs, uye magwaro eShoko emirairo. Zviratidziro zvinoonekwa zvinopihwa kuburikidza neJPEG mafaera uye maposta, nepo kudhawunirodha mafaira ekuteerera anotaurika kupfuura didactic aripo. Pamusoro pezvo, mafaera evhidhiyo ane akadanwa odhiyo mumitauro isiri yeChirungu (LOTE) uye Chirungu zvinyorwa zvidiki (kana zvinopesana) anoshandiswa kuratidza mapfekero ekupfeka kumeso zvakanaka.

Mukupedzisa, mitauro yakawanda inoita basa rakakosha mukutaurirana nekunzwisisana kwetsika nemagariro, uye kukosha kwayo hakugone kufuratirwa nehurumende nemasangano ari kutsvaga kuvandudza nzira dzavo dzekutaurirana. Kukurudzira mitauro yakawanda sechishandiso chekuvaka nharaunda dzinosanganisira vanhu vose uye dzakabatana, uye kuona kuti munhu wese akwanisa kuwana ruzivo nerubatsiro rwaanoda, kwakakosha.

Kuzvipira kweEU mukusiyana mitauro kuburikidza nemutemo wayo wemitauro yakawanda kune zvakawanda zvakanakira vanhu, mabhizimisi, uye nzanga yose. Zvakadaro, inofanirawo kugadzirisa matambudziko ekuchengetedza mitauro yakawanda munyika inogara ichichinja uye kuona kuwaniswa kwakaenzana kwedzidzo yemitauro nezviwanikwa zvevagari vese.

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