Sarudzo yeParamende yeEuropean haigone kupindura Mubvunzo weEurope

​Paramende yeEurope ndeye 45 gore rino. Muna 1979 sarudzo yekutanga yakananga yeMEPs yakaitika. Muna Chikumi 2024 vanopfuura mamirioni mazana mana vagari vemuEurope vachasarudza 400 MEPs. Vanoshambadzira veEU vanotaura nezvesarudzo makore mashanu ega ega sehumbowo hwekuvapo kweEuropean demos - pfungwa yekuti mavhoti ese akaiswa chikamu chekunyangarika kunonoka kwenyika muEurope uye kubuda zvishoma nezvishoma kwesangano rezvematongerwo enyika rinonzi EU. . Kana zvakadaro kuberekwa kuri kutora nguva yakareba, anonyora aimbova Gurukota reUK kuEurope Denis MacShane.

Kuvavhoti vazhinji vemunyika sarudzo dzine chekuita nehupenyu hwavo hwezuva nezuva - kuti mitero yakakwira kana kuti yakaderera sei, zvinhu zvemunzanga zvakaita sehutano, kupihwa vachembera, zvikoro, mari dzevadzidzi vepayunivhesiti dziri kupihwa, kana mitemo inozivisa imhosva kana kubvisa mutemo wakamboti, semuenzaniso, kuita ungochani kana kubvisa nhumbu imhosva - inosarudzwa nevamiriri venyika.

EU ine bazi rezvekunze rinoshandiswa nenyanzvi dzemitemo yenyika asi sarudzo dzakakosha dzine chekuita nemutemo wekunze sekuita hondo, kupindira muBosnia kana Kosovo, kupikisa kupinda kwaPutin kuUkraine, kana kuisa zvirango zvinoitwa nehurumende dzenyika.

Ave makore makumi maviri nemashanu kubva vatungamiriri veEU vakaunganidzirwa naTony Blair vakabvumirana kurwisa kwakazara kwemauto kuvarwi veSerb vachiuraya uye kudzingwa kwevaKosovars nekuda kwekutaura kodzero yavo yekuve nyika yakasununguka yeEuropean. Nhasi EU ine pesvedzero shoma muWest Balkans sedzimwe nhengo dzeEU, nekuda kwezvikonzero zvezvematongerwo enyika zvemukati menyika, vanoramba kubvumirana, ndoda kumanikidza, mutemo wakafanana weEU weBalkans.

Vatungamiriri veEurope vanofarira kuzvienzanisa muhupfumi, kusimba kwehupfumi uye chimiro chepasirese neUnited States.

Asi ne 27 dzakasiyana dzehupfumi, simba, mutero, rubatsiro, simba, kutamira kune dzimwe nyika, zvakatipoteredza nekudzivirira mitemo zvakaoma kuti muvhoti weEurope aite vhoti yake kuti asarudze uye MEP nenzira inoshandura zvakananga hupenyu hwake. nenzira imwe cheteyo yakananga iyo vhoti yenyika inogona kuguma nemutemo mutsva, mutero mutsva, kana kodzero itsva dzinonzwa pakarepo.

Pakaitwa sarudzo dzakananga kuParamende yeEurope muna 1979 62% yevagari vemuEurope vakaenda kunovhota. Pasarudzo dzekupedzisira muna 2019 hafu chete yevavhoti ndiyo yaigona kunetseka kuvhota uye huwandu hwekutora chikamu hwakadzikira zvakanyanya.

Nhasi vezvidzidzo uye vacherechedzi veParamende yeEuropean vanotenda kuti kuchave nekuwanda kwevavhoti verudyi-vane-bapiro rekurudyi xenophobic anti-immigration vavhoti. Muchokwadi, mapato anopikisa European, xenophobic mapato ezvematongerwo enyika anowanzo kuita zvakanaka musarudzo dzeParamende yeEuropean.

Isarudzo iri nyore yekuratidzira umo vavhoti veEU Davos elites vanofuratira - varombo, vakasara-kumashure, matunhu ane mukurumbira ekurima kana maindasitiri anonzwa kurangwa nemitemo yekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze net-zero kana kutengeserana pachena kwechikafu chakachipa kubva. mhiri kwemakungwa - vanogona kuve nekushevedzera kwavo kune vepamusoro vanozovafuratira kwemamwe makore mashanu.

Jean-Marie Le Pen's Front national ndiye akakunda musarudzo dzeEuropean Parliament muna 2014. Kwakanga kuri kupikisa François Hollande's socialist presidency iyo yanga ichishongedzerwa nevamiriri veruboshwe muFrance avo vakangovhura musuwo kumutungamiri weDavos liberal elite technocrat. , Emanuel Macron.

Muna 2019, sarudzo dzeParamende yeEuropean, mwanasikana waLe Pen, Marine, akahwina zvigaro gumi nezvisere zveMEP, nemaGreens ari pachinhanho chechipiri pazvigaro gumi uye Macron achangobva kugadzira bato rezvematongerwo enyika akahwina zvigaro zviviri chete.

Zvakadaro musarudzo dzemutungamiri wenyika muna 2017 na2022, Macron akadudza Le Pen nepo vesocialist vaive vanyangarika. Saizvozvo, Nigel Farage, iye Donald Trump anoyemura British Europhobe, anti-immigrant populist akauya pamusoro 2014 European Paramende sarudzo. Makore gumi nemashanu apfuura bato raFarage reUKIP rakahwina zvigaro zveMEP zvakawanda kupfuura bato raitonga reLabour muna 2009. Muna Chikumi 2019, vamiriri vake vakawana mavhoti 5.2 miriyoni zvichienzaniswa nemiriyoni imwe nemazana mashanu. 

Zvakadaro muna Zvita 2019 maTories akahwina nyika uye hapana Farage akabvumidza kupinda muImba yeCommons. Brexit payakatanga kushanda uye ikaonekwa sekutadza kukuru kwehupfumi, kutengeserana, magariro uye zvematongerwo enyika, vavhoti vakaramba zvese zviri zviviri Farage uye anti-European Tories uye vakatendeukira kuLabour iyo inoita senge nzira yekukunda kukuru musarudzo dziri kuuya dze House of Commons. hurumende. 

Zvisinei nekukunda kweParamende yeEurope iyi, Farage akarambwa kanomwe paakaedza kuve MP musarudzo dzeBritish House of Commons. Vavhoti veBritish kusvika kuBrexit nevamwe vavhoti vekuEurope vanoita sevanopatsanura mavhoti avo. Vanoshandisa sarudzo dzekuEurope kuranga mapato kazhinji ari muhofisi yenyika uyezve pasarudzo dzinotevera vanovhota bato ravaimbotsigira.

Saka kunyangwe zvine musoro kufunga kuti Paramende yeEuropean ichave nemamwe maMEP ari kure-kurudyi izvo zvisingareve kuti vekurudyi vari kuenda kukutonga kwehurumende dzenyika uye nekudaro dzeEU.

Munyika mbiri dzakakosha dzeEU - Poland neSpain muna 2023 - vekurudyi vakadzingwa muhurumende kana kuti Spain yakatadza kupaza. Muna 2014, Matteo Renzi akatungamira pro-EU Partido Democratica yeItari - musanganiswa wemasocialists, macommunist, uye mapato akasiya akasununguka - mukuhwina kunoshamisa muParamende yeEuropean. Makore mashanu gare gare Renzi akange abuda mune zvematongerwo enyika uye anti-European MEPs muItaly akawedzera pro-European MEPs nevanopfuura maviri kusvika kune rimwe.

MuItari musarudzo dzeEP 2019 akahwina mukuru aive Matteo Salvini's Lega bato aine 34.3 muzana. Mukwikwidzi wake Giorgia Meloni's Brother of Italy bato rakavambwa nevatsigiri vefascist veMussolini muma1950s rakakunda 6.4 chete muzana.

Zvakadaro Meloni parizvino ndiye Mutungamiriri weItari uye akavharirwa mumakwikwi eruvengo nekuzvidza nemumwe wake ari kure-kurudyi, Salvini.

Matteo Salvini anoyemura Vladimir Putin. Mumiriri weFrance ari kure-kurudyi musarudzo yemutungamiri wenyika muna 2022, Eric Zemmour akati "Ini ndiri kurota nezvePutin weFrance." Viktor Orbán, pro-Putin mutungamiriri weHungary, nguva pfupi yadarika akaronga kuungana kwevari kurwira kodzero muBrussels naZemmour semutauri wenyeredzi kunyangwe achipikisa Marine Le Pen. Aivepowo aimbova Secretary Secretary weBritish Home, Suella Braverman, anotsoropodza Europhobe British Prime Minister, Rishi Sunak, pamwe nevamwe vatori venhau vane kodzero vanoumba England, uye kunyange kadhinari weGermany anoshora Papa Francis.

Ms Braverman vanopa dambudziko kuna Orbán uye kune mumwe wake ane kodzero yekuziva nyika mutorwa anofarira vezvematongerwo enyika. Anopikisa kuti UK inofanira kusiya European Convention on Human Rights uye European Court of Human Rights. Anotsanangura yekupedzisira se“dare rekunze” kunyangwe rakaumbwa richitungamirwa neCouncil of Europe naWinston Churchill muma1950s.

Mutungamiriri weItaly, Giorgia Meloni, azviisa pamusoro pezvishanu zvese zvemapato eBrothers of Italy (Fratelli) musarudzo dzeParamende yeEuropean. Haatore chigaro cheMEP asi anoda kushandisa sarudzo yaJune kuyedza mukurumbira wake.

SaMarine Le Pen akadonhedza ruvengo rwake rwese kuEU, mari imwe chete yeEuro, uye kusiyana nemukwikwidzi wake Matteo Salvini uyo aidada net-shirt ine Vladimir Putin pairi, Meloni anomira zvakanaka nehurumende dzeEU. US mukudaidzira kudzingwa kweuto reRussia rinopinda nechisimba kubva munharaunda yeUkraine.

Muchokwadi iyo yekurudyi yekurudyi yakatsemuka uye inoshaya muzvirongwa zvakafanana kana chiratidzo seruboshwe kana mapato ari kupera echiKristu edemocracy kana akasununguka muEurope. Kubva pakaitwa sarudzo dzakananga muna 1979 pave nemapoka asingasviki gumi nematanhatu ezvematongerwo enyika ari kure-kurudyi ane zvinonyanya kukwikwidzana pane zvinofanirwa kuitwa neEU.

Ivo vakabatana chete mukufarira kupihwa kweEU uye rubatsiro. Viktor Orbán kana Jarosław Kaczynski wekuPoland vanoramba vachirwisa zvirevo kubva kuBrussels kutsigira vakadzi, kana ngochani, kana kugadzirisa shanduko yemamiriro ekunze kana mishonga ine chepfu inoshandiswa mukurima asi haisi yekurota kwechipiri yekutevera muenzaniso weBritish weBrexit uye kusiya EU.

Sarudzo dzegore rino hadzina kunetsa kufanotaura. Iyo Muslimphobe, kodzero yekuzivikanwa yenyika ichawana zvimwe zvigaro. Hutano hwegutsaruzhinji hwakasara handizvo zvazvaive kunyanya muFrance neGermany. MaRiberals anoramba achipera. 

Pane muenzaniso unopenya webudiriro yedemocracy yesocial uye iBato idzva reLabour riri pasi paSir Keir Starmer iro rakabvisa pesvedzero yedemocracy yeBritain yakasara nekuzvidza kwayo tsika dzeEuroatlantic nezvematongerwo enyika uye ruvengo rwakanyanya rweIsrael. anti-semitic.

KuBritain, sarudzo dzese dzanga dzichitaura kwerinopfuura gore kuti kukunda kukuru kwebato reJeremy Corbyn Labor Party, pasi pehungwaru, nekuchenjera, pakati pemutungamiri wemagweta, Sir Keir Starmer, vari kuenda kukunda kukuru.

Iyo Brexit era Conservatives yakatarisana nekudzima. Boris Johnson uyo akarwisa EU kubva pamazuva ekutanga muma1990 seDaily Telegraph propagandist achipokana neEurope - akambonyora nezve "Gestapo-inodzorwa neNazi EU" - akashandura kukunda kweplebiscite muBritain yeEurophobia ya2016 kuita madota mumuromo. uye maziso evanopesana neEurope zvose zviri muBritain uye mberi. 

Kushanda haafanire kuisa njodzi zvakare kubatidza moto uye hasha dzeBrexit saka parizvino taura zvishoma sezvinobvira nezveEurope. Mapato ezvematongerwo enyika ekuBritain, BBC, nevenhau vanoramba kukoshesa sarudzo dzeParamende yeEuropean.

Saka usatarisire mafambiro anoshamisa musarudzo iyi yeParamende yeEuropean. 

Iyo mosaic yezvematongerwo enyika yeEurope inoumbwa neakawanda-akawanda mavara uye zvidimbu. 

Hurumende dzemarudzi makuru uye hombe pakati-kurudyi (EPP), pakati-kuruboshwe (Socialists and Democrats) neLiberal (ALDE) vanofanira kunamatira kune ruzhinji rwavo rwakabatanidzwa. Kana mumiriri wenyika ari kure-kurudyi, kure-kuruboshwe, maGreens nemapato madiki akazvimiririra akasanganisa masimba uye kuvhota zvine hungwaru vanogona kuvharidzira kudomwazve kwaUrsula von der Leyen seMutungamiriri weEuropean Commission 2024-2029. 

Asi izvozvo hazvina kukosha. Kwete kubva Jacques Delors akasiya basa makore makumi maviri apfuura iyo EU yaive nemutungamiri ane simba. Kubva ipapo vakuru vehurumende yenyika huru dzeEurope vakaita shuwa kuti ndivo vanotungamira uye mutungamiri weKomisheni anongokwanisa kuita zvavanotendera.

MEPs vane simba rekuita rekuita sarudzo pamwe chete neEuropean Council of Ministers (vakuru vehurumende) asi kutaura zvazviri isimba rakafanana nereSeneti yeUS kukwanisa kupa zano nekubvuma asi kwete kuburitsa chirongwa chakazara chemitemo se. maparamende enyika aripo kuti aite.

Yechokwadi post- kana supra-nyika zvematongerwo enyika kana hurongwa hwehutongi hweEurope hunoramba huchigadzirwa. Uye vavhoti vekuEurope havatore Paramende yeEuropean nechinhu chakafanana nekukosha uye kukosha kwavanoisa kumaparamende avo enyika.

• Denis MacShane anga ari mumiriri weVashandi kwemakore gumi nemasere uye Gurukota reBritain reEurope pasi paTony Blair. Akanyora mabhuku akati wandei pamusoro pezvematongerwo enyika dzeEurope.

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