Regulatory Burdens, Yakawandisa Mutero uye Yakarasika EU Directive

Iyo itsva European Commission zvechokwadi ichada kuunza mukugadzirisa kuderera kwehupfumi hweEurope uye kudzivirira nzvimbo yayo yezvematongerwo enyika. Makore mashanu apfuura aratidza kuti inogona kuita kana ichidikanwa, ichipindura matambudziko maviri makuru: denda rekoronavirus uye kupinda kweUkraine. 

Matambudziko ehupfumi eKoreji nyowani yeKomisheni pasina mubvunzo akakura. Chirevo chazvino chaMario Draghi chakavatsanangura zvakajeka. Pane kupokana pamusoro pekugona kweMubatanidzwa kugadzira hupfumi. Iyo EU haiisi mari yakakwana mukutsvaga nekuvandudza. Kushandisa mari paR&D kuri kushomeka, uye hakuna vashandi vane hunyanzvi hwepamusoro. Europe inodawo kuisa mari yakawanda mukudzivirira uye kugadzirira huwandu hwevanhu vari kukurumidza kuchembera.

Europe inofanirwa kutarisisa zvakanyanya kuedza kwayo kuvhara gaka rekuvandudza neUS neChina. Iyo inofanirwa kusununguka kubva kune yayo static maindasitiri chimiro uye kukurudzira makambani matsva uye injini dzekukura. Maererano nemushumo waDraghi, makambani matsva anoda kuwedzera muEurope anotadziswa nemitoro isingaenderani: zvipingamupinyi zvekutonga, mitoro yehutungamiri, uye mutero mukuru ndiwo matambudziko avo makuru.

Naizvozvo, iyo itsva EC inofanirwa kubva pamufananidzo wayo usingaperi we "kunonoka - kunonoka". Mumwe wemienzaniso ye "kunonoka zvakanyanya" murairo wakamisikidzwa wemutero wefodya kubva muna 2011. EU Council Directive 2011/64/EU pamusoro pemitemo yefodya haina kunyatsoitwa kusvika 2020 mushure mekurambidzwa kwekupedzisira kwefodya yakachekwa.

EU Council Directive 2011/64 / EU (TED) inotara mitemo yeEU pachimiro uye mitengo yemutero wefodya inogadzirwa. Kunyanya, inotsanangura nekuisa mhando dzakasiyana dzefodya dzakagadzirwa zvinoenderana nehunhu hwadzo uye inoisa pasi mwero wakakodzera wemitero yemhando dzakasiyana dzezvigadzirwa. Chinangwa cheDirective ndechekuona kushanda kwakakodzera kwemusika wemukati uye mwero wepamusoro wekuchengetedza hutano

Muna 2020, EC yakafunga kuongorora chirevo ichi. Kunyanya, yaida kuwedzera mwero wakaderera kuti uore kushandiswa uye kuvaswededza padhuze nemitengo yakakwira iyo dzimwe nyika dzakawanda dzakatotemesa. Yaidawo kudzora zvigadzirwa zvitsva senge e-fodya zvakaonekwa mushure mekutambirwa kweiyo 2011 rairo.

Chikumbiro chitsva pamutero wefodya chakatanga kurongwa muna Chivabvu 2022, asi hapana chakaitika. Iyo yazvino kunyorwa TED yakurudzira kuwedzera kukuru muEU mitezo yemitero yefodya yechinyakare, paine makore mana ekuchinja kune zvimwe zvigadzirwa, zvinosanganisira midzanga nefodya yemvura. Nguva yekuchinja yaisashanda kumidzanga kana fodya yefodya yekumoneredza.

Iyo isina kutenderedzwa dhizaini TED, sezvakaratidzwa ne Kusvuta Kudyidzana Kwemahara, yakaunza mwero wepamusoro wemutero wefodya inopisa - iyo isingafukidzwi nemutemo wezvino - iri pedyo nemutero wefodya yenguva dzose. Yakanangisawo zvikwama zve nicotine. Kune e-fodya, yakaunza sliding rate scale zvichienderana nehutano. Kune zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvine chekuita nefodya nefodya, zvakaunza kuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma kweyero yakatemwa yakatemwa mumakore mana. Rugwaro urwu rwakaunzawo "catch-all regime" inosanganisira zvimwe zvese zvakagadzirwa fodya.

Zvinoenderana nekudzidza kwaProf Ángel López-Nicolás weUniversidad Politécnica de Cartagena (Spain) kubva kutanga gore rino, fodya, cigarillos, uye pombi fodya zvakafukidzwa neTED yazvino, asi chimiro chemitengo yavo mishoma inosiyana neyefodya uye FCT nenzira yakakosha semutero weiyo yakakosha mutero weiyo yakakosha mutero. mutengo. 

Iyo yazvino TED haivharise zvigadzirwa zvitsva, uye akasiyana ekurapa akabuda munhengo dzenhengo. Zvimwe zvinogadzirwa nefodya inopisa mutero (HTP) nemitemo inoshanda pafodya yepombi, nepo vamwe vafambira mberi pakubata kwakaenzana nefodya. Vamwe vanobhadharisa mutero wezvinwiwa zvefodya yemagetsi vachishandisa vhoriyamu sebhesi remutero, uye vamwe havabhadharisi mitero kunze kweiyo general value-added tax. Nicotine pouche haina kubviswa munyika zhinji kwadzinotengeswa. Zvikumbiro zveEuropean Commission zvekudzokororwa kweTED zvinosanganisira kusikwa kwezvikamu zvemitero zvakasiyana kune chimwe nechimwe chezvitsva izvi zvigadzirwa.

Zviri pachena kuti iyo yaimbova Komisheni yakaita basa uye yakaronga kugadziriswa kwechirevo che 2011 muna 2022. Matanho ose eunyanzvi akaitwa zvakakodzera, zvinyorwa zvinyorwa zvinoratidzika kunge zvakapedzwa, asi zvinhu zvose zvakavharwa nechisarudzo chezvematongerwo enyika, pasina zvakajeka. kururamisa.

EU yakawiriranisa mitemo yemitero yefodya kubva muna 2011, inoda kuvandudzwa nekuchimbidza kuti ive nechokwadi chekubudirira mukuderedza kuwanda kwekuputa uye kuvhara fodya itsva nechikakananda. Komisheni itsva haichakwanisi kunonoka zvakare: Nyika dzenhengo, maNGOs anorwisa fodya, uye kunyange chikamu cheindasitiri vanokurudzira vezvematongerwo enyika kuti vatore mari pabasa rakaitwa uye nekukasika kuburitsa chisungo chakadzokororwa chemutero wefodya.

Iyo Union inozviona iri pamharadzano munyika umo geopolitical uye hupfumi mamiriro anochinja nekumhanya kwemheni. Ino inguva yekufungisisa nezvenzvimbo yakafara yebhizinesi. Indasitiri yefodya inowanzobatanidzwa nefodya yechinyakare ndiyo iri pakati pekushandura bhizimusi rayo. Iri kudyara mabhiriyoni ekutarisana nefodya ichitsigira nesainzi dzakadzikiswa utsi hwenjodzi kune vanhu vakuru vanoputa vasingaregi. Europe inhanho yeiyi shanduko yakabudirira uye nyaya ye akati wandei ehurongwa hwekudyara.   

Nharaunda dzedu hadzigoni kungokamurwa kuva dzakanaka nedzakaipa; kana mamwe masekete akaonekwa seakashata, saka hapana gakava regutsaruzhinji. Masectors aya akangoita deplatformed. Izvi zvakasiyana nemagadzirirwo ematambudziko. Gakava rakakosha mukuita sarudzo dzegutsaruzhinji nekuti rinosimudzira nhaurirano dzakavhurika, pachena, uye kuita sarudzo zvine ruzivo, zvinova ndizvo zvinova nheyo dzedemokrasi inoshanda. Izvi zvinofanirwawo kuitika pamakakatanwa pamusoro peindasitiri yefodya, bazi rehupfumi hwenyika rinounza budiriro kuburikidza nemabasa ane hunyanzvi uye hutsva. Mapato ese anofanirwa kuve nechekuita, kusanganisira masangano eEU, hurumende dzeMS, NGOs, vatengi, academia neindasitiri.

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